2022ApJ...935...64E

We report high-resolution (2″ ∼ 200 pc) mappings of the central region of the nearby barred spiral galaxy NGC 1365 in the CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) emission lines. The 2-1/1-0 ratio of integrated intensities shows a large scatter (0.15) with a median value of 0.67. We also calculate the ratio of velocity dispersions and peak temperatures and find that in most cases the velocity dispersion ratio is close to unity and thus the peak temperature ratio is comparable to the integrated intensity ratio. This result indicates that both CO(1-0) and CO(2-1) lines trace similar components of molecular gas, with their integrated intensity (or peak temperature) ratios reflecting the gas density and/or temperature. Similar to recent kiloparsec-scale studies, these ratios show a positive correlation with a star formation rate indicator (here we use an extinction-corrected Hα map), suggesting that molecular gas associated with recent star formation is denser and/or warmer. We also find that some CO spectra show two peaks owing to complicated kinematics, and such two components likely trace molecular gas at different conditions. This result demonstrates the importance of spectral fitting to measure integrated intensities and their ratios more accurately.