2022ApJ...927...91V

Query : 2022ApJ...927...91V

2022ApJ...927...91V - Astrophys. J., 927, 91-91 (2022/March-1)

The Relevance of Ram Pressure Stripping for the Evolution of Blue Cluster Galaxies as Seen at Optical Wavelengths.

VULCANI B., POGGIANTI B.M., SMITH R., MORETTI A., JAFFE Y.L., GULLIEUSZIK M., FRITZ J. and BELLHOUSE C.

Abstract (from CDS):

Ram pressure stripping is one of the most efficient mechanisms able to affect the gas reservoir in cluster galaxies, and in the last decades many studies have characterized the properties of stripped galaxies. A definite census of the importance of this process in local clusters is still missing, though. Here, we characterize the fraction of galaxies showing signs of stripping at optical wavelengths, using the data of 66 clusters from the WINGS and OMEGAWINGS surveys. We focus on the infalling galaxy population, and hence only consider blue, bright (B < 18.2), late-type, spectroscopically confirmed cluster members within two virial radii. In addition to "traditional" stripping candidates (SC)-i.e., galaxies showing unilateral debris and tails-we also consider unwinding galaxies (UG) as potentially stripped galaxies. Recent work has indeed unveiled a connection between unwinding features and ram pressure stripping, and even though only integral field studies can inform on how often these features are indeed due to ram pressure, it is important to include them in the global census. We performed a visual inspection of B-band images, and here we release a catalog of 143 UG. SC and UG each represent ∼15%-20% of the inspected sample. If we make the assumption that they both are undergoing ram pressure stripping, we can conclude that, at any given time in the low-z universe, about 35% of the infalling cluster population show signs of stripping in their morphology at optical wavelengths. These fractions depend on color, mass, and morphology, and little on clustercentric distance. Making some rough assumptions regarding the duration of the tail visibility and the time that cluster galaxies can maintain blue colors, we infer that almost all bright blue late-type cluster galaxies undergo a stripping phase during their life, boosting the importance of ram pressure stripping in cluster galaxy evolution.

Abstract Copyright: © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Disk galaxies - Galaxies - Spiral galaxies - Ram pressure stripped tails - Galaxy clusters

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/927/91): table1.dat table2.dat>

Simbad objects: 180

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Number of rows : 180
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 LEDA 646771 G 00 01 31.1088 -35 36 30.708           ~ 3 0
2 2MASX J00411284-0932034 GiC 00 41 12.7943800464 -09 32 03.767940420   16.40 15.72     ~ 18 0
3 2MASX J00421028-0855511 GiC 00 42 10.2921076296 -08 55 51.564415224     16.99     ~ 10 0
4 2MASX J00423389-0908462 GiC 00 42 33.9037382592 -09 08 46.341606012     16.71     ~ 15 0
5 Z 384-45 EmG 00 56 56.9006537184 -01 12 42.690966876   15.4647875 14.8021803     ~ 42 0
6 MCG+00-04-002 GiC 01 07 45.8903094432 +02 09 45.946634040   16       ~ 11 0
7 LEDA 1210991 GiC 01 08 35.2801 +01 56 37.217           ~ 14 0
8 2MASX J01084704-1506218 GiC 01 08 47.048 -15 06 21.80   16       ~ 7 0
9 LEDA 1217708 GiC 01 08 51.0 +02 09 14           ~ 5 0
10 2MASX J01093836-1501052 GiC 01 09 38.3395788288 -15 01 04.864668384           ~ 5 0
11 LEDA 913195 G 01 09 57.8928 -15 17 18.564           ~ 4 0
12 LEDA 912991 G 01 10 15.9615248712 -15 18 17.496793692   17.463   16.373   ~ 5 0
13 IC 1646 GiG 01 12 43.8230604720 +15 42 28.205629776   15.3       ~ 26 0
14 2MASX J01132427+1514282 GiC 01 13 24.2612174280 +15 14 27.899430252           ~ 23 0
15 Z 459-17 GiC 01 13 24.4811051448 +15 46 57.986868648   15.7       ~ 24 0
16 IC 87 EmG 01 14 15.79301 +00 45 55.2557   15.4       ~ 33 0
17 Z 385-39 EmG 01 14 25.6902580224 +00 32 09.930751296   15.6       ~ 24 0
18 2MASX J01151637+0014073 GiC 01 15 16.35265 +00 14 07.3298   16.38 17.3     ~ 16 0
19 2MASX J01154796+0014275 EmG 01 15 47.9585360664 +00 14 27.797614152     15.9     ~ 20 0
20 MCG+01-04-051 GiC 01 24 43.6185694440 +08 46 34.827138876   16.0       ~ 13 0
21 LEDA 94365 EmG 01 25 38.490 +08 37 56.85   17.18       ~ 6 0
22 WINGS J012554.50+090718.0 G 01 25 54.5016 +09 07 18.012           ~ 2 0
23 2MASX J02445343+3640123 GiC 02 44 53.435 +36 40 12.38           ~ 5 0
24 LEDA 443698 EmG 03 28 48.7997992296 -52 27 18.851399532           ~ 9 0
25 LEDA 439836 EmG 03 29 28.571 -52 42 35.97           ~ 5 0
26 LEDA 74592 EmG 03 30 19.2676339128 -52 31 05.880135540   17.27 16.79 16.45   ~ 10 0
27 2MASX J03313411-5244165 EmG 03 31 34.1006001336 -52 44 16.500921036   16.20       ~ 11 0
28 2MASX J03314243-5225118 LIN 03 31 42.3404955336 -52 25 12.216373428   16       ~ 10 0
29 LEDA 438648 GiC 03 31 42.622 -52 47 06.68           ~ 8 0
30 2MASX J03442987-5358139 GiC 03 44 29.9445741048 -53 58 14.122693704           ~ 6 0
31 LEDA 424194 G 03 44 54.0096 -53 58 23.304           ~ 4 0
32 WINGS J034553.63-531324.4 G 03 45 53.6328 -53 13 24.384           ~ 2 0
33 LEDA 394546 EmG 03 47 20.072 -57 03 03.46   17.11       ~ 6 0
34 IC 1999 EmG 03 47 42.825 -56 57 07.39   15.50   14.09   ~ 10 0
35 ESO 118-27 GiC 04 28 10.823 -61 18 13.65   15.76   15.00   ~ 12 0
36 2MASXI J0432340-611358 EmG 04 32 34.0983991800 -61 13 59.028156984   16.75   15.76   ~ 11 0
37 2MASXI J0433128-611201 GiC 04 33 12.7914551952 -61 12 01.150491348           ~ 9 0
38 APMUKS (BJ) B043259.62-612712.2 GiC 04 33 39.3644745936 -61 21 00.878193504           ~ 7 0
39 LEDA 824320 G 04 40 15.7536 -21 44 28.644           ~ 4 0
40 WINGS J055903.65-401136.2 G 05 59 03.6504 -40 11 36.204           ~ 2 0
41 2MASX J06010683-3955039 EmG 06 01 06.837 -39 55 03.93   14   15.00   ~ 10 0
42 LEDA 594775 G 06 01 10.7472 -39 43 55.884           ~ 3 0
43 2MASX J06020094-3957277 EmG 06 02 00.9450043872 -39 57 27.797357196   16       ~ 8 0
44 LEDA 75498 GiC 06 02 41.3016 -40 14 57.156   16       ~ 7 0
45 2MASX J06025827-4002541 GiC 06 02 58.273 -40 02 54.19   16       ~ 6 0
46 WINGS J062447.66-540940.0 G 06 24 47.6616 -54 09 40.068           ~ 2 0
47 2MASX J06254878-5359361 GiC 06 25 48.8443044096 -53 59 36.498993396   16.03   14.67   ~ 18 0
48 2MASX J06302572-5426494 GiC 06 30 25.6889031528 -54 26 49.742874960   16.62   15.50   ~ 7 0
49 LEDA 82283 GiC 09 07 04.8552 -09 14 55.356   16       ~ 6 0
50 2dFGRS TGN289Z250 EmG 10 13 18.351 -00 49 57.78   16.913   16.104   ~ 14 0
51 Z 211-48 GiC 10 21 26.4230585544 +38 17 47.348369268   15.7       ~ 20 0
52 2MASX J10222096+3829575 GiC 10 22 20.9374102992 +38 29 57.669588924           ~ 8 0
53 6dFGS gJ103942.5-083231 GiC 10 39 42.539 -08 32 30.52   15   15.36   ~ 8 0
54 LEDA 1004117 EmG 10 40 19.6271147640 -08 24 32.178060072           ~ 6 0
55 LEDA 2520084 GiC 11 30 45.13628 +55 56 52.4334           ~ 7 0
56 KUG 1128+564B GiC 11 31 19.4761094640 +56 11 45.711748788   16.45       ~ 12 0
57 2MASXI J1252247-150601 GiC 12 52 24.7444491408 -15 06 01.990643184   15       ~ 6 0
58 2MASX J12534067-2848594 GiC 12 53 40.6370350320 -28 49 00.011189820   16.70   16.21 15.93 ~ 6 0
59 2MASX J12553306-2848523 GiC 12 55 33.0780187392 -28 48 52.194692988   16.67   16.03 15.88 ~ 5 0
60 2MASX J12554310-3043059 GiC 12 55 43.1025152544 -30 43 06.424340736   15.70   14.99 14.60 ~ 11 0
61 2MASX J12562776-2908556 GiC 12 56 27.770 -29 08 55.68   16.56   15.98 15.74 ~ 6 0
62 LEDA 722329 GiC 12 57 08.7624 -30 01 36.192   17.69   16.96 16.76 ~ 5 0
63 LEDA 44396 GiC 12 58 02.3 -30 15 09   17.15   16.30 15.92 ~ 5 0
64 LEDA 2793689 GiC 13 21 52.5995924328 -31 45 54.311533524   16.13   14.79 14.79 ~ 14 0
65 LEDA 97781 EmG 13 25 11.653 -31 38 38.34   17.53   16.728 16.75 ~ 9 0
66 LEDA 98112 EmG 13 27 03.3996596712 -31 13 31.538139492   16.32   14.98 15.09 ~ 12 0
67 LEDA 141627 GiC 13 27 15.0 -27 26 03   17.48   16.91 16.52 ~ 4 0
68 LEDA 98168 GiC 13 27 16.653 -31 49 14.64       16.171   ~ 5 0
69 2MASX J13273358-2725568 GiC 13 27 33.5722724400 -27 25 56.599222116   16.98   16.48 16.00 ~ 7 0
70 2MASXI J1327462-312417 GiC 13 27 46.2146957520 -31 24 17.335001340   16.62   15.602 16.00 ~ 12 0
71 2MASX J13281040-3120568 GiC 13 28 10.3797735816 -31 20 57.448050828   16.69   15.46 15.54 ~ 11 0
72 2MASX J13290109-3149447 GiC 13 29 01.099 -31 49 44.78   16.66   15.611 16.23 ~ 11 0
73 6dFGS gJ132915.0-311645 GiC 13 29 14.978 -31 16 44.80   16.24   14.89 14.78 ~ 17 0
74 M 51 Sy2 13 29 52.698 +47 11 42.93   9.26 8.36 8.40   ~ 4565 4
75 LEDA 98854 GiC 13 30 11.4459088320 -31 25 21.158893596   17.32   16.516 16.41 ~ 8 0
76 LEDA 679441 G 13 30 14.8824 -33 12 30.312           ~ 4 0
77 2MASX J13312664-3327180 EmG 13 31 26.6705027136 -33 27 17.976637836   16.35   15.32 15.00 ~ 9 0
78 6dFGS gJ133200.6-324643 G 13 32 00.57 -32 46 42.5   16.80   16.25 16.21 ~ 5 0
79 LEDA 678554 G 13 32 09.1224 -33 16 21.072           ~ 3 0
80 WINGS J133306.32-332348.1 EmG 13 33 06.304 -33 23 47.77   17.97   17.23 16.84 ~ 5 0
81 WINGS J133309.20-332224.8 EmG 13 33 09.238 -33 22 25.24   17.82   16.85 16.67 ~ 5 0
82 ShaSS 401059664 G 13 33 10.4808 -33 08 26.880   17.99   16.82 15.93 ~ 4 0
83 LEDA 675135 G 13 34 11.6370644808 -33 31 37.410822156   16.67   15.75 15.27 ~ 8 0
84 LEDA 1774485 G 13 48 03.139 +26 23 31.51           ~ 5 0
85 2MASX J13491648+2639005 GiC 13 49 16.4777255064 +26 39 00.911480112           ~ 3 0
86 2MASX J14510054+1628351 GiC 14 51 00.546 +16 28 35.20   16       ~ 15 0
87 SDSS J145117.59+162828.9 G 14 51 17.59457 +16 28 28.9489           ~ 4 0
88 LEDA 84324 GiC 14 51 56.45757 +16 23 52.3416   16       ~ 9 0
89 2MASXI J1452172+165627 GiC 14 52 17.1955561896 +16 56 28.704366024   15       ~ 13 0
90 2MASX J14521952+1706197 GiC 14 52 19.5481258224 +17 06 20.380781772   15       ~ 9 0
91 Z 105-60 GiC 14 53 33.5765832336 +18 05 51.764638128   15.7       ~ 16 0
92 LEDA 1576861 G 14 53 36.760 +18 59 19.38           ~ 4 0
93 2MASX J14534677+1857354 Sy2 14 53 46.7974926264 +18 57 35.813769804   15       ~ 6 0
94 2MASX J14535661+1828204 LIN 14 53 56.6634572808 +18 28 21.049035096   15       ~ 7 0
95 2MASX J14544327+1828220 GiC 14 54 43.2675877464 +18 28 22.704574728   16       ~ 10 0
96 LEDA 95678 G 14 54 53.3201498856 +18 44 45.636214164           ~ 4 0
97 LEDA 1553878 G 14 54 54.68545 +18 14 10.0529           ~ 4 0
98 LEDA 1556374 G 14 55 01.317 +18 19 22.10           ~ 4 0
99 2MASX J14551849+1851463 GiC 14 55 18.50926 +18 51 46.4245   16       ~ 10 0
100 2MASX J14555795+1830084 GiC 14 55 57.9744296952 +18 30 08.491124520   16       ~ 13 0
101 2MASX J14561716+1840209 GiC 14 56 17.1421628016 +18 40 20.852701608   16       ~ 10 0
102 LEDA 1320268 G 15 21 00.6369673104 +07 22 26.838471144           ~ 7 0
103 SDSS J153843.31+213943.9 G 15 38 43.31433 +21 39 43.9606           ~ 6 0
104 Z 136-53 GiC 15 40 43.8212905296 +21 17 46.414617216   15.7       ~ 16 0
105 LEDA 3851359 G 15 40 55.28994 +21 24 18.5032           ~ 6 0
106 LEDA 4473683 G 15 41 05.85710 +22 05 37.0508           ~ 6 0
107 LEDA 1656271 G 15 41 14.91378 +21 44 31.5810           ~ 9 0
108 LEDA 1649735 G 15 41 20.087 +21 25 34.61           ~ 5 0
109 LEDA 1657383 G 15 41 39.518 +21 47 39.07           ~ 8 0
110 2MASX J15450800+3611053 GiC 15 45 08.009 +36 11 05.39           ~ 4 0
111 LEDA 2453056 G 16 00 08.5756683312 +53 51 54.274676040           ~ 5 0
112 2MASX J16584688+7825211 GiC 16 58 46.8038320488 +78 25 21.481474836           ~ 11 0
113 2MASX J17012371+7841156 GiC 17 01 23.719 +78 41 15.61   17.35       ~ 6 0
114 2MASX J17032243+7846557 GiC 17 03 22.438 +78 46 55.74           ~ 10 0
115 2MASX J17033447+7850546 GiC 17 03 34.4617060704 +78 50 54.857044752           ~ 8 0
116 LEDA 392243 G 20 08 42.4224 -57 15 07.776           ~ 4 0
117 2MASX J20102753-5617476 GiC 20 10 27.5205469344 -56 17 48.079201344   16.48   15.52   ~ 10 0
118 WINGS J201038.71-563909.9 G 20 10 38.67342 -56 39 09.9327           ~ 1 0
119 LEDA 401091 GiC 20 11 02.71 -56 19 22.7           ~ 7 0
120 2MASX J20113611-5655303 GiC 20 11 36.116 -56 55 30.31   16.74   15.91   ~ 9 0
121 FRL 339 Sy1 20 11 58.3455298944 -57 05 11.971669812   16.42   15.64   ~ 26 0
122 WINGS J201214.94-563559.3 GiC 20 12 14.92 -56 35 58.8           ~ 2 0
123 LEDA 95828 GiC 20 12 53.3568 -57 20 14.856           ~ 7 0
124 2MASX J20132611-5641452 GiC 20 13 26.1286994016 -56 41 44.947985712           ~ 5 0
125 LEDA 95873 EmG 20 15 13.9272115224 -57 11 02.905999692   16.18   15.24   ~ 8 0
126 LEDA 396413 GiC 20 16 06.79 -56 52 09.8           ~ 4 0
127 6dFGS gJ204810.5-522932 GiC 20 48 10.3 -52 29 32   17.04   16.08   ~ 11 0
128 6dFGS gJ204847.7-522332 GiC 20 48 47.688 -52 23 32.77   15   15.65   ~ 11 0
129 2MASX J20491475-5216353 GiC 20 49 14.7740961864 -52 16 35.389418088   15   15.01   ~ 12 0
130 2MFGC 15783 GiC 20 49 51.123 -52 55 12.43   15       ~ 12 0
131 LEDA 84963 GiC 20 50 43.7040 -53 09 27.468   15       ~ 10 0
132 LEDA 439965 G 20 51 11.2584 -52 42 03.600           ~ 3 0
133 ESO 187-29 GiC 20 52 43.8300731208 -52 41 06.912552552   15.71   14.55   ~ 14 0
134 ESO 235-9 G 20 52 45.5356736400 -52 09 52.126761780   14.75   13.45   ~ 25 0
135 2MASX J20524639-5304398 GiC 20 52 46.399 -53 04 39.84   16       ~ 10 0
136 2MASX J20530678-5257239 GiC 20 53 06.7701127200 -52 57 24.135261840   15   15.40   ~ 8 0
137 2MASX J20531529-5245519 GiC 20 53 15.293 -52 45 51.92   16   15.65   ~ 8 0
138 6dFGS gJ205346.7-525909 GiC 20 53 46.7030006208 -52 59 09.011881500   16.04       ~ 16 0
139 WINGS J211246.20+024858.4 G 21 12 46.2240 +02 48 58.320           ~ 2 0
140 2MASX J21461962-4354403 GiC 21 46 19.6551437736 -43 54 39.683217456           ~ 4 0
141 LEDA 544535 EmG 21 48 21.045 -43 47 44.41           ~ 7 0
142 LEDA 906476 G 21 50 04.2192 -15 47 19.140           ~ 3 0
143 WINGS J215120.17-153731.6 EmG 21 51 20.171 -15 37 32.12   17.8847313 17.3668270     ~ 5 0
144 LEDA 907129 EmG 21 51 25.431 -15 44 24.62   17.8439407 17.2997799     ~ 7 0
145 LEDA 908319 EmG 21 51 31.795 -15 38 52.60   16.6636543 16.2731037     ~ 6 0
146 2MASX J21515846-1545368 LIN 21 51 58.4764378440 -15 45 37.439519184   16.17 15.6336346 15.12   ~ 9 0
147 LEDA 908183 GiC 21 52 25.4883 -15 39 30.009   17.9641819 17.3267460     ~ 5 0
148 LEDA 915223 G 21 52 29.3472 -15 08 12.912           ~ 3 0
149 LEDA 911125 G 21 53 07.8744 -15 26 53.880           ~ 3 0
150 SDSS J215608.40-080925.9 G 21 56 08.402 -08 09 25.93           ~ 5 0
151 LEDA 1021802 G 21 56 40.03199 -07 16 05.1553           ~ 7 0
152 2MASX J21575983-0727498 LIN 21 57 59.8589702328 -07 27 49.465559772   16.20   15.17   ~ 14 0
153 LEDA 1020244 G 21 58 26.2807760376 -07 21 53.918504964   16.24   15.41   ~ 15 0
154 LEDA 1039868 G 22 06 33.2129929848 -05 49 57.363964320   16.95   15.72   ~ 6 0
155 LEDA 715035 G 22 25 38.9568 -30 37 06.852   17.836   17.145   ~ 4 0
156 LEDA 133382 G 22 28 18.3083350680 -30 16 06.546825984   15.428   14.417   ~ 18 0
157 LEDA 717213 G 22 28 31.0320 -30 26 33.432   17.149   16.604   ~ 5 0
158 LEDA 715482 G 22 29 42.4080 -30 35 00.312   17.281   16.673   ~ 6 0
159 LEDA 1207575 G 22 35 13.5576 +01 50 17.844           ~ 3 0
160 2MASX J22353911+0131043 GiC 22 35 39.139 +01 31 04.98           ~ 4 0
161 LEDA 1200163 G 22 36 25.7376 +01 36 32.976           ~ 4 0
162 LEDA 164155 G 22 36 58.7544 +01 27 12.096           ~ 4 0
163 NFP J230926.6+074002 G 23 09 26.60 +07 40 02.0           ~ 2 0
164 Z 454-23 G 23 17 21.4660151592 +18 25 25.089078288   15.7       ~ 13 0
165 LEDA 5808698 G 23 22 33.091 +16 26 51.68           ~ 6 0
166 Z 454-62 GiC 23 23 51.3891662760 +16 38 41.267850360   15.7       ~ 21 0
167 LEDA 1461318 GiC 23 24 00.227 +14 33 48.39           ~ 15 0
168 LEDA 86498 G 23 24 17.1436567104 +14 43 12.039807864   16       ~ 12 0
169 2MASX J23251400+1649157 GiC 23 25 13.9962071136 +16 49 16.033056960   16.19       ~ 11 0
170 2MASX J23251720+1447177 GiC 23 25 17.1793347576 +14 47 17.736745848           ~ 12 0
171 2MASX J23251982+1424193 GiC 23 25 19.8047007936 +14 24 19.626282684           ~ 18 0
172 LEDA 1802104 GiC 23 34 21.411 +27 14 39.53           ~ 6 0
173 LEDA 1641157 G 23 35 42.57 +21 01 39.5           ~ 4 0
174 ACO 2626 ClG 23 36 31.0 +21 09 36           ~ 265 0
175 2MASX J23434944+0908511 GiC 23 43 49.446 +09 08 51.11   16.06       ~ 7 0
176 LEDA 85661 GiC 23 44 15.2 +08 51 02   17.61       ~ 11 0
177 2MASX J23460255+0911169 GiC 23 46 02.556 +09 11 16.94   17.07       ~ 7 0
178 MCG-06-01-004 G 23 54 57.8782564248 -34 36 05.267044620   14.66   13.47   ~ 18 0
179 2dFGRS TGS549Z351 G 23 56 39.4 -34 59 58   17.830   17.147   ~ 3 0
180 LEDA 72974 G 23 56 44.3524161120 -34 34 37.535953908   16.111   15.339   ~ 7 0

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