2022MNRAS.510.3531B

Query : 2022MNRAS.510.3531B

2022MNRAS.510.3531B - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 510, 3531-3545 (2022/March-1)

Stellar mass segregation as separating classifier between globular clusters and ultrafaint dwarf galaxies.

BAUMGARDT H., FALLER J., MEINHOLD N., McGOVERN-GRECO C. and HILKER M.

Abstract (from CDS):

We have determined the amount of stellar mass segregation in over 50 globular clusters and ultrafaint dwarf galaxy candidates based on deep HST- and ground-based photometry. We find that the amount of mass segregation in globular clusters is strongly correlated with their relaxation time and that all clusters with relaxation times of the order of their ages or longer have little to no mass segregation. For each cluster, the amount of mass segregation seen is fully compatible with the amount expected by dynamical evolution from initially unsegregated clusters, showing that globular clusters formed without primordial mass segregation among their low-mass stars. Ultrafaint dwarf galaxy candidates split into two groups, star clusters which follow the same trend between relaxation time and amount of mass segregation as globular clusters and dark-matter dominated dwarf galaxies that are unsegregated despite having relaxation times smaller than a Hubble time. Stellar abundance and velocity dispersion data, where available, confirm our classification. After classification of the ultrafaint dwarf galaxy candidates, we find that outer halo star clusters have average densities inside their half-light radii of 0.03 <= ρh <= 1 M☉ pc–3, while dwarf galaxies have stellar densities of 0.001 <= ρh <= 0.03 M☉ pc–3. The reason for this separation in density is most likely a combination of the initial conditions by which the systems formed and the requirement to withstand external tidal forces.

Abstract Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): globular clusters: general - galaxies: dwarf

CDS comments: DES 1 is DES J0034-4902 in SIMBAD.

Simbad objects: 66

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Number of rows : 66
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 [LQS2016] DES J0034-4902 GlC 00 33 59.60 -49 02 19.8           ~ 18 0
2 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
3 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
4 NAME Cetus II G 01 17.9 -17 25           ~ 56 0
5 NAME Whiting 1 GlC 02 02 56.8 -03 15 10           ~ 177 0
6 NAME Tri II G 02 13 17.40 +36 10 42.4           ~ 164 0
7 NAME Segue 2 G 02 19 16.0 +20 10 31     15.2     ~ 299 0
8 NAME Eri III G 02 22 45.480 -52 17 04.92           ~ 79 0
9 NAME Hor I G 02 55 31.7 -54 07 08           ~ 169 0
10 NGC 1261 GlC 03 12 16.21 -55 12 58.4     8.63     ~ 579 0
11 NAME Horologium II G 03 16 32.1 -50 01 05           ~ 76 0
12 Cl Pal 1 GlC 03 33 20.04 +79 34 51.8   17.2       ~ 267 1
13 NAME Reticulum II G 03 35 42.1 -54 02 57           ~ 375 0
14 NAME Reticulum III G 03 45.4 -60 27           ~ 67 0
15 NAME E 1 GlC 03 55 02.5 -49 36 52           ~ 229 0
16 NAME Eridanus Star Cluster GlC 04 24 44.5 -21 11 13           ~ 192 1
17 NAME Pic I G 04 43 47.4 -50 16 59           ~ 58 0
18 Cl Pal 2 GlC 04 46 05.79720 +31 22 51.0170           ~ 202 0
19 NGC 2419 GlC 07 38 08.51 +38 52 54.9     10.05     ~ 998 0
20 Koposov 2 GlC 07 58 17.00 +26 15 19.4           ~ 85 1
21 NAME Pyxis Cluster GlC 09 07 57.80 -37 13 17.0           ~ 123 0
22 NAME Antlia II Dwarf Galaxy G 09 35 32.8 -36 46 02           ~ 109 0
23 NAME Sextans C GlC 10 05 30.96 +00 04 15.4   15.5 13.9     ~ 354 1
24 NAME Segue 1 G 10 07 03.2 +16 04 25     15.3     ~ 517 1
25 NAME Willman 1 G 10 49 21.0 +51 03 00     15.2     ~ 345 0
26 GCl 17 GlC 11 29 16.80 +28 58 25.0   14.4       ~ 379 1
27 NAME Crater Cluster GlC 11 36 16.20 -10 52 38.8           ~ 117 1
28 NAME Crater II Dwarf Galaxy G 11 49 14 -18 24.8           ~ 176 0
29 Koposov 1 GlC 11 59 18.40 +12 15 35.8           ~ 81 0
30 NAME Vir I Dwarf Galaxy LSB 12 00 09.6 -00 40 48           ~ 40 0
31 NGC 4147 GlC 12 10 06.149 +18 32 31.78   11.45 10.74     ~ 616 0
32 Cl Ruprecht 106 GlC 12 38 40.20 -51 09 01.0           ~ 413 0
33 NGC 5053 GlC 13 16 27.09 +17 42 00.9     9.96     ~ 675 0
34 NGC 5139 GlC 13 26 47.28 -47 28 46.1           ~ 3677 0
35 C 1353-269 GlC 13 56 21.702 -27 10 03.00           ~ 146 0
36 NAME Bootes II G 13 58 00.0 +12 51 00     15.4     ~ 269 0
37 NGC 5466 GlC 14 05 27.29 +28 32 04.0     9.70     ~ 887 0
38 NAME Munoz 1 Cl* 15 01 48.02 +66 58 07.3           ~ 29 0
39 Cl Pal 5 GlC 15 16 05.30 -00 06 41.0   15.1       ~ 797 1
40 NGC 5897 GlC 15 17 24.40 -21 00 36.4   10.16 8.52     ~ 424 0
41 NAME Bootes IV LSB 15 34 45 +43 43.6           ~ 24 0
42 NAME Draco II Gl? 15 52 47.6 +64 33 55           ~ 138 0
43 GCl 38 GlC 16 10 59.00 +14 57 42.0           ~ 399 0
44 M 4 GlC 16 23 35.22 -26 31 32.7           ~ 1978 0
45 GCl 50 GlC 16 59 51.1 -00 32 00   15.70       ~ 224 1
46 NGC 6426 GlC 17 44 54.71 +03 10 12.5           ~ 244 0
47 M 54 GlC 18 55 03.33 -30 28 47.5           ~ 1164 0
48 NAME SDG G 18 55 19.0 -30 32 43   4.5 3.6     ~ 2438 2
49 Cl Terzan 7 GlC 19 17 43.92 -34 39 27.8           ~ 460 0
50 Cl Terzan 8 GlC 19 41 44.41 -33 59 58.1     11.54     ~ 357 0
51 NAME Sagittarius II Gl? 19 52 40.5 -22 04 05           ~ 97 0
52 NGC 7006 GlC 21 01 29.465 +16 11 16.49     10.46     ~ 562 0
53 NAME Laevens 3 GlC 21 06 54.3 +14 58 48           ~ 43 0
54 NAME Indus I Cl* 21 08 49.970 -51 09 48.60           ~ 68 0
55 NAME Segue 3 Cl* 21 21 31.0 +19 07 02           ~ 75 0
56 Cl Pal 12 GlC 21 46 38.84 -21 15 09.4     11.89     ~ 548 0
57 NAME Gru II G 22 04.1 -46 26           ~ 110 0
58 NAME Balbinot 1 Cl* 22 10 42.819 +14 56 49.03           ~ 29 0
59 NAME Kim 1 Cl* 22 11 41.30 +07 01 31.8           ~ 31 0
60 NAME Pegasus III LSB 22 24 22.6 +05 25 12           ~ 69 0
61 NAME Grus I G 22 56 42.4 -50 09 48           ~ 126 0
62 GCl 124 GlC 23 06 44.48 +12 46 19.2   15.6       ~ 307 1
63 NGC 7492 GlC 23 08 26.68 -15 36 41.3     10.48     ~ 330 0
64 NAME Tuc V G 23 37.4 -63 16           ~ 84 0
65 NAME Phe II G 23 39 59.4 -54 24 22           ~ 107 0
66 NAME Tuc III G 23 56.6 -59 36           ~ 229 0

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