2022ApJ...929...84B

Query : 2022ApJ...929...84B

2022ApJ...929...84B - Astrophys. J., 929, 84-84 (2022/April-2)

Massive Black Hole Formation in Dense Stellar Environments: Enhanced X-Ray Detection Rates in High-velocity Dispersion Nuclear Star Clusters.

BALDASSARE V.F., STONE N.C., FOORD A., GALLO E. and OSTRIKER J.P.

Abstract (from CDS):

We analyze Chandra X-ray Observatory imaging of 108 galaxies hosting nuclear star clusters (NSCs) to search for signatures of massive black holes (BHs). NSCs are extremely dense stellar environments with conditions that can theoretically facilitate massive BH formation. Recent work by Stone et al. finds that sufficiently dense NSCs should be unstable to the runaway growth of a stellar-mass BH into a massive BH via tidal captures. Furthermore, there is a velocity dispersion threshold (40 km s–1) above which NSCs should inevitably form a massive BH. To provide an observational test of these theories, we measure X-ray emission from NSCs and compare it to the measured velocity dispersion and tidal capture runaway timescale. We find that NSCs above the 40 km s–1 threshold are X-ray detected at roughly twice the rate of those below (after accounting for contamination from X-ray binaries). These results are consistent with a scenario in which dense, high-velocity NSCs can form massive BHs, providing a formation pathway that does not rely on conditions found only at high redshift.

Abstract Copyright: © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Nucleated dwarf galaxies - Intermediate-mass black holes - Astrophysical black holes - Low-luminosity active galactic nuclei

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/929/84): table1.dat table2.dat table3.dat>

Simbad objects: 113

goto Full paper

goto View the references in ADS

Number of rows : 113
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 M 110 GiG 00 40 22.0572349992 +41 41 07.507220136   8.92 8.07     ~ 1370 1
2 M 32 GiG 00 42 41.82480 +40 51 54.6120 9.51 9.03 8.08     ~ 2236 2
3 NGC 247 LSB 00 47 08.554 -20 45 37.44 10.11 9.61 9.10 8.87   ~ 480 2
4 MCG-01-03-085 LSB 01 05 04.8748186464 -06 12 44.774236980   12.1   12.1 12.0 ~ 97 0
5 NGC 428 AGN 01 12 55.709 +00 58 53.69   12.1   12.0 12.1 ~ 247 0
6 M 33 GiG 01 33 50.8965749232 +30 39 36.630403128 6.17 6.27 5.72     ~ 6226 1
7 M 74 G 01 36 41.7451236624 +15 47 01.107512304 10.52 10.00 9.46 9.16   ~ 1934 1
8 NGC 672 GiP 01 47 54.4764771528 +27 25 58.020709728 12.04 11.60 11.09 10.81   ~ 304 0
9 NGC 959 GiG 02 32 23.9241457416 +35 29 40.455279636 12.87 12.95 12.38 11.79   ~ 123 1
10 IC 239 GiG 02 36 27.8262034392 +38 58 09.083372052   12.1   12.75   ~ 115 0
11 NGC 1003 GiG 02 39 16.893 +40 52 20.25   12.1   10.83   ~ 198 0
12 NGC 1042 SyG 02 40 23.9724818544 -08 26 00.736256616 11.47 11.56 11.02 11.7 11.4 ~ 286 1
13 NGC 1058 Sy2 02 43 30.0264850248 +37 20 28.782851784   12.29 11.75 10.85   ~ 483 0
14 NGC 1073 EmG 02 43 40.598 +01 22 33.13   11.3   11.3 11.8 ~ 335 0
15 NGC 1325A GiP 03 24 48.55 -21 20 10.4   13.33 12.83 12.52 13.1 ~ 69 0
16 NGC 1385 EmG 03 37 28.323 -24 30 04.60 11.28 11.50 10.94 10.45 11.7 ~ 318 2
17 NGC 1483 GiG 03 52 47.608 -47 28 39.06   13.23   13.2 13.0 ~ 88 0
18 NGC 1487 GiP 03 55 46.5 -42 22 01   12.28 11.68 11.74 11.02 ~ 124 0
19 NGC 1493 Sy2 03 57 27.4270810416 -46 12 38.513195316   11.88   11.01 11.6 ~ 149 0
20 ESO 359-29 AG? 04 12 50.62 -33 00 07.3   14.77   14.14   ~ 46 0
21 NGC 1559 GiG 04 17 35.7508602240 -62 47 01.251567384   11.19 10.45 10.11 10.4 ~ 325 1
22 NGC 1566 Sy1 04 20 00.3968473248 -54 56 16.624708764 10.29 10.19 9.73 9.21 10.1 ~ 1051 2
23 NGC 1569 rG 04 30 49.186 +64 50 52.52 11.72 11.86 11.03     ~ 1297 3
24 IC 396 PaG 04 57 59.1207523272 +68 19 24.630568896   13.2       ~ 42 0
25 NGC 1892 GiG 05 17 09.0127062984 -64 57 34.791231996   12.72   11.9 11.8 ~ 81 0
26 NGC 2139 EmG 06 01 07.963 -23 40 20.35   12.10 11.71 11.28 12.1 ~ 164 1
27 NGC 2207 AG? 06 16 22.0336889136 -21 22 21.759218400   11.48 10.65 10.21 11.9 ~ 301 4
28 NGC 2541 GiG 08 14 40.1160678912 +49 03 42.021679932 12.03 12.26 11.80     ~ 333 1
29 NGC 2552 EmG 08 19 20.5355420472 +50 00 34.590204468 13.44 13.00 12.56     ~ 284 1
30 Z 263-63 GiP 08 37 41.489 +51 39 08.58   13.50       ~ 149 1
31 NGC 2748 GiG 09 13 43.03707 +76 28 31.2310   11.7       ~ 223 0
32 Z 209-44 GiP 09 17 21.709 +41 54 38.92   15.0       ~ 74 0
33 NGC 2835 EmG 09 17 52.8523921416 -22 21 16.839119700   11.03   10.32 10.9 ~ 285 0
34 NGC 2805 GiP 09 20 20.3891233968 +64 06 10.716485004   11.9       ~ 226 1
35 NGC 2903 AGN 09 32 10.111 +21 30 02.99 10.44 9.75 9.07 8.68   ~ 1204 3
36 Z 63-48 GiG 09 42 58.193 +09 28 15.64   13.7       ~ 59 0
37 NGC 2997 GiG 09 45 38.7542237472 -31 11 27.345810192   9.97 9.41 8.84 9.9 ~ 454 1
38 NGC 3180 GiG 10 18 16.985 +41 25 27.77   10.4       ~ 777 0
39 Z 333-35 GiG 10 30 35.03 +70 37 07.2 14.81 13.69 13.01 12.73   ~ 140 0
40 NGC 3274 EmG 10 32 17.2253817864 +27 40 07.165226244   13.30   12.77   ~ 261 0
41 NGC 3319 SyG 10 39 09.533 +41 41 12.74   11.48 11.07     ~ 325 1
42 NGC 3344 EmG 10 43 31.150 +24 55 19.99 10.38 10.54 9.86 9.71   ~ 434 1
43 NGC 3346 EmG 10 43 38.9309584368 +14 52 18.437883960   12.80       ~ 192 0
44 NGC 3359 EmG 10 46 36.845 +63 13 25.10 10.83 11.03 10.57     ~ 380 1
45 NGC 3423 SyG 10 51 14.3245691976 +05 50 24.158965920   12.1       ~ 191 0
46 NGC 3455 GiP 10 54 31.0921117824 +17 17 04.985473704   13.1       ~ 171 0
47 Z 291-32 Sy2 11 09 12.4004349792 +61 23 46.752295380   15.66 15.29     ~ 30 0
48 M 108 AGN 11 11 30.967 +55 40 26.84   10.70       ~ 497 1
49 NGC 3621 Sy2 11 18 16.300 -32 48 45.36 10.10 9.44 9.56 8.07 10.1 ~ 661 3
50 NGC 3631 AG? 11 21 02.8871865144 +53 10 10.415331660   11.0       ~ 385 1
51 NGC 3756 GiG 11 36 48.0255259872 +54 17 36.721532292   12.1       ~ 193 0
52 NGC 3782 GiG 11 39 20.680 +46 30 48.20   13.1       ~ 115 0
53 NGC 3906 AG? 11 49 40.496 +48 25 33.46   14.1       ~ 103 0
54 NGC 3913 AG? 11 50 38.9407040280 +55 21 13.894641396   14.2       ~ 169 0
55 NGC 3949 GiC 11 53 41.7311041896 +47 51 31.401451476   10.9       ~ 351 1
56 NGC 4030 EmG 12 00 23.6102390784 -01 06 00.197099136   11.42   10.3 10.4 ~ 361 1
57 NGC 4041 SyG 12 02 12.2376697152 +62 08 14.096124312   11.6       ~ 270 1
58 NGC 4062 EmG 12 04 03.8090248584 +31 53 44.489664636   11.90 11.21 10.62 10.03 ~ 283 0
59 NGC 4096 GiG 12 06 01.161 +47 28 42.09   11.61   10.86   ~ 271 0
60 NGC 4204 GiC 12 15 14.359 +20 39 32.68   14.3       ~ 162 0
61 NGC 4228 SBG 12 15 39.174 +36 19 36.80 10.63 10.30 9.93 9.74   ~ 1017 1
62 NGC 4237 AGN 12 17 11.4198657984 +15 19 26.557164264   12.3       ~ 266 0
63 NGC 4242 GiG 12 17 30.1835103480 +45 37 09.508940220   11.37 10.83     ~ 285 1
64 M 99 H2G 12 18 49.625 +14 24 59.36 10.45 10.44 9.87     ~ 1004 2
65 NGC 4276 GiG 12 20 07.4933991888 +07 41 30.735209796   14.1       ~ 128 0
66 NGC 4299 GiC 12 21 40.548 +11 29 59.74   12.8       ~ 271 0
67 NGC 4395 Sy2 12 25 48.8633109888 +33 32 48.700168152 10.84 10.54 10.11 9.98   ~ 1286 1
68 NGC 4393 GiG 12 25 51.3241046904 +27 33 38.847608496   13.8       ~ 86 0
69 NGC 4396 GiC 12 25 58.802 +15 40 17.28 12.94 13.06 12.58     ~ 207 1
70 NGC 4411B Sy2 12 26 47.2270744440 +08 53 04.479254880   14.4       ~ 190 0
71 NGC 4449 EmG 12 28 11.118 +44 05 36.81 10.11 9.98 9.64 9.45   ~ 1192 1
72 NGC 4490 GiG 12 30 34.5 +41 38 26 10.03 10.22 9.79     ~ 616 3
73 NGC 4487 EmG 12 31 04.4731449720 -08 03 14.548820040   11.7   11.9 11.6 ~ 189 0
74 NGC 4496 GiP 12 31 39.2222392512 +03 56 21.641352828   11.71       ~ 376 0
75 NGC 4498 GiG 12 31 39.5627385744 +16 51 09.625381632   12.8       ~ 244 0
76 NGC 4437 AGN 12 32 45.586 +00 06 54.14   11.1   11.1 10.6 ~ 307 0
77 NGC 4522 GiG 12 33 39.657 +09 10 29.54   13.6       ~ 396 0
78 NGC 4525 LSB 12 33 51.1345197048 +30 16 38.774676108   13.0       ~ 129 0
79 NGC 4559 H2G 12 35 57.6402869976 +27 57 35.859278160   10.46 10.01     ~ 667 1
80 NGC 4567 H2G 12 36 32.6979947472 +11 15 28.716262668 12.25 12.06 11.31     ~ 339 2
81 NGC 4571 GiC 12 36 56.3722998960 +14 13 02.296534836   13.6       ~ 368 1
82 NGC 4592 EmG 12 39 18.7543040040 -00 31 55.529665824   12.4   12.3 12.1 ~ 159 0
83 NGC 4595 GiG 12 39 51.9135061584 +15 17 51.942944760   12.8       ~ 215 0
84 NGC 4618 GiP 12 41 32.8976471760 +41 09 03.185175528 11.03 11.22 10.78     ~ 344 2
85 NGC 4625 SyG 12 41 52.7121819576 +41 16 26.115765780 12.74 12.92 12.35     ~ 383 2
86 NGC 4631 GiC 12 42 08.009 +32 32 29.44   9.78 9.19 9.10   ~ 1154 3
87 NGC 4700 AGN 12 49 08.148 -11 24 35.48   12.7 14.32 12.7 12.5 ~ 107 0
88 NGC 4701 AGN 12 49 11.5931072112 +03 23 19.389227964   13.1       ~ 181 0
89 Z 15-37 EmG 12 55 12.6507011952 +00 07 00.036186204   14.694   16.214 12.7 ~ 155 0
90 NGC 4900 AGN 13 00 39.1193785512 +02 30 05.154593868   12.8       ~ 267 1
91 NGC 5054 Sy1 13 16 58.488 -16 38 05.46   11.3   10.36 10.7 ~ 203 1
92 NGC 5068 AG? 13 18 54.807 -21 02 20.76 11.24 10.53 10.01 9.78 10.1 ~ 354 0
93 NGC 5102 EmG 13 21 57.6100832352 -36 37 48.395156160   9.74 9.65 8.47 10.2 ~ 389 1
94 NGC 5204 LSB 13 29 36.508 +58 25 07.43   11.84   11.37   ~ 494 0
95 Z 102-4 EmG 13 31 52.5516205584 +20 00 03.802623984   13.80       ~ 99 0
96 NGC 5206 GiG 13 33 43.9615937880 -48 09 03.953598228   11.62   10.40   ~ 121 0
97 NGC 5264 GiG 13 41 36.683 -29 54 47.25 13.86 12.96 12.39 12.14 15.83 ~ 164 1
98 NGC 5427 Sy1 14 03 26.0408044536 -06 01 50.682790236   14.67 13.96 11.54   ~ 307 0
99 NGC 5474 GiP 14 05 01.608 +53 39 43.95   11.28 10.79     ~ 475 1
100 NGC 5585 GiG 14 19 48.204 +56 43 44.58   11.73 11.216 11.12 10.123 ~ 455 0
101 Z 19-12 EmG 14 23 27.1688465352 +01 43 34.412659176   13.16   12.555 13.0 ~ 124 1
102 NGC 5964 EmG 15 37 36.2103407496 +05 58 26.360661972   12.45 11.82 11.48 10.89 ~ 133 0
103 ESO 138-10 GiG 16 59 02.952 -60 12 57.67   11.57   10.52 10.7 ~ 74 0
104 NGC 6503 LIN 17 49 26.4207792072 +70 08 39.604132176 11.56 10.95 10.28 9.92   ~ 551 1
105 NGC 6509 GiG 17 59 25.3151920152 +06 17 12.863588496   13.4       ~ 73 0
106 IC 4710 AG? 18 28 37.969 -66 58 56.20   12.53   11.33 12.4 ~ 112 1
107 UGC 11583 LSB 20 30 15.30 +60 26 25.0   17       ~ 66 0
108 NGC 7090 EmG 21 36 28.865 -54 33 26.35 12.35 11.60 11.05 10.82 11.2 ~ 183 0
109 IC 5256 EmG 22 49 45.79107 -68 41 26.5090           ~ 31 0
110 IC 5332 GiG 23 34 27.488 -36 06 03.89 11.59 11.27 10.72 10.50 11.2 ~ 216 0
111 Z 476-106 GiP 23 40 39.86 +26 14 11.1   14.5       ~ 146 0
112 NGC 7741 GiP 23 43 54.375 +26 04 32.07 11.70 11.84 11.31     ~ 303 1
113 ESO 241-6 EmG 23 56 15.051 -43 25 39.14   14.44   14.6 14.6 ~ 25 0

To bookmark this query, right click on this link: simbad:objects in 2022ApJ...929...84B and select 'bookmark this link' or equivalent in the popup menu