2022MNRAS.511.3463Q

Query : 2022MNRAS.511.3463Q

2022MNRAS.511.3463Q - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 511, 3463-3476 (2022/April-2)

ATOMS: ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions - VIII. A search for hot cores by using C2H5CN, CH3OCHO, and CH3OH lines.

QIN S.-L., LIU T., LIU X., GOLDSMITH P.F., LI D., ZHANG Q., LIU H.-L., WU Y., BRONFMAN L., JUVELA M., LEE C.W., GARAY G., ZHANG Y., HE J., HSU S.-Y., SHEN Z.-Q., LEE J.-E., WANG K., TANG N., TANG M., ZHANG C., YUE Y., XUE Q., LI S., PENG Y., DUTTA S., GE J., XU F., CHEN L.-F., BAUG T., DEWANGAN L. and TEJ A.

Abstract (from CDS):

Hot cores characterized by rich lines of complex organic molecules are considered as ideal sites for investigating the physical and chemical environments of massive star formation. We present a search for hot cores by using typical nitrogen- and oxygen-bearing complex organic molecules (C2H5CN, CH3OCHO, and CH3OH), based on ALMA Three-millimeter Observations of Massive Star-forming regions (ATOMS). The angular resolutions and line sensitivities of the ALMA observations are better than 2 arcsec and 10 mJy beam–1, respectively. A total of 60 hot cores are identified with 45 being newly detected, in which the complex organic molecules have high gas temperatures (> 100 K) and hot cores have small source sizes (< 0.1 pc). So far, this is the largest sample of hot cores observed with similar angular resolution and spectral coverage. The observations have also shown nitrogen and oxygen differentiation in both line emission and gas distribution in 29 hot cores. Column densities of CH3OH and CH3OCHO increase as rotation temperatures rise. The column density of CH3OCHO correlates tightly with that of CH3OH. The pathways for production of different species are discussed. Based on the spatial position difference between hot cores and ultracompact H II (UC H II) regions, we conclude that 24 hot cores are externally heated, while the other hot cores are internally heated. The observations presented here will potentially help establish a hot core template for studying massive star formation and astrochemistry.

Abstract Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): astrochemistry - stars: formation - ISM: molecules

Nomenclature: Table 1: [QLL2022] IHHMMm+DDMM N=45, [QLL2022] IHHMMm+DDMMcN N=15.

Simbad objects: 115

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Number of rows : 115
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME W 3 OH HII 02 27 04.1 +61 52 22           ~ 1064 2
2 NAME Orion-KL SFR 05 35 14.16 -05 22 21.5           ~ 2421 1
3 IRAS 08303-4303 HII 08 32 07.5 -43 13 46           ~ 26 0
4 [QLL2022] I08303-4303 cor 08 32 08.680 -43 13 45.78           ~ 2 0
5 IRAS 08470-4243 mul 08 48 47.7 -42 54 22           ~ 14 0
6 [QLL2022] I08470-4243 cor 08 48 47.790 -42 54 27.90           ~ 2 0
7 IRAS 09018-4816 HII 09 03 32.8 -48 28 40           ~ 28 0
8 [QLL2022] I09018-4816 cor 09 03 33.460 -48 28 01.69           ~ 2 0
9 [QLL2022] I11298-6155 cor 11 32 05.590 -62 12 25.62           ~ 2 0
10 IRAS 11298-6155 HII 11 32 06.1 -62 12 22           ~ 21 0
11 AGAL G301.136-00.226 cor 12 35 35.090 -63 02 31.91           ~ 29 0
12 IRAS 12326-6245 HII 12 35 35.184 -63 02 29.40           ~ 55 0
13 GAL 305.20+00.21 HII 13 11 11.7 -62 34 44           ~ 38 0
14 [QLL2022] I13079-6218 cor 13 11 13.750 -62 34 41.55           ~ 2 0
15 IRAS 13134-6242 mul 13 16 42.9 -62 58 45           ~ 39 0
16 [QLL2022] I13134-6242 cor 13 16 43.20 -62 58 32.3           ~ 2 0
17 [QLL2022] I13140-6226 cor 13 17 15.490 -62 42 24.42           ~ 2 0
18 IRAS 13140-6226 HII 13 17 17.7 -62 42 46           ~ 16 0
19 IRAS 13471-6120 cor 13 50 41.810 -61 35 10.67           ~ 65 0
20 IRAS 13484-6100 cor 13 51 58.17624 -61 15 43.4016           ~ 52 0
21 [QLL2022] I13484-6100 cor 13 51 58.31 -61 15 41.5           ~ 2 0
22 OH 310.144+00.760 Mas 13 51 58.43 -61 15 41.3           ~ 34 0
23 IRAS 14498-5856 HII 14 53 42.324 -59 08 57.44           ~ 38 0
24 [QLL2022] I14498-5856 cor 14 53 42.680 -59 08 52.89           ~ 2 0
25 IRAS 15254-5621 Y*? 15 29 19.33 -56 31 22.8           ~ 108 0
26 [LLE2021] G323.4590-00.0788 cor 15 29 19.390 -56 31 22.34           ~ 3 0
27 [QLL2022] I15437-5343 cor 15 47 32.73 -53 52 38.8           ~ 2 0
28 IRAS 15437-5343 Y*O 15 47 32.73 -53 52 38.4           ~ 68 0
29 IRAS 15520-5234 HII 15 55 48.336 -52 43 10.20           ~ 59 1
30 [LLE2021] G328.8084+00.6330 cor 15 55 48.470 -52 43 06.75           ~ 3 0
31 MMB G330.953-00.182 cor 16 09 52.37 -51 54 57.6           ~ 40 0
32 IRAS 16060-5146 HII 16 09 52.776 -51 54 52.20           ~ 44 0
33 [LLE2021] G330.8785-00.3669 cor 16 10 19.990 -52 06 07.25           ~ 3 0
34 IRAS 16065-5158 HII 16 10 21.8 -52 06 04           ~ 39 0
35 AGAL G331.133-00.244 cor 16 10 59.590 -51 50 23.37           ~ 25 0
36 IRAS 16071-5142 HII 16 11 00 -51 50.3           ~ 40 0
37 [QLL2022] I16076-5134 cor 16 11 26.590 -51 41 57.84           ~ 2 0
38 GAL 331.28-00.19 HII 16 11 26.6 -51 41 57           ~ 56 0
39 MSX6C G332.8256-00.5498 cor 16 20 11.080 -50 53 14.75           ~ 16 0
40 IRAS 16164-5046 HII 16 20 14.1 -50 53 20           ~ 43 0
41 IRAS 16172-5028 HII 16 21 00.4 -50 35 21           ~ 50 0
42 AGAL G333.134-00.431 cor 16 21 02.97 -50 35 12.6           ~ 28 0
43 [QLL2022] I16272-4837c3 cor 16 30 57.290 -48 43 39.87           ~ 2 0
44 [QLL2022] I16272-4837c2 cor 16 30 58.680 -48 43 51.32           ~ 3 0
45 [QLL2022] I16272-4837c1 cor 16 30 58.770 -48 43 53.57           ~ 3 0
46 IRAS 16272-4837 HII 16 30 59.2 -48 43 48           ~ 42 0
47 GAL 336.99-00.03 HII 16 35 32.7 -47 31 04           ~ 22 1
48 [QLL2022] I16318-4724 cor 16 35 33.960 -47 31 11.59           ~ 2 0
49 [QLL2022] I16344-4658 cor 16 38 09.490 -47 04 59.73           ~ 2 0
50 IRAS 16344-4658 HII 16 38 10.7 -47 04 54           ~ 20 1
51 AGAL G337.704-00.054 cor 16 38 29.650 -47 00 35.67           ~ 30 0
52 IRAS 16348-4654 HII 16 38 30.901 -47 00 46.20           ~ 17 1
53 [LLE2021] G337.4039-00.4024 cor 16 38 50.500 -47 28 00.68           ~ 3 0
54 IRAS 16351-4722 HII 16 38 52.032 -47 28 11.28           ~ 37 0
55 MMB G340.249-00.372 cor 16 49 30.08 -45 17 44.4           ~ 31 1
56 IRAS 16458-4512 HII 16 49 30.144 -45 17 48.48           ~ 25 1
57 [QLL2022] I16484-4603 cor 16 52 04.660 -46 08 33.85           ~ 2 0
58 OH 339.88-01.26 Y*O 16 52 04.6776 -46 08 34.404           ~ 119 1
59 [QLL2022] I16547-4247 cor 16 58 17.180 -42 52 07.57           ~ 2 0
60 IRAS 16547-4247 Y*O 16 58 17.208 -42 52 08.16           ~ 187 0
61 IRAS 17008-4040 HII 17 04 20.5 -40 44 26           ~ 36 0
62 [QLL2022] I17008-4040 cor 17 04 22.910 -40 44 22.91           ~ 2 0
63 [QLL2022] I17016-4124c1 cor 17 05 10.970 -41 29 06.95           ~ 2 0
64 IRAS 17016-4124 SFR 17 05 11.160 -41 29 06.00           ~ 75 0
65 [LLE2021] G345.0033-00.2244 cor 17 05 11.200 -41 29 07.05           ~ 3 0
66 [BNM96] 348.534-0.973 HII 17 19 15.5121468936 -39 04 32.503145160           ~ 25 1
67 [QLL2022] I17158-3901c1 cor 17 19 20.430 -39 03 51.58           ~ 2 0
68 [QLL2022] I17158-3901c2 cor 17 19 20.470 -39 03 49.20           ~ 2 0
69 NAME NGC 6334-I Cl* 17 20 53.35 -35 47 01.5           ~ 373 0
70 [QLL2022] I17175-3544 cor 17 20 53.420 -35 46 57.72           ~ 2 0
71 NAME NGC 6334F (C) HII 17 20 53.45 -35 47 02.6           ~ 244 1
72 GAL 351.58-00.35 HII 17 25 25.2 -36 12 46           ~ 40 0
73 MMB G351.581-00.353 cor 17 25 25.220 -36 12 45.34           ~ 44 0
74 [QLL2022] I17233-3606 cor 17 26 42.460 -36 09 17.85           ~ 2 0
75 IRAS 17233-3606 HII 17 26 42.8 -36 09 17           ~ 98 0
76 [LLE2021] G000.6668-00.0352 cor 17 47 20.170 -28 23 04.74           ~ 3 0
77 IRAS 17441-2822 HII 17 47 20.224 -28 23 04.13           ~ 35 1
78 NAME Sgr B2 Main Rad 17 47 20.5 -28 23 06           ~ 436 1
79 GAL 009.62+00.19 HII 18 06 13.9 -20 31 44           ~ 226 0
80 [QLL2022] I18032-2032c4 cor 18 06 14.660 -20 31 31.57           ~ 2 0
81 [QLL2022] I18032-2032c3 cor 18 06 14.800 -20 31 37.26           ~ 2 0
82 [QLL2022] I18032-2032c2 cor 18 06 14.880 -20 31 39.59           ~ 2 0
83 [LLE2021] G009.6190+00.1933 cor 18 06 14.920 -20 31 43.22           ~ 3 0
84 GAL 010.46+00.03 HII 18 08 35.5 -19 52 09           ~ 59 0
85 [QLL2022] I18056-1952 cor 18 08 38.230 -19 51 50.31           ~ 2 0
86 GAL 012.89+00.49 HII 18 11 51.3 -17 31 29           ~ 217 0
87 [QLL2022] I18089-1732 cor 18 11 51.450 -17 31 28.96           ~ 2 0
88 [QLL2022] I18117-1753 cor 18 14 39.510 -17 52 00.08           ~ 2 0
89 W 33a Y*O 18 14 39.56547 -17 52 02.2260           ~ 746 0
90 GAL 014.33-00.64 HII 18 18 53.5 -16 47 39           ~ 75 0
91 [QLL2022] I18159-1648c2 cor 18 18 54.340 -16 47 49.97           ~ 2 0
92 [QLL2022] I18159-1648c1 cor 18 18 54.660 -16 47 50.28           ~ 2 0
93 EGO G016.59-0.05 HII 18 21 07.9 -14 31 53           ~ 129 0
94 [QLL2022] I18182-1433 cor 18 21 09.050 -14 31 47.88           ~ 2 0
95 GAL 019.36-00.02 HII 18 26 24.3 -12 03 47           ~ 39 0
96 [QLL2022] I18236-1205 cor 18 26 25.790 -12 03 53.08           ~ 2 0
97 [QLL2022] I18290-0924 cor 18 31 44.130 -09 22 12.25           ~ 2 0
98 GAL 022.357+00.066 HII 18 31 44.9 -09 22 09           ~ 55 0
99 [QLL2022] I18316-0602 cor 18 34 20.91 -05 59 42.0           ~ 2 0
100 RAFGL 7009S HII 18 34 20.911 -05 59 42.23           ~ 231 0
101 IRAS 18411-0338 Y*O 18 43 46.2233 -03 35 29.846           ~ 25 0
102 [QLL2022] I18411-0338 cor 18 43 46.230 -03 35 29.77           ~ 2 0
103 GAL 031.40-00.26 HII 18 49 33.04 -01 29 03.7           ~ 53 0
104 AGAL G031.396-00.257 cor 18 49 33.050 -01 29 03.34           ~ 39 0
105 GAL 034.4+00.23 HII 18 53 17.4 +01 24 55           ~ 93 1
106 [QLL2022] I18507+0121 cor 18 53 18.010 +01 25 25.56           ~ 2 0
107 RAFGL 2271 SFR 18 53 18.54 +01 14 57.9           ~ 537 0
108 [LLE2021] G034.2573+00.1534 cor 18 53 18.560 +01 14 58.23           ~ 3 0
109 IRAS 18517+0437 SFR 18 54 13.8 +04 41 32           ~ 89 0
110 [QLL2022] I18517+0437 cor 18 54 14.240 +04 41 40.65           ~ 2 0
111 [LLE2021] G043.1659+00.0120 cor 19 10 13.160 +09 06 12.49           ~ 3 0
112 [QLL2022] I19078+0901c2 cor 19 10 14.130 +09 06 24.67           ~ 1 0
113 IRAS 19078+0901 HII 19 10 15.6 +09 06 05           ~ 44 0
114 [LLE2021] G043.7954-00.1273 cor 19 11 53.990 +09 35 50.27           ~ 3 0
115 IRAS 19095+0930 cor 19 11 54.09216 +09 35 49.6896           ~ 115 0

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