2022MNRAS.514.2974M

We report on the short- and long-term X-ray properties of the bright nearby Seyfert 2 galaxy NGC 2992, which was extensively observed with Swift, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR. Swift targeted the source more than 100 times between 2019 and 2021 in the context of two monitoring campaigns. Both time-averaged and time-resolved analyses are performed, and we find that the short-to-long term spectral properties of NGC 2992 are dominated by a highly variable nuclear continuum. The source varied in the 2-10 keV energy band from 0.6 to 12 x 10^–11 erg cm^–2 s^–1 during the two year long Swift monitoring. The fastest 2-10 keV flux change (by a factor of ∼60 per cent) occurred on a time-scale of a few hours. The overall emission spectrum of the source is consistent with a power law-like continuum (Γ = 1.69 ± 0.01) absorbed by a constant line-of-sight column density N_H = (7.8 ± 0.1) x 10²¹ cm^–2. The reflected emission is likely due to matter with an average column density N_H = (9.6 ± 2.7) x 10²² cm^–2, thus NGC 2992 appears to have a globally Compton-thin circumnuclear medium. This scenario is fully supported by an independent analysis of the fractional variability and by XMM-Newton multiyear spectra.