2022MNRAS.509..974G

We present a multiwavelength characterization of the planetary nebula (PN) NGC 6905 and its [Wolf-Rayet]-type ([WR]) central star (CSPN) HD 193949. Our Nordic Optical Telescope Alhambra Faint Object Spectrograph and Camera (ALFOSC) spectra and images unveil in unprecedented detail the high-ionization structure of NGC 6905. The high-quality spectra of HD 193949 allowed us to detect more than 20 WR features including the characteristic O-bump, blue bump, and red bump, which suggests a spectral type no later than a [WO2]-subtype. Moreover we detect the Ne VII and Ne VIII broad emission lines, rendering HD 193949 yet another CSPN with T_eff <= 150 kK exhibiting such stellar emission lines. We studied the physical properties (T_e and n_e) and chemical abundances of different regions within NGC 6905 including its low-ionization clumps; abundances are found to be homogeneous. We used the PoWR stellar atmosphere code to model the spectrum of HD 193949, which is afterwards used in a photoionization model performed with CLOUDY that reproduces the nebular and dust properties for a total mass in the 0.31-0.47 M_☉ range and a mass of C-rich dust of ∼2 x 10^–3 M_☉. Adopting a current stellar mass of 0.6 M_☉, our model suggests an initial mass ∼1 M_☉ for HD 193949, consistent with the observations.