2022ApJ...941..130D

Query : 2022ApJ...941..130D

2022ApJ...941..130D - Astrophys. J., 941, 130 (2022/December-3)

Quantifying the Evidence Against a Mass Gap between Black Holes and Neutron Stars.

DE SA L.M., BERNARDO A., BACHEGA R.R.A., HORVATH J.E., ROCHA L.S. and MORAES P.H.R.S.

Abstract (from CDS):

The lack of objects between 2 and 5 M⊙ in the joint mass distribution of compact objects has been termed the “mass gap,” and attributed mainly to the characteristics of the supernova mechanism precluding their birth. However, recent observations show that a number of candidates reported to lie inside the “gap” may fill it, suggesting instead a paucity that may be real or largely a result of small number statistics. We quantify in this work the individual candidates and evaluate the joint probability of a mass gap. Our results show that an absolute mass gap is not present, to a very high confidence level. It remains to be seen if a relative paucity of objects stands in the future, and how this population can be related to the formation processes, which may include neutron star mergers, the collapse of a neutron star to a black hole, and others.

Abstract Copyright: © 2022. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Compact objects - Black holes - Neutron stars - Astrophysical black holes - Stellar mass black holes

Simbad objects: 120

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Number of rows : 120
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 PSR J0024-72H Psr 00 24 06.686 -72 04 06.74           ~ 64 1
2 PSR J0045-7319 HXB 00 45 35.2606875816 -73 19 03.269105220   15.97 16.18   16.30 B0.5-B2IV-V 193 0
3 GrW 190814 GWE 00 55.8 -27 05           ~ 433 0
4 SK 160 HXB 01 17 05.1457288392 -73 26 36.014808156 12.23 13.00 13.15   13.17 O9.7Ia+ 918 0
5 ChASeM33 J013236.84+303229.0 X 01 32 36.95 +30 32 30.1           ~ 15 0
6 1FGL J0212.3+5319 EB* 02 12 10.4774318712 +53 21 38.778250464   15.213 14.677 14.286   ~ 58 0
7 NAME Chandra Deep Field-South reg 03 32 28.0 -27 48 30           ~ 2282 1
8 PSR J0337+1715 Psr 03 37 43.8210968640 +17 15 14.886499572           ~ 113 0
9 PSR J0348+0432 Psr 03 48 43.6363173480 +04 32 11.461921260           ~ 311 2
10 V* V518 Per HXB 04 21 42.7227473352 +32 54 26.939156184           M4.5V 670 0
11 SWIFT J0428.2-6704A LXB 04 27 49.6119608221 -67 04 35.066804919           ~ 76 1
12 PSR J0437-47 Psr 04 37 15.7994581776 -47 15 08.544351636           DC 1032 0
13 PSR J0453+1559 Psr 04 53 45.41372 +15 59 21.3000           ~ 92 0
14 PSR J0509+3801 Psr 05 09 31.788 +38 01 18.10           ~ 41 0
15 PSR J0514-4002A Psr 05 14 06.6927 -40 02 48.897           ~ 69 1
16 ATO J080.4857+43.9894 RG* 05 21 56.5915534536 +43 59 21.954137964           ~ 42 1
17 X LMC X-4 HXB 05 32 49.5556042296 -66 22 13.202721768   13.9 14.0 14.290   O8III 714 0
18 PSR J0621+10 Psr 06 21 22.11108 +10 02 38.7410           ~ 128 1
19 1A 0620-00 HXB 06 22 44.5423857312 -00 20 44.290460544           K3V-K7V 1144 0
20 V* V723 Mon SB* 06 29 04.6585655472 -05 34 20.230995324   9.18 8.28     G0II 42 0
21 PSR J0737-3039A Psr 07 37 51.24669 -30 39 40.6895           ~ 317 1
22 PSR J0737-3039B Psr 07 37 51.24927 -30 39 40.7195           ~ 222 1
23 PSR J0740+6620 Psr 07 40 45.799 +66 20 33.60           ~ 395 0
24 PSR J0751+1807 Psr 07 51 09.1539 +18 07 38.335           ~ 316 1
25 2FGL J0846.0+2820 gam 08 46 03 +28 20.9           ~ 24 0
26 V* GP Vel HXB 09 02 06.8608812864 -40 33 16.899168060 6.85 7.37 6.87 6.31 6.05 B0.5Ia 1588 0
27 V* V395 Car LXB 09 22 34.6761959832 -63 17 41.355773520 15.40 16.104 15.455     K0III 143 0
28 PSR J0952-0607 Psr 09 52 08.319 -06 07 23.49           ~ 103 0
29 PSR J1012+5307 Psr 10 12 33.4345449600 +53 07 02.548542576     19.5     DA 419 1
30 V* MM Vel HXB 10 13 36.3431303106 -45 04 31.128938218           G5V-M0V 211 1
31 PSR J1023+0038 Psr 10 23 47.6841824712 +00 38 41.005893516     17.31     GV 470 0
32 V* KV UMa HXB 11 18 10.7930420496 +48 02 12.314730120           K5V-M1V 865 0
33 V* V779 Cen HXB 11 21 15.0920532528 -60 37 25.630264596   14.4 12.27     O9III/Veq 1159 0
34 V* GU Mus HXB 11 26 26.5961559600 -68 40 32.877752952           K3V-K7V 734 1
35 PSR J1141-6545 Psr 11 41 07.00060 -65 45 19.0500     25.08 24.38   ~ 207 1
36 PSR J1301+0833 Psr 13 01 38.26 +08 33 57.5           ~ 56 0
37 GrW 170817 GWE 13 09 48.0850 -23 22 53.343           ~ 2683 0
38 PSR J1311-3430 Psr 13 11 45.7292612136 -34 30 30.294149760   21.0   18.8   ~ 181 1
39 V* BW Cir HXB 13 58 09.7227337579 -64 44 05.257858491           ~ 256 0
40 2FGL J1417.5-4404 LXB 14 17 16.80 -44 04 40.5           ~ 58 0
41 PSR J1518+0204B Psr 15 18 31.458 +02 05 15.47           ~ 46 1
42 EQ B1534+12 * 15 37 09.9603 +11 55 55.554           ~ 3 1
43 PSR B1534+11 Psr 15 37 09.9603 +11 55 55.554           ~ 453 1
44 V* QV Nor HXB 15 42 23.3633146128 -52 23 09.577395960   16.3 14.5     B0.2Ia 455 1
45 V* IL Lup HXB 15 47 08.2768672752 -47 40 10.284587760         15.624 ~ 532 1
46 V* V381 Nor HXB 15 50 58.6637920704 -56 28 35.258385000           K3III 1254 0
47 PSR J1600-3053 Psr 16 00 51.902514 -30 53 49.45343           ~ 218 0
48 V* QX Nor LXB 16 12 43.0 -52 25 26           ~ 946 1
49 PSR J1614-2230 Psr 16 14 36.50974 -22 30 31.5420           ~ 452 1
50 [GHJ2008] 3 HXB 16 50 00.980 -49 57 43.60           K4V 422 0
51 V* V1033 Sco HXB 16 54 00.1423963019 -39 50 44.761701340       16.14   F3-6IV 1980 0
52 V* HZ Her LXB 16 57 49.8110126616 +35 20 32.486555472 11.90 14.89 13.63 13.88   B3/6ep 2172 0
53 2MASS J17004888-4139214 HXB 17 00 48.884 -41 39 21.46           Ofpe/WN9 272 0
54 V* V821 Ara LXB 17 02 49.3876391280 -48 47 23.087954544         15.322 ~ 2237 0
55 HD 153919 HXB 17 03 56.7725629224 -37 50 38.913331452 6.06 6.78 6.51 6.08 5.90 O6Iafcp 851 0
56 X Ara X-1 LXB 17 06 15.2 -43 02 11           ~ 296 1
57 V* V2107 Oph HXB 17 08 14.5085716774 -25 05 30.159687978           K3V-K7V 235 0
58 PSR J1713+0747 Psr 17 13 49.5367813 +07 47 37.450240           ~ 530 1
59 PSR J1723-2837 Psr 17 23 23.1937506912 -28 37 57.210408048   16.81 15.77 15.71   ~ 105 0
60 2MASS J17251139-3616575 HXB 17 25 11.392 -36 16 57.53     14.30     B0-1Ia 140 2
61 4U 1722-30 LXB 17 27 33.25 -30 48 07.4     12.50     ~ 278 1
62 KS 1731-260 LXB 17 34 13.46 -26 05 18.6       22.8 20.9 ~ 437 0
63 PSR J1738+0333 Psr 17 38 53.966386 +03 33 10.87200           ~ 191 1
64 PSR J1741+1351 Psr 17 41 31.1499024 +13 51 44.279709           ~ 122 0
65 2E 3938 HXB 17 43 54.7 -29 44 44           ~ 693 1
66 PSR J1748-2446am Psr 17 48 04.8235 -24 46 47.210           ~ 6 0
67 PSR J1748-2446I Psr 17 48 04.870 -24 46 46.48           ~ 37 0
68 PSR J1748-2446J Psr 17 48 04.9 -24 46 45           ~ 30 0
69 NAME TER 5 X-1 LXB 17 48 05.225 -24 46 47.66           ~ 229 1
70 [PLV2002] CX1 LXB 17 48 52.163 -20 21 32.40           ~ 213 1
71 PSR J1748-2021B Psr 17 48 52.95290 -20 21 38.8600           ~ 34 0
72 PSR J1750-3703A Psr 17 50 13.8016 -37 03 10.950           ~ 14 1
73 OGLE-2011-BLG-0462 * 17 51 40.150 -29 53 26.15           ~ 41 0
74 PSR J1756-2251 Psr 17 56 46.63 -22 51 59.4           ~ 153 1
75 PSR J1757-1854 Psr 17 57 03.78438 -18 54 03.3760           ~ 67 0
76 PSR J1802-2124 Psr 18 02 05.334393 -21 24 03.67600           ~ 101 1
77 SAX J1802.7-2017 HXB 18 02 41.9407199832 -20 17 17.312648064   17.4 16.4     B1Ib 100 0
78 PSR J1802-07 Psr 18 04 49.8954 -07 35 24.690     12.33     ~ 101 2
79 PSR J1807-2500B Psr 18 07 20.871209 -25 00 01.91500           ~ 64 0
80 PSR J1811-2405 Psr 18 11 19.854352 -24 05 18.42800           ~ 56 1
81 V* V4641 Sgr HXB 18 19 21.6343259256 -25 24 25.849595952     13.654 13.479 13.139 B9III 530 0
82 X Sgr X-4 LXB 18 23 40.57 -30 21 40.6   19.06 18.81     ~ 1056 1
83 V* V691 CrA LXB 18 25 46.8185061768 -37 06 18.529336656 14.30 15.20 15.1     ~ 461 0
84 XTE J1855-026 HXB 18 55 30.4058947392 -02 36 16.737653700   16.451 14.512 14.056   B0Iaep 104 0
85 PSR B1855+09 Psr 18 57 36.390620 +09 43 17.20712           DA 569 1
86 PSR J1903+0327 Psr 19 03 05.7937 +03 27 19.222           ~ 187 1
87 PSR J1906+0749 Psr 19 06 48.67 +07 46 28.6           ~ 172 1
88 PSR J1909-3744 Psr 19 09 47.42820 -37 44 14.7740           ~ 343 2
89 PSR J1910-5959A Psr 19 11 42.7562 -59 58 26.900 22.02 22.13 22.03     DA5 99 1
90 Granat 1915+105 HXB 19 15 11.55576 +10 56 44.9052           ~ 2810 0
91 PSR J1915+1606 Psr 19 15 27.99999 +16 06 27.4034     22.5     ~ 1032 1
92 PSR J1918-0642 Psr 19 18 48.027685 -06 42 34.95735           ~ 146 0
93 PSR J1946+3417 Psr 19 46 25.13182 +34 17 14.6770           ~ 64 0
94 PSR J1949+3106 Psr 19 49 29.63851 +31 06 03.8289           ~ 42 0
95 PSR J1950+2414 Psr 19 50 45.06390 +24 14 56.9638           ~ 34 0
96 PSR J1959+2048 Psr 19 59 36.7643141520 +20 48 14.896407996   21.08 20.16 19.53 18.79 G: 854 3
97 V* QZ Vul HXB 20 02 49.5220407111 +25 14 10.631666444           K3V-K6V 432 0
98 V* V404 Cyg HXB 20 24 03.8247037434 +33 52 01.961154861           G9/K0III/V 1370 0
99 PSR J2039-5617 Psr 20 39 34.9609502672 -56 17 09.033104197           ~ 84 0
100 PSR J2043+1711 Psr 20 43 20.8828 +17 11 28.941           ~ 129 1
101 PSR J2045+3633 Psr 20 45 01.50504 +36 33 01.4033           ~ 18 0
102 PSR J2053+4650 Psr 20 53 52.62804 +46 50 51.7181           ~ 17 0
103 V* LZ Aqr LXB 21 23 14.54 -05 47 52.9 15.90 16.78 16.8     ~ 154 0
104 PSR J2129-04 Psr 21 29 45.0469239408 -04 29 06.973600236     16.68     ~ 100 0
105 PSR J2129+1209C Psr 21 30 01.2030 +12 10 38.159           ~ 215 2
106 V* V1341 Cyg LXB 21 44 41.1544345272 +38 19 17.066570988 15.00 15.13 14.68 15.00   A9III 1229 1
107 PSR J2215+51 Psr 22 15 32.6869149432 +51 35 36.400854912           ~ 176 0
108 PSR J2222-0137 Psr 22 22 06.00015 -01 37 15.7827           ~ 78 0
109 PSR J2234+06 Psr 22 34 22 +06 11.0           ~ 76 0
110 PSR J2305+4707 Psr 23 05 55.842 +47 07 45.32           ~ 227 1
111 PSR J2339-0533 Psr 23 39 38.7412778376 -05 33 05.108592528     18.48     ~ 149 0
112 GrW 200115 GWE ~ ~           ~ 160 0
113 GrW 190924 021846 GWE ~ ~           ~ 50 0
114 GrW 191113 071753 GWE ~ ~           ~ 15 0
115 GrW 190917 GWE ~ ~           ~ 23 0
116 GrW 190930A GWE ~ ~           ~ 5 0
117 GrW 200210 092254 GWE ~ ~           ~ 51 0
118 GrW 190725 174728 GWE ~ ~           ~ 23 0
119 GRB 190425 GWE ~ ~           ~ 438 0
120 GrW 200316 215756 GWE ~ ~           ~ 34 0

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