2022ApJ...939L..10P

Query : 2022ApJ...939L..10P

2022ApJ...939L..10P - Astrophys. J., 939, L10 (2022/November-1)

Most Planets Might Have More than 5 Myr of Time to Form.

PFALZNER S., DEHGHANI S. and MICHEL A.

Abstract (from CDS):

The lifetime of protoplanetary disks is a crucial parameter for planet formation research. Observations of disk fractions in star clusters imply median disk lifetimes of 1-3 Myr. This very short disk lifetime calls for planet formation to occur extremely rapidly. We show that young, distant clusters (≤5 Myr, >200 pc) often dominate these types of studies. Such clusters frequently suffer from limiting magnitudes leading to an over-representation of high-mass stars. As high-mass stars disperse their disks earlier, the derived disk lifetimes apply best to high-mass stars rather than low-mass stars. Including only nearby clusters (<200 pc) minimizes the effect of limiting magnitude. In this case, the median disk lifetime of low-mass stars is with 5-10 Myr, thus much longer than often claimed. The longer timescales provide planets ample time to form. How high-mass stars form planets so much faster than low-mass stars is the next grand challenges.

Abstract Copyright: © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Planet formation - Young star clusters - Protoplanetary disks - Exoplanets

Simbad objects: 68

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Number of rows : 68
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 Cl Berkeley 59 OpC 00 02 17 +67 26.5           ~ 107 0
2 W 3 MoC 02 27 04.10 +61 52 27.1           ~ 1064 3
3 IC 1805 OpC 02 32 52.1 +61 28 36           ~ 542 1
4 Cl Alessi 13 OpC 03 27 32.7 -35 50 45           ~ 92 0
5 NGC 1333 OpC 03 29 09.2 +31 20 59           ~ 1575 1
6 IC 348 OpC 03 44 31.1 +32 10 02           ~ 1476 1
7 EM* LkHA 101 Em* 04 30 14.4355820328 +35 16 23.983198932   17.91 15.71 13.33   F 376 1
8 NAME Taurus Complex SFR 04 41.0 +25 52           ~ 4971 0
9 NAME 25 Ori Group OpC 05 24 50.9 +01 41 38           ~ 195 1
10 NAME 32 Ori group OpC 05 27 11 +06 16.0           ~ 84 0
11 Ass Ori OB 1b As* 05 34.0 -01 30           ~ 281 0
12 NAME Orion Nebula Cluster OpC 05 35.0 -05 29           ~ 2514 0
13 NAME lam Ori Cloud Cld 05 35 06 +09 56.0           ~ 76 0
14 M 36 OpC 05 36 19.8 +34 08 02   6.09 6.0     ~ 206 2
15 NAME sig Ori Cluster OpC 05 38 42 -02 36.0           ~ 623 0
16 LDN 1641 MoC 05 39.0 -07 00           ~ 502 0
17 NGC 2023 RNe 05 41 37.9 -02 15 52           ~ 657 1
18 NAME Flame Nebula HII 05 41 42.7 -01 54 44           ~ 715 1
19 NGC 2024 Cl* 05 41 43 -01 50.5           ~ 1198 1
20 M 78 RNe 05 46 45.8 +00 04 45   8.0       ~ 397 0
21 NAME LDN 1630N Cl* 05 46 47.0 +00 09 50           ~ 15 1
22 NGC 2071 RNe 05 47 10 +00 18.0           ~ 661 1
23 NAME Orion Molecular Cloud MoC 05 56 -01.8           ~ 1227 1
24 NAME Mon R2 HII 06 07 47.58 -06 22 42.6           ~ 789 2
25 Cl Bochum 1 OpC 06 25 18 +19 46.8   8.08 7.9     ~ 52 1
26 NGC 2244 OpC 06 32 06.9 +04 54 19           ~ 673 1
27 NGC 2264 OpC 06 40 53.7 +09 52 32           ~ 1876 0
28 NGC 2282 RNe 06 46 51 +01 18.9   10       ~ 51 2
29 NGC 2362 OpC 07 18 41.9 -24 57 08           ~ 428 0
30 Ass Vel OB 2 As* 08 09 22.478 -47 21 03.46           ~ 307 0
31 Cl Mamajek 1 OpC 08 42 32.9 -78 57 47           ~ 392 0
32 RCW 36 HII 08 59 00.9 -43 44 10     15.20     ~ 161 0
33 Cl Trumpler 14 OpC 10 43 56.0 -59 33 07   5.70 5.5     ~ 547 0
34 Cl Trumpler 15 OpC 10 44 43.6 -59 22 07           ~ 229 0
35 Cl Trumpler 16 OpC 10 45 01.9 -59 42 00           ~ 510 0
36 NAME TW Hya Association As* 11 01.9 -34 42           ~ 1018 0
37 NAME Cha 1 MoC 11 06 48 -77 18.0           ~ 1266 1
38 NGC 3603 OpC 11 14 57.9 -61 14 32           ~ 1136 1
39 NAME eps Cha Association OpC 11 59 51 -78 12.4           ~ 188 0
40 NAME Lower Centaurus Crux As* 12 19 -57.1           ~ 565 1
41 NAME Cha II MoC 12 54 -77.2           ~ 361 0
42 NAME Upper Centaurus Lupus MGr 15 24 -41.9           ~ 567 1
43 NAME Lupus Complex SFR 16 03 -38.1           ~ 851 0
44 NAME Upper Sco Association As* 16 12 -23.4           ~ 1586 1
45 NAME Ophiuchus Molecular Cloud SFR 16 28 06 -24 32.5           ~ 3969 1
46 NGC 6231 OpC 16 54 14.4 -41 48 53           ~ 562 0
47 Cl Pismis 24 OpC 17 24 43.0 -34 12 23           ~ 130 0
48 NAME Arches Cluster Cl* 17 45 50.5 -28 49 28           ~ 792 0
49 NAME Quintuplet Cluster OpC 17 46 13.9 -28 49 48           ~ 561 0
50 M 8 OpC 18 03 37 -24 23.2           ~ 644 1
51 NGC 6530 OpC 18 04 31 -24 21.5           ~ 443 0
52 M 16 OpC 18 18 45.1 -13 47 31           ~ 1084 1
53 NGC 6618 OpC 18 20 47 -16 10.3           ~ 1700 0
54 NAME Serpens Cloud SFR 18 29 49 +01 14.8           ~ 1195 1
55 NAME Serpens South Cluster Cl* 18 30 03.00 -02 01 58.2           ~ 148 0
56 LBN 028.77+03.43 HII 18 31 26.5 -02 04 22           ~ 255 2
57 NAME Corona Australis Cloud MoC 19 01 51 -36 58.9           ~ 554 0
58 SH 2-106 HII 20 27 26.8 +37 22 49           ~ 453 1
59 Ass Cyg OB 2 As* 20 33.2 +41 19           ~ 1023 0
60 LDN 988 DNe 21 08 41.6 +48 57 12           ~ 33 0
61 IC 1396 OpC 21 38 51.4 +57 31 52           ~ 523 1
62 NGC 7129 OpC 21 43 01.1 +66 07 04     11.5     ~ 271 0
63 NGC 7160 OpC 21 53 44.8 +62 35 33   6.34 6.1     ~ 243 0
64 NAME V454 Cep Cluster OpC 22 53 50.830 +62 35 36.37           ~ 14 0
65 NAME Cepheus A SFR 22 56 17.9 +62 01 49           ~ 760 2
66 [AGK2012] Cep OB3b East Cl* 22 56 49.440 +62 35 36.37           ~ 4 0
67 NAME Cep C SFR 23 05 50.0 +62 30 01           ~ 37 0
68 Ass Ori OB 1a As* ~ ~           ~ 237 0

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