2022ApJ...935...97M

In studying the interstellar medium (ISM) and Galactic cosmic rays (CRs), uncertainty of the interstellar gas density has always been an issue. To overcome this difficulty, we used a component decomposition of the 21 cm H I emission line and used the resulting gas maps in an analysis of γ-ray data obtained by the Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) for the MBM 53, 54, and 55 molecular clouds and the Pegasus loop. We decomposed the ISM gas into intermediate-velocity clouds, narrow-line and optically thick H I, broad-line and optically thin H I, CO-bright H₂, and CO-dark H₂ using detailed correlations with the H I line profiles from the HI4PI survey, the Planck dust-emission model, and the Fermi-LAT γ-ray data. We found the fractions of the optical depth correction to the H I column density and CO-dark H₂ to be nearly equal. We fitted the CR spectra directly measured at/near the Earth and the measured γ-ray emissivity spectrum simultaneously. We obtained a spectral break in the interstellar proton spectrum at ∼7 GeV, and found that the γ-ray emissivity normalization agrees with the AMS-02 proton spectrum within 10%, relaxing the tension with the CR spectra previously claimed.