2022MNRAS.515.2511S

Query : 2022MNRAS.515.2511S

2022MNRAS.515.2511S - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 515, 2511-2528 (2022/September-2)

Evidence of globular cluster abundance anomalies in the SMC intermediate-age cluster Kron 3.

SALGADO C., DA COSTA G.S., YONG D., SALINAS R., NORRIS J.E., MACKEY A.D., MARINO A.F. and MILONE A.P.

Abstract (from CDS):

Using spectra obtained with the VLT/FORS2 and Gemini-S/GMOS-S instruments, we have investigated carbon, nitrogen, and sodium abundances in a sample of red giant members of the Small Magellanic Cloud star cluster Kron 3. The metallicity and luminosity of the cluster are comparable to those of Galactic globular clusters but it is notably younger (age ≈ 6.5 Gyr). We have measured the strengths of the CN and CH molecular bands, finding a bimodal CN band-strength distribution and a CH/CN anticorrelation. Application of spectrum synthesis techniques reveals that the difference in the mean [N/Fe] and [C/Fe] values for the CN-strong and CN-weak stars are Δ <[N/Fe]> = 0.63 ± 0.16 dex and Δ <[C/Fe]> = -0.01 ± 0.07 dex after applying corrections for evolutionary mixing. We have also measured sodium abundances from the Na D lines finding an observed range in [Na/Fe] of ∼0.6 dex that correlates positively with the [N/Fe] values and a Δ <[Na/Fe]> = 0.12 ± 0.12 dex. While the statistical significance of the sodium abundance difference is not high, the observed correlation between the Na and N abundances supports its existence. The outcome represents the first star-by-star demonstration of correlated abundance variations involving sodium in an intermediate-age star cluster. The results add to existing photometric and spectroscopic indications of the presence of multiple populations in intermediate-age clusters with masses in excess of ∼105 M⊙. It confirms that the mechanism(s) responsible for the multiple populations in ancient globular clusters cannot solely be an early cosmological effect applying only in old clusters.

Abstract Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): stars: abundances - Magellanic Clouds - galaxies: star clusters: individual: Kron 3 ;

Nomenclature: Tables 3-4: [SDY2022] NNNN N=18+13 among (Nos 1096-2301).

Simbad objects: 59

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Number of rows : 59
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 Cl Lindsay 1 Cl* 00 03 53.50 -73 28 15.0   11.7       ~ 125 0
2 [SDY2022] 1859 RG* 00 24 11.04 -72 44 31.2   19.917 19.199     ~ 1 0
3 [SDY2022] 2041 RG* 00 24 13.92 -72 50 42.0   20.018 19.242     ~ 1 0
4 [SDY2022] 2020 RG* 00 24 17.52 -72 50 56.4   19.455 18.514     ~ 1 0
5 [SDY2022] 2110 RG* 00 24 21.60 -72 49 40.8   20.116 19.283     ~ 1 0
6 [SDY2022] 2069 RG* 00 24 22.08 -72 50 09.4   19.812 18.982     ~ 1 0
7 [SDY2022] 1798 RG* 00 24 22.48 -72 45 30.1   20.125 19.243     ~ 1 0
8 [SDY2022] 1830 RG* 00 24 24.87 -72 44 59.1   19.978 19.037     ~ 1 0
9 2MASS J00243400-7250217 RB? 00 24 34.0620567288 -72 50 21.461509356   19.04 18.062     ~ 2 0
10 [SDY2022] 2301 RG* 00 24 34.96 -72 48 16.9   19.631 18.757     ~ 1 0
11 [SDY2022] 1372 RG* 00 24 34.98 -72 47 28.8   18.377 16.924     ~ 1 0
12 OGLE SMC-LPV-232 LP* 00 24 35.6882159760 -72 47 56.774644440   18.481 17.15   15.764 ~ 3 0
13 OGLE SMC-LPV-233 RG* 00 24 35.6985464688 -72 46 22.759552704   18.351 16.956   15.526 ~ 4 0
14 OGLE SMC-LPV-234 LP* 00 24 36.1063439112 -72 48 58.458545352   18.18 16.832   15.385 ~ 3 0
15 [SDY2022] 2086 RG* 00 24 36.42 -72 49 57.7   20.02 19.207     ~ 1 0
16 2MASS J00243720-7247382 RB? 00 24 37.2075881520 -72 47 38.125356180   18.911 17.818     ~ 2 0
17 2MASS J00243788-7247130 RB? 00 24 37.9168418448 -72 47 13.012260504   18.711 17.497     ~ 2 0
18 [SDY2022] 2161 RG* 00 24 39.76 -72 49 11.7   19.931 19.108     ~ 1 0
19 2MASS J00244038-7247072 RB? 00 24 40.3921656888 -72 47 07.215987012   18.954 17.842     ~ 2 0
20 2MASS J00244322-7247531 RB? 00 24 43.2982141392 -72 47 53.485411920   19.197 18.187     ~ 2 0
21 [SDY2022] 1688 RG* 00 24 43.60 -72 46 34.2   19.424 18.448     ~ 1 0
22 ESO 28-19 Cl* 00 24 45.98 -72 47 37.9   11.6 12.05     ~ 152 0
23 OGLE SMC-LPV-254 LP* 00 24 46.9436910144 -72 46 47.084160468   18.301 16.841   15.357 ~ 3 0
24 [SDY2022] 1876 RG* 00 24 47.09 -72 44 13.2   20.194 19.39     ~ 1 0
25 2MASS J00244710-7248208 RB? 00 24 47.104 -72 48 20.83   18.564 17.355     ~ 2 0
26 2MASS J00244767-7248354 RB? 00 24 47.7009541896 -72 48 35.658745236   19.017 17.942     ~ 2 0
27 [SDY2022] 2044 RG* 00 24 49.25 -72 50 38.2   20.061 19.264     ~ 1 0
28 Cl* Kron 3 ALA 922 LP* 00 24 50.1695238192 -72 48 36.319672800   18.232 16.837   15.336 ~ 4 0
29 2MASS J00245088-7245554 RB? 00 24 50.8977329184 -72 45 55.580170824   18.626 17.467     ~ 2 0
30 2MASS J00245199-7246050 RB? 00 24 51.9806152656 -72 46 05.686973004   19.06 18.087     ~ 2 0
31 2MASS J00245199-7246465 RB? 00 24 51.991 -72 46 46.60   18.864 17.724     ~ 2 0
32 2MASS J00250537-7249204 RB? 00 25 05.3785086576 -72 49 20.537984100   18.405 17.242     ~ 2 0
33 [SDY2022] 1792 RG* 00 25 12.72 -72 45 32.4   19.537 18.65     ~ 1 0
34 ESO 28-20 Cl* 00 25 26.60 -74 04 29.7 15.45 14.88 14.23   13.13 ~ 35 0
35 NGC 121 GlC 00 26 49.0 -71 32 10   11.2 11.24     ~ 330 0
36 ESO 51-3 Cl* 00 48 50 -69 52.2   16.2       ~ 57 0
37 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
38 NGC 288 GlC 00 52 45.24 -26 34 57.4   10 8.13     ~ 1130 0
39 NGC 339 OpC 00 57 47.62 -74 28 14.6 13.23 12.94 12.21   11.20 ~ 157 0
40 NAME Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy G 01 00 09.4 -33 42 32   9.79 8.6 8.81   ~ 1498 4
41 NGC 416 Cl* 01 07 59.03 -72 21 20.5 12.73 12.55 11.76   10.71 ~ 156 1
42 NGC 419 OpC 01 08 17.26 -72 53 01.8 11.41 11.16 10.50   9.34 ~ 287 0
43 Cl Lindsay 113 Cl* 01 49 30.0 -73 43 40   11.9       ~ 97 0
44 MCG-06-07-001 G 02 39 59.3 -34 26 57   9.02 7.4     ~ 1894 1
45 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7988 0
46 NGC 1651 GlC 04 37 32.530 -70 35 08.71   12.99 12.28     ~ 125 0
47 NGC 1783 GlC 04 59 08.590 -65 59 15.84   10.9 10.93     ~ 273 0
48 NGC 1806 GlC 05 02 11.180 -67 59 05.89   11.1       ~ 165 0
49 NGC 1846 Cl* 05 07 34.900 -67 27 32.45   12.08 11.31     ~ 231 0
50 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
51 NGC 1978 GlC 05 28 45.330 -66 14 12.04   10.7 10.70     ~ 317 0
52 Cl Berkeley 39 OpC 07 46 48.1 -04 39 59           ~ 209 1
53 Cl Ruprecht 106 GlC 12 38 40.20 -51 09 01.0           ~ 413 0
54 NGC 6535 GlC 18 03 50.51 -00 17 51.5     9.85     ~ 320 0
55 NGC 6752 GlC 19 10 52.11 -59 59 04.4           ~ 2121 0
56 Cl Terzan 7 GlC 19 17 43.92 -34 39 27.8           ~ 460 0
57 NGC 6791 OpC 19 20 52.8 +37 46 40   10.52 9.5     ~ 1120 0
58 M 55 GlC 19 39 59.71 -30 57 53.1     6.49     ~ 913 0
59 Cl Pal 12 GlC 21 46 38.84 -21 15 09.4     11.89     ~ 548 0

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