2022ApJ...929...25D

The γ-ray spectrum of the source HAWC J1825-134 measured with the High Altitude Water Cherenkov (HAWC) observatory extends beyond 200 TeV without any evidence for a steepening or cutoff. There are some indications that the γ-rays detected with HAWC were produced by cosmic-ray protons or nuclei colliding with the ambient gas. Assuming primary protons, we inquire which shape of the primary proton spectrum is compatible with the HAWC measurements. We find that the primary proton spectrum with the power-law shape of γ_p = 2.2 and the cutoff energy E_c–p > 500 TeV describes the data well. However, much harder spectra with γ_p down to 1.3 and E_c–p as low as 200 TeV also do not contradict the HAWC measurements. The former option might be realized if the accelerator is inside or very near to the γ-ray production zone. The latter option is viable for the case of a cosmic-ray source that effectively confines low-energy (E_p < 10 TeV) accelerated protons. Using publicly available data of the Fermi-LAT space γ-ray telescope, we derive upper limits on the intensity of the HAWC J1825-134 source in the 1 GeV-1 TeV energy range. We show that the account of these upper limits drastically changes the interpretation: only hard (γ_p < 1.7) spectra describe the combined HAWC and Fermi-LAT data sets well.