2022MNRAS.510.4998Z

Query : 2022MNRAS.510.4998Z

2022MNRAS.510.4998Z - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 510, 4998-5008 (2022/March-2)

ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions - IV. Radio recombination lines and evolution of star formation efficiencies.

ZHANG C., EVANS N.J., LIU T., WU J.-W., WANG K., LIU H.-L., ZHU F.-Y., REN Z.-Y., DEWANGAN L.K., LEE C.W., LI S., BRONFMAN L., TEJ A. and LI D.

Abstract (from CDS):

We report the detection of radio recombination line (RRL) H40α towards 75 sources, with data obtained from ACA (Atacama Compact 7 m Array) observations in the ATOMS (ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions) survey of 146 active Galactic star-forming regions. We calculated ionized gas mass and star formation rate (SFR) with H40α line emission. The mass of ionized gas is significantly smaller than molecular gas mass, indicating that ionized gas is negligible in the star-forming clumps of the ATOMS sample. The SFR estimated with RRL H40α agrees well with that calculated with the total bolometric luminosity (Lbol) when SFR >= 5 M☉ Myr–1, suggesting that millimetre RRLs could well sample the upper part of the initial mass function and thus be good tracers of SFR. We also study the relationships between Lbol and the molecular line luminosities (L′mol) of CS J = 2-1 and HC3N J = 11-10 for all the 146 ATOMS sources. The L_ bol_ - L′mol correlations of both the CS J = 2-1 and HC3N J = 11-10 lines appear approximately linear and these transitions have success in predicting Lbol similar to that of more commonly used transitions. The Lbol-to-L′mol ratios or SFR-to-mass ratios (star formation efficiency) do not change with galactocentric distances (RGC). Sources with H40α emission (or H II regions) show higher Lbol-to-L′mol ratios than those without H40α emission, which may be an evolutionary effect.

Abstract Copyright: © 2021 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): stars: formation - ISM: clouds - H ii regions - radio lines: ISM

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/MNRAS/510/4998): table2.dat table3.dat table4.dat table5.dat table7.dat>

Simbad objects: 147

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Number of rows : 147
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 CG 30 CGb 08 09 32.8 -36 05 00           ~ 136 0
2 IRAS 08303-4303 HII 08 32 07.5 -43 13 46           ~ 26 0
3 IRAS 08448-4343 cor 08 46 33.8 -43 54 33           ~ 73 1
4 IRAS 08470-4243 mul 08 48 47.7 -42 54 22           ~ 14 0
5 GAL 268.4-00.9 HII 09 01 54.3 -47 43 59           ~ 55 1
6 IRAS 09018-4816 HII 09 03 32.8 -48 28 40           ~ 28 0
7 [BNM96] 269.854-0.063 HII 09 11 08.7201957216 -48 16 01.457491980           ~ 12 0
8 2MASS J10383046-5819007 Y*? 10 38 30.46 -58 19 00.8           ~ 25 0
9 IRAS 11298-6155 HII 11 32 06.1 -62 12 22           ~ 21 0
10 IRAS 11332-6258 HII 11 35 31.9 -63 14 51           ~ 35 0
11 NAME BHR 71 MM HII 12 01 37.1 -65 08 54           ~ 47 0
12 GUM 43 HII 12 34 54.4 -61 39 25           ~ 61 1
13 IRAS 12326-6245 HII 12 35 35.184 -63 02 29.40           ~ 55 0
14 IRAS 12383-6128 cor 12 41 18.36913 -61 44 42.7240           ~ 31 0
15 IRAS 12572-6316 HII 13 00 25.0 -63 32 34           ~ 11 0
16 GAL 305.20+00.21 HII 13 11 11.7 -62 34 44           ~ 38 0
17 IRAS 13080-6229 HII 13 11 17.9 -62 45 55           ~ 25 0
18 IRAS 13111-6228 Y*O 13 14 26.35247 -62 44 30.9950           ~ 30 0
19 IRAS 13134-6242 mul 13 16 42.9 -62 58 45           ~ 39 0
20 IRAS 13140-6226 HII 13 17 17.7 -62 42 46           ~ 16 0
21 MSX6C G307.6138-00.2559 HII 13 32 31.104 -62 45 13.68           ~ 20 0
22 IRAS 13291-6249 HII 13 32 31.152 -63 05 21.12           ~ 29 1
23 IRAS 13295-6152 HII 13 32 53.2 -62 07 39           ~ 10 0
24 IRAS 13471-6120 cor 13 50 41.810 -61 35 10.67           ~ 65 0
25 IRAS 13484-6100 cor 13 51 58.17624 -61 15 43.4016           ~ 52 0
26 GAL 311.63+00.27 HII 14 04 58.1 -61 21 14           ~ 25 0
27 PHR J1408-6106 PN 14 08 51.7 -61 06 27           ~ 43 2
28 IRAS 14164-6028 HII 14 20 08.5 -60 41 58           ~ 14 0
29 IRAS 14206-6151 HII 14 24 24.63 -62 05 45.3           ~ 15 0
30 IRAS 14212-6131 HII 14 25 01.51896 -61 44 57.5916           ~ 24 0
31 [BNM96] 316.139-0.503 HII 14 42 01.8038893992 -60 30 09.662138316           ~ 29 0
32 IRAS 14453-5912 HII 14 49 07.1 -59 24 52           ~ 20 0
33 IRAS 14498-5856 HII 14 53 42.324 -59 08 57.44           ~ 38 0
34 [CAB2011] G321.09-0.54 HII 15 16 10.8 -58 12 15           ~ 21 0
35 IRAS 15254-5621 Y*? 15 29 19.33 -56 31 22.8           ~ 108 0
36 IRAS 15290-5546 HII 15 32 52.654 -55 56 10.63           ~ 24 0
37 IRAS 15384-5348 HII 15 42 17.787 -53 58 30.88           ~ 41 1
38 IRAS 15394-5358 Y*O 15 43 18.97320 -54 07 35.6448           ~ 40 0
39 [DBS2003] 95 HII 15 44 42.8 -54 05 56           ~ 61 0
40 IRAS 15411-5352 HII 15 44 59.448 -54 02 13.92           ~ 41 2
41 IRAS 15437-5343 Y*O 15 47 32.73 -53 52 38.4           ~ 68 0
42 [MHL2007] G326.4719-00.3777 1 Y*? 15 47 49.800 -54 58 34.32           ~ 19 0
43 IRAS 15502-5302 HII 15 54 07.2 -53 11 20           ~ 51 0
44 IRAS 15520-5234 HII 15 55 48.336 -52 43 10.20           ~ 59 1
45 IRAS 15522-5411 HII 15 56 06.1 -54 19 46           ~ 16 0
46 IRAS 15557-5215 HII 15 59 36.3 -52 23 46           ~ 17 0
47 IRAS 15567-5236 HII 16 00 32.9 -52 44 45           ~ 35 0
48 IRAS 15570-5227 HII 16 00 55.822 -52 36 23.15           ~ 14 0
49 MSX6C G329.4211-00.1631 HII 16 02 19.0 -52 55 31           ~ 22 0
50 IRAS 15596-5301 HII 16 03 31.800 -53 09 24.48           ~ 33 0
51 IRAS 16026-5035 HII 16 06 24.8 -50 43 26           ~ 19 0
52 IRAS 16037-5223 HII 16 07 38.064 -52 31 03.72           ~ 21 0
53 IRAS 16060-5146 HII 16 09 52.776 -51 54 52.20           ~ 44 0
54 IRAS 16065-5158 HII 16 10 21.8 -52 06 04           ~ 39 0
55 IRAS 16071-5142 HII 16 11 00 -51 50.3           ~ 40 0
56 GAL 331.28-00.19 HII 16 11 26.6 -51 41 57           ~ 56 0
57 IRAS 16119-5048 HII 16 15 45.864 -50 56 02.40           ~ 21 0
58 IRAS 16132-5039 HII 16 17 01.7 -50 47 09           ~ 26 0
59 GAL 332.66-00.61 bub 16 19 45.3 -51 02 48           ~ 42 0
60 IRAS 16164-5046 HII 16 20 14.1 -50 53 20           ~ 43 0
61 IRAS 16172-5028 HII 16 21 00.4 -50 35 21           ~ 50 0
62 IRAS 16177-5018 HII 16 21 31.4 -50 25 04           ~ 36 0
63 IRAS 16272-4837 HII 16 30 59.2 -48 43 48           ~ 42 0
64 IRAS 16297-4757 HII 16 33 30.3 -48 03 46           ~ 20 0
65 IRAS 16304-4710 HII 16 34 05.5 -47 16 33           ~ 10 0
66 IRAS 16313-4729 HII 16 35 01.2 -47 36 03           ~ 18 1
67 GAL 336.99-00.03 HII 16 35 32.7 -47 31 04           ~ 22 1
68 [CAB2011] G337.15-0.16 HII 16 36 43.0 -47 31 29           ~ 22 0
69 IRAS 16344-4658 HII 16 38 10.7 -47 04 54           ~ 20 1
70 IRAS 16348-4654 HII 16 38 30.901 -47 00 46.20           ~ 17 1
71 IRAS 16351-4722 HII 16 38 52.032 -47 28 11.28           ~ 37 0
72 [BNM96] 338.065-0.069 HII 16 39 57.9111582096 -46 45 06.355800504           ~ 11 0
73 IRAS 16372-4545 HII 16 40 55.5 -45 50 56           ~ 10 1
74 IRAS 16385-4619 HII 16 42 14.3 -46 25 28           ~ 15 1
75 OH 339.6-00.1 Y*O 16 46 05.99 -45 36 43.3           ~ 86 0
76 IRAS 16445-4459 HII 16 48 05.2 -45 05 09           ~ 39 0
77 IRAS 16458-4512 HII 16 49 30.144 -45 17 48.48           ~ 25 1
78 OH 339.88-01.26 Y*O 16 52 04.6776 -46 08 34.404           ~ 119 1
79 [JD2012] G341.211-00.233 HII 16 52 22 -44 28.0           ~ 16 0
80 IRAS 16489-4431 AB? 16 52 37.22305 -44 36 19.3858           ~ 16 0
81 IRAS 16506-4512 HII 16 54 17.5 -45 17 34           ~ 22 0
82 IRAS 16524-4300 HII 16 56 01.4 -43 04 45           ~ 18 1
83 IRAS 16547-4247 Y*O 16 58 17.208 -42 52 08.16           ~ 187 0
84 IRAS 16562-3959 SFR 16 59 42.257 -40 03 45.17           ~ 77 0
85 [DBS2003] 113 Cl* 17 00 35.5 -40 33 31           ~ 39 0
86 IRAS 17006-4215 HII 17 04 12.669 -42 19 53.13           ~ 23 1
87 IRAS 17008-4040 HII 17 04 20.5 -40 44 26           ~ 36 0
88 IRAS 17016-4124 SFR 17 05 11.160 -41 29 06.00           ~ 75 0
89 GM 1-24 HII 17 17 04.0 -36 21 14           ~ 61 0
90 IRAS 17143-3700 HII 17 17 45.6 -37 03 28           ~ 20 0
91 [BNM96] 348.534-0.973 HII 17 19 15.5121468936 -39 04 32.503145160           ~ 25 1
92 GAL 350.10+00.09 HII 17 19 26.1 -37 10 54           ~ 43 0
93 NAME NGC 6334F (C) HII 17 20 53.45 -35 47 02.6           ~ 244 1
94 IRAS 17204-3636 HII 17 23 49.8 -36 38 47           ~ 20 0
95 GAL 351.58-00.35 HII 17 25 25.2 -36 12 46           ~ 40 0
96 IRAS 17233-3606 HII 17 26 42.8 -36 09 17           ~ 98 0
97 IRAS 17244-3536 HII 17 27 48.5 -35 39 10           ~ 15 0
98 IRAS 17258-3637 HII 17 29 16.7 -36 40 13           ~ 60 0
99 IRAS 17269-3312 Y*O 17 30 14.072 -33 14 13.42           ~ 17 0
100 GAL 353.41-00.36 HII 17 30 26.2 -34 41 45           ~ 54 1
101 IRAS 17278-3541 HII 17 31 13.8 -35 44 10           ~ 33 0
102 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
103 IRAS 17439-2845 HII 17 47 08.6 -28 46 18           ~ 91 1
104 IRAS 17441-2822 HII 17 47 20.224 -28 23 04.13           ~ 35 1
105 NAME Sgr D HII HII 17 48 41.79 -28 01 41.3           ~ 69 1
106 GAL 005.63+00.24 Y*O 17 57 33.34 -23 58 22.3           ~ 26 0
107 IRAS 17589-2312 HII 18 01 57.1 -23 12 37           ~ 28 0
108 GAL 008.14+00.23 HII 18 03 00.4 -21 48 05           ~ 48 0
109 GAL 009.62+00.19 HII 18 06 13.9 -20 31 44           ~ 226 0
110 GAL 010.46+00.03 HII 18 08 35.5 -19 52 09           ~ 59 0
111 TYC 6276-1664-1 * 18 10 33.2386149792 -20 40 14.045444256   12.30 12.13     ~ 9 0
112 AGAL G012.418+00.506 cor 18 10 51.09792 -17 55 49.6272           ~ 74 0
113 GAL 012.89+00.49 HII 18 11 51.3 -17 31 29           ~ 217 0
114 CORNISH G011.9368-00.6158 HII 18 14 01.0 -18 53 23           ~ 88 1
115 GAL 013.875+00.28 HII 18 14 35.2 -16 45 21           ~ 99 0
116 W 33a Y*O 18 14 39.56547 -17 52 02.2260           ~ 746 0
117 IRAS 18134-1942 HII 18 16 22.1327 -19 41 27.219           ~ 72 0
118 IRAS 18139-1842 Y*O 18 16 53.1 -18 41 40           ~ 22 0
119 GAL 014.33-00.64 HII 18 18 53.5 -16 47 39           ~ 75 0
120 EGO G016.59-0.05 HII 18 21 07.9 -14 31 53           ~ 129 0
121 IRAS 18223-1243 Y*O 18 25 10.9307288448 -12 42 15.754722912           ~ 67 1
122 IRAS 18228-1312 HII 18 25 42.2 -13 10 20           ~ 43 1
123 GAL 019.36-00.02 HII 18 26 24.3 -12 03 47           ~ 39 0
124 MMB G019.884-00.534 cor 18 29 14.37 -11 50 23.0           ~ 119 1
125 GAL 022.357+00.066 HII 18 31 44.9 -09 22 09           ~ 55 0
126 RAFGL 5502 SFR 18 33 30.399 -05 01 02.73           ~ 26 0
127 IRAS 18311-0809 HII 18 33 53.5 -08 07 26           ~ 31 0
128 IRAS 18314-0720 HII 18 34 09.3 -07 18 00           ~ 34 0
129 RAFGL 7009S HII 18 34 20.911 -05 59 42.23           ~ 231 0
130 RAFGL 2194 Y*O 18 34 25.18 -07 54 46.1           ~ 33 1
131 IRAS 18317-0513 HII 18 34 25.62000 -05 10 50.3400           ~ 32 0
132 GAL 024.68-00.16 bub 18 36 53 -07 24.7           ~ 32 0
133 IRAS 18411-0338 Y*O 18 43 46.2233 -03 35 29.846           ~ 25 0
134 CORNISH G029.9559-00.0168 Y*O 18 46 04.18 -02 39 21.3           ~ 385 0
135 IRAS 18440-0148 cor 18 46 36.56 -01 45 21.2           ~ 65 0
136 IRAS 18445-0222 HII 18 47 10.6 -02 19 08           ~ 31 0
137 IRAS 18461-0113 HII 18 48 42.0 -01 10 12           ~ 17 0
138 GAL 031.40-00.26 HII 18 49 33.04 -01 29 03.7           ~ 53 0
139 RAFGL 5536 HII 18 50 30.8 -00 01 59           ~ 48 0
140 RAFGL 5541 Y*O 18 52 50.26 +00 55 29.6           ~ 122 1
141 GAL 034.4+00.23 HII 18 53 17.4 +01 24 55           ~ 93 1
142 RAFGL 2271 SFR 18 53 18.54 +01 14 57.9           ~ 537 0
143 IRAS 18517+0437 SFR 18 54 13.8 +04 41 32           ~ 89 0
144 IRAS 18530+0215 cor 18 55 33.7 +02 19 09           ~ 43 0
145 IRAS 19078+0901 HII 19 10 15.6 +09 06 05           ~ 44 0
146 IRAS 19095+0930 cor 19 11 54.09216 +09 35 49.6896           ~ 115 0
147 GAL 043.18-00.52 HII 19 12 23.19 +08 32 12.2           ~ 43 0

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