2023A&A...673A.100C

Query : 2023A&A...673A.100C

2023A&A...673A.100C - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 673A100 (2023/5-1)

A UNIONS view of the brightest central galaxies of candidate fossil groups.

CHU A., DURRET F., ELLIEN A., SARRON F., ADAMI C., MARQUEZ I., MARTINET N., DE BOER T., CHAMBERS K.C., CUILLANDRE J.-C., GWYN S., MAGNIER E.A. and McCONNACHIE A.W.

Abstract (from CDS):

Context. The formation process of fossil groups (FGs) is still under debate, and, because of their relative rarity, large samples of such objects are still missing.
Aims. The aim of the present paper is to increase the sample of known FGs, to analyse the properties of their brightest group galaxies (BGGs), and to compare them with a control sample of non-FG BGGs.
Methods. We extracted a sample of 87 FG and 100 non-FG candidates from a large spectroscopic catalogue of haloes and galaxies. For all the objects with data available in UNIONS (initially the Canada France Imaging Survey, CFIS) in the u and r bands, and/or in an extra r-band processed to preserve all low-surface-brightness features (rLSB), we performed a 2D photometric fit of the BGG with GALFIT with one or two Sérsic components. We also analysed how the subtraction of the intracluster light (ICL) contribution modifies the BGG properties. From the SDSS spectra available for the BGGs of 65 FGs and 82 non-FGs, we extracted the properties of their stellar populations with Firefly. To complement our study, and in order to provide a detailed illustration of the possible origin of emission lines in the FG BGGs, involving the presence or absence of an AGN, we investigated the origin of the emission lines in a nearby FG that is dominated by the NGC 4104 galaxy.
Results. Morphologically, a single Sérsic profile can fit most objects in the u band, while two Sérsics are needed in the r and rLSB bands, both for FGs and non-FGs. Non-FG BGGs cover a larger range of Sérsic index n. FG BGGs follow the Kormendy relation (mean surface brightness versus effective radius) previously derived for almost 1000 brightest cluster galaxies (BCGs), while the majority of non-FGs BGGs are located below this relation, with fainter mean surface brightnesses. This suggests that FG BGGs have evolved similarly to BCGs, and non-FG BGGs have evolved differently from both FG BGGs and BCGs. All the above properties can be strongly modified by the subtraction of the ICL contribution. Based on spectral fitting, the stellar populations of FG and non-FG BGGs do not differ significantly.
Conclusions. FG and non-FG BGGs differ from one another in terms of their morphological properties and Kormendy relation, suggesting they have had different formation histories. However, it is not possible to trace differences in their stellar populations or in their large-scale distributions.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2023

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: clusters: general - galaxies: evolution - galaxies: formation - galaxies: groups: general

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/673/A100): tablea1.dat tablea2.dat>

Simbad objects: 189

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Number of rows : 189
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 2MASX J00183578-1032155 G 00 18 35.7542189064 -10 32 15.913765284           ~ 4 0
2 2MASX J00423402-0954422 GiC 00 42 33.9888563928 -09 54 42.250273524   16.53 15.95 15.23   ~ 18 0
3 SDSS J012923.83+152646.0 G 01 29 23.8336888595 +15 26 46.074262380           ~ 2 0
4 NGC 647 LIN 01 39 56.1940121280 -09 14 32.746476984   15   13.03   ~ 34 0
5 MCG-02-05-041 BiC 01 45 28.4559235680 -10 05 35.849195088   15   13.53   ~ 19 0
6 NGC 1132 EmG 02 52 51.82 -01 16 29.0   13.9   12.16   ~ 180 0
7 LEDA 1043974 G 03 53 10.0770759888 -05 29 49.565575248   17.54   15.95   ~ 11 0
8 LEDA 1526374 G 07 50 45.4873695576 +17 10 19.956991548           ~ 5 0
9 Z 148-64 G 07 55 32.5497434712 +27 44 10.175887716   15.7       ~ 11 0
10 LEDA 2396812 G 08 00 02.2717192824 +51 36 08.847081540           ~ 6 0
11 Z 148-89 LIN 08 00 40.1544780216 +28 28 35.330224872   15.7       ~ 14 0
12 LEDA 1843817 G 08 00 59.4634190280 +28 42 53.461672884           ~ 7 0
13 LEDA 3088977 G 08 01 18.4104311304 +31 26 08.475116136           ~ 9 0
14 LEDA 2077037 LIN 08 01 47.4275646408 +36 13 33.702292020           ~ 21 0
15 2MASX J08044432+3045481 BiC 08 04 44.2838244672 +30 45 48.116567952           ~ 7 0
16 LEDA 1938921 G 08 04 56.4 +31 15 34           ~ 3 0
17 FIRST J080600.8+380133 rG 08 06 00.8582335152 +38 01 33.439914804           ~ 6 0
18 LEDA 3351637 AGN 08 06 07.1046582768 +39 20 32.735243760           ~ 23 0
19 LEDA 2028304 G 08 06 29.5 +33 16 48           ~ 2 0
20 LEDA 2155891 Sy2 08 09 31.3521894600 +39 48 06.709196988           ~ 15 0
21 SDSS J081119.19+393030.4 G 08 11 19.19832 +39 30 30.4200           ~ 2 0
22 LEDA 3089052 G 08 13 30.1631915952 +30 22 52.103697924           ~ 5 0
23 SDSS J081345.10+342203.3 G 08 13 45.1079966681 +34 22 03.327569002           ~ 2 0
24 SDSS J081430.44+374458.6 G 08 14 30.44444 +37 44 58.6535           ~ 1 0
25 SDSS J081627.85+332236.5 G 08 16 27.8541302326 +33 22 36.520114523           ~ 2 0
26 LEDA 2057666 G 08 19 00.5 +34 59 13           ~ 3 0
27 2MASX J08192066+2016075 LSB 08 19 20.6955385824 +20 16 07.322176992           ~ 11 0
28 LEDA 2179538 G 08 20 04.4 +41 20 20           ~ 2 0
29 LEDA 2004251 G 08 20 27.9 +32 35 59           ~ 2 0
30 2MASX J08243972+3219338 LIN 08 24 39.7293679152 +32 19 34.245450912           ~ 11 0
31 LEDA 90846 G 08 25 03.6775007880 +32 30 09.708174360   16.12       ~ 22 0
32 LEDA 1991968 G 08 25 55.2517867392 +32 20 02.490462780           ~ 4 0
33 SDSS J082617.76+293236.5 G 08 26 17.76072 +29 32 36.5382           ~ 2 0
34 SDSS J082720.47+341259.3 G 08 27 20.4759480319 +34 12 59.323352696           ~ 2 0
35 LEDA 1958190 G 08 29 33.39576 +31 39 54.9576           ~ 7 0
36 2MASX J08314602+3151562 LIN 08 31 46.0142545584 +31 51 55.825077024           ~ 3 0
37 FIRST J083159.6+303930 rG 08 31 59.6939602440 +30 39 30.709708776           ~ 13 0
38 SDSS J083221.02+395952.8 G 08 32 21.02897 +39 59 52.8157           ~ 1 0
39 SDSS J083222.82+373423.5 G 08 32 22.82193 +37 34 23.5080           ~ 1 0
40 LEDA 1905311 BiC 08 33 10.3077956328 +30 28 34.228388316           ~ 5 0
41 SDSS J083317.00+305849.4 G 08 33 17.00258 +30 58 49.4264           ~ 1 0
42 LEDA 1960094 G 08 35 12.2335278048 +31 42 15.287821020           ~ 8 0
43 SDSS J083556.73+300732.6 G 08 35 56.73360 +30 07 32.6136           ~ 3 0
44 Z 179-14 G 08 36 30.0266230560 +38 08 36.260374164   15.5       ~ 19 0
45 FIRST J083754.8+365954 rG 08 37 54.8181342000 +36 59 54.219792120           ~ 12 0
46 NVSS J083816+350523 rG 08 38 16.2009056592 +35 05 22.706723724           ~ 13 0
47 LEDA 3450378 LIN 08 38 52.3532268192 +33 12 26.612111664           ~ 7 0
48 SDSS J083930.48+320841.3 Opt 08 39 30.48102 +32 08 41.3460           ~ 1 0
49 Z 150-15 rG 08 40 38.2579312056 +30 10 07.485863844   15.7       ~ 18 0
50 LEDA 1838490 BiC 08 40 38.9968658784 +28 31 49.357617636           ~ 14 0
51 SDSS J084116.87+315758.8 BiC 08 41 16.8783661608 +31 57 58.797637524           ~ 6 0
52 LEDA 1919890 G 08 41 31.0876809552 +30 49 50.034192132           ~ 4 0
53 SDSS J084141.45+345720.9 Opt 08 41 41.45621 +34 57 20.9192           ~ 1 0
54 LEDA 1847300 G 08 43 21.1859775864 +28 49 51.656487528     15.64     ~ 10 0
55 SDSS J084402.31+362853.4 G 08 44 02.3198412600 +36 28 53.453255772           ~ 5 0
56 LEDA 3089663 G 08 44 11.6671036536 +23 32 04.870997124           ~ 10 0
57 MCG+09-15-010 G 08 44 27.1222466424 +53 29 16.010417004   16       ~ 23 0
58 LEDA 1924881 G 08 44 42.3083198040 +30 56 47.579554248           ~ 7 0
59 SDSS J084509.53+301116.0 G 08 45 09.5393933448 +30 11 16.055303676           ~ 3 0
60 LEDA 1861108 G 08 45 47.0795819352 +29 16 17.926158612     16.71     ~ 7 0
61 LEDA 1832125 G 08 46 40.3438329288 +28 18 29.614068720           ~ 10 0
62 LEDA 1946763 G 08 47 02.5249573152 +31 25 47.172172512           ~ 8 0
63 Z 90-7 G 08 47 08.6928144672 +19 37 51.824233884   15.0       ~ 23 0
64 SDSS J084811.15+330836.7 Opt 08 48 11.15967 +33 08 36.7654           ~ 1 0
65 FIRST J084831.3+292118 rG 08 48 31.4076172992 +29 21 18.419798412     16.61     ~ 4 0
66 LEDA 1233471 G 08 50 07.6160544048 +02 38 52.268218908           ~ 15 0
67 2MASX J08501422+2940499 GiC 08 50 14.1896015088 +29 40 50.460521556     16.89     ~ 8 0
68 LEDA 1902523 G 08 50 27.5 +30 24 25           ~ 3 0
69 SDSS J085045.86+401045.2 G 08 50 45.8623922640 +40 10 45.223256748           ~ 4 0
70 2MASX J08515022+2850282 G 08 51 50.2392199848 +28 50 28.404588048           ~ 4 0
71 LEDA 2034409 G 08 53 05.86162 +33 33 07.1432           ~ 4 0
72 SDSS J085323.96+372123.6 G 08 53 23.9663335341 +37 21 23.697573874           ~ 2 0
73 2MASX J08542353+3551581 G 08 54 23.5678081104 +35 51 58.130789940           ~ 2 0
74 SDSS J085444.21+353356.3 G 08 54 44.21559 +35 33 56.3451           ~ 1 0
75 LEDA 2149460 G 08 54 52.0 +39 25 11           ~ 3 0
76 SDSS J085504.08+343439.8 G 08 55 04.08034 +34 34 39.8365           ~ 1 0
77 SDSS J085535.10+302736.8 G 08 55 35.1051251328 +30 27 36.924383520           ~ 3 0
78 LEDA 1914782 G 08 55 46.70485 +30 42 41.0324           ~ 5 0
79 LEDA 2107451 G 08 56 13.3719739056 +37 42 29.327920236           ~ 5 0
80 LEDA 2052296 G 08 58 42.9 +34 38 24           ~ 2 0
81 FIRST J085946.5+331209 rG 08 59 46.5443398320 +33 12 09.436645800           ~ 5 0
82 SDSS J090005.15+391952.2 GiC 09 00 05.1681002256 +39 19 52.249798200           ~ 9 0
83 LEDA 2049630 G 09 01 27.0951190224 +34 27 51.628263840           ~ 6 0
84 LEDA 3453869 G 09 03 30.6543703773 +40 11 34.468665563           ~ 3 0
85 LEDA 3088980 G 09 04 07.1713528128 +30 52 58.709071740           ~ 8 0
86 NVSS J090717+164419 rG 09 07 17.7406407792 +16 44 18.185993016   15.73       ~ 20 0
87 LEDA 1832174 G 09 08 31.9369058822 +28 18 35.326949028           ~ 6 0
88 LEDA 1854861 G 09 09 59.9567834184 +29 04 25.298838696     16.66     ~ 6 0
89 LEDA 2123509 G 09 10 07.5717350780 +38 18 36.280837913           ~ 4 0
90 LEDA 2135102 G 09 10 13.2721016736 +38 43 55.455991428           ~ 4 0
91 SDSS J091357.99+303643.5 G 09 13 57.99255 +30 36 43.5169           ~ 2 0
92 LEDA 3088304 G 09 16 33.8679007992 +37 00 44.329355604           ~ 4 0
93 LEDA 2083385 G 09 17 38.686 +36 35 40.41           ~ 6 0
94 Z 238-34 G 09 18 54.5152385808 +50 01 14.381470056   14.7       ~ 24 0
95 LEDA 2153573 G 09 20 28.9871794824 +39 39 24.233193324           ~ 7 0
96 NVSS J092250+285552 rG 09 22 51.1387349832 +28 55 52.580321652     16.24     ~ 13 0
97 LEDA 2033565 G 09 23 15.5405883624 +33 30 38.475569772           ~ 4 0
98 LEDA 1282041 G 09 25 12.5520718704 +05 21 06.237619308           ~ 14 0
99 LEDA 1902977 G 09 26 21.8 +30 25 08           ~ 3 0
100 LEDA 2129107 G 09 26 58.5650340513 +38 30 38.674242847           ~ 3 0
101 LEDA 2113085 G 09 27 21.5694033782 +37 55 18.297828353           ~ 4 0
102 LEDA 2071720 G 09 28 08.1164017023 +35 53 55.664269320           ~ 4 0
103 Z 62-38 LIN 09 28 40.7594242464 +12 37 02.295832584   15.1       ~ 16 0
104 2MASX J09330552+3606329 LIN 09 33 05.530 +36 06 32.99           ~ 6 0
105 LEDA 1989094 G 09 33 07.4 +32 16 17           ~ 3 0
106 LEDA 1936888 G 09 33 50.8 +31 12 56           ~ 2 0
107 LEDA 3088745 G 09 34 55.5672168000 +32 50 29.633429868           ~ 5 0
108 FIRST J093504.2+393212 rG 09 35 04.2463598760 +39 32 12.532941564           ~ 4 0
109 9C J0936+3313 LIN 09 36 09.3738424789 +33 13 08.458026732       13.85   ~ 26 1
110 LEDA 3088746 G 09 36 13.2990793176 +33 00 20.360861856           ~ 9 0
111 LEDA 1897671 G 09 36 50.9364172217 +30 17 02.576176636           ~ 4 0
112 SDSS J093753.24+403635.3 Opt 09 37 53.24361 +40 36 35.4466           ~ 1 0
113 Z 210-19 G 09 38 03.8323345944 +42 58 27.569669196   15.7       ~ 27 0
114 LEDA 2033912 G 09 39 30.6927583584 +33 31 36.528205764           ~ 6 0
115 NVSS J094614+280726 rG 09 46 14.3879715240 +28 07 25.525901388           ~ 2 0
116 LEDA 2186767 G 09 47 52.3035219144 +41 47 04.320996252           ~ 3 0
117 2MASX J09524478+4045455 G 09 52 44.8320994032 +40 45 45.942188508           ~ 3 0
118 LEDA 2054191 G 09 53 18.6376051944 +34 45 53.100132912           ~ 15 0
119 LEDA 1847301 G 09 54 01.9728867480 +28 49 51.931492212     16.76     ~ 5 0
120 SDSS J095410.79+322652.7 G 09 54 10.79343 +32 26 52.6895           ~ 1 0
121 SDSS J095731.67+311300.9 G 09 57 31.67087 +31 13 00.9641           ~ 1 0
122 2MASX J09595696+3013396 Sy2 09 59 56.9656106856 +30 13 39.585658728           ~ 7 0
123 2MASX J10021349+1119113 AGN 10 02 13.5120997728 +11 19 11.057781972           ~ 10 0
124 LEDA 1514207 G 10 03 03.4901621616 +16 40 15.570456600           ~ 5 0
125 2MASX J10074911+3944173 Sy2 10 07 49.1512956720 +39 44 17.425548636           ~ 10 0
126 LEDA 1472957 G 10 19 13.1346118296 +15 00 44.048791692           ~ 6 0
127 SDSS J102355.92+075852.6 Opt 10 23 55.92329 +07 58 52.6866           ~ 1 0
128 LEDA 1485315 G 10 29 16.1512859832 +15 27 49.187251260           ~ 6 0
129 LEDA 2266595 G 10 44 33.4 +45 32 27           ~ 3 0
130 LEDA 1280773 G 10 48 24.2792330112 +05 16 10.854372360           ~ 3 0
131 LEDA 3092318 G 10 58 21.3836632920 +03 39 25.938697428           ~ 16 0
132 MCG+09-18-079 G 11 03 15.7824555504 +54 06 40.606611408   16       ~ 8 0
133 2MASX J11400273+1543075 LIN 11 40 02.7144397104 +15 43 07.587236460           ~ 7 0
134 LEDA 3092324 G 11 42 03.2530780440 +03 00 16.917125616           ~ 19 0
135 LEDA 2353683 G 11 55 29.7522756192 +49 47 47.389851312           ~ 8 0
136 LEDA 3088016 G 11 59 34.8487864248 +40 39 58.180498164           ~ 5 0
137 LEDA 2007165 G 12 00 34.9913769288 +32 39 52.465662576           ~ 7 0
138 LEDA 2170980 G 12 05 04.4726933640 +40 47 27.483016992           ~ 6 0
139 NVSS J120516+210037 rG 12 05 16.5684049584 +21 00 37.113703524           ~ 13 0
140 LEDA 1730784 G 12 05 55.2394033176 +25 16 08.186409408           ~ 5 0
141 Z 13-75 LIN 12 06 09.1187526096 -02 56 53.294209116   15.0   14.169   ~ 32 0
142 NGC 4104 rG 12 06 38.9098151088 +28 10 27.184493280   13.7 13.58     ~ 114 1
143 LEDA 3141060 G 12 09 14.7333527904 +67 38 25.360907856           ~ 7 0
144 Z 292-82 G 12 12 43.0403786616 +61 58 15.066690564   15.7       ~ 14 0
145 Z 244-2 G 12 18 44.3352490872 +44 46 52.218218712   15.4       ~ 26 0
146 NGC 4732 LIN 12 50 07.0987517328 +52 51 00.511598988   15.2       ~ 32 0
147 LEDA 1332498 G 13 15 24.0556138656 +07 50 49.012023156           ~ 6 0
148 LEDA 1298342 G 13 25 05.9642875608 +06 18 43.874706024           ~ 4 0
149 Z 72-105 Sy2 13 30 19.1533593648 +11 30 42.484362012   15.5       ~ 26 0
150 LEDA 47878 G 13 35 03.1655468232 +35 29 14.379150696   17.1       ~ 6 0
151 LEDA 1484396 G 13 38 44.8924057056 +15 25 46.106865840           ~ 7 0
152 LEDA 2538796 G 13 40 16.4179294272 +56 30 04.955949504           ~ 4 0
153 LEDA 1835801 G 13 49 36.0905305656 +28 26 25.399850028           ~ 5 0
154 LEDA 3087655 G 14 02 00.0881032224 +45 33 42.688520424           ~ 12 0
155 LEDA 1111621 G 14 06 52.8793253016 -01 43 48.690924708   16.498   15.185   ~ 17 0
156 NVSS J142644+091046 rG 14 26 44.7083782272 +09 10 45.287034996           ~ 17 0
157 LEDA 2365566 G 14 35 35.3450803848 +50 11 23.980721856           ~ 19 0
158 Z 75-89 G 14 36 42.0602868744 +09 55 45.180116112   15.4       ~ 12 0
159 NGC 5706 G 14 38 42.3522597024 +30 27 57.238228800   15.7       ~ 11 0
160 LEDA 1994205 G 14 52 48.4955031024 +32 22 47.476945812           ~ 3 0
161 SDSS J150227.49+194406.6 G 15 02 27.4911582360 +19 44 06.688857156           ~ 2 0
162 2MASX J15031519+3608520 rG 15 03 15.190 +36 08 52.04           ~ 18 0
163 Z 274-10 G 15 04 39.8345936256 +53 49 23.217842640   15.6       ~ 15 0
164 Z 249-8 G 15 09 30.3654338496 +46 29 33.609247872   15.4       ~ 25 0
165 Z 21-21 G 15 09 52.0582439376 -00 23 04.907162580   15.6       ~ 18 0
166 SDSS J151301.85+282933.9 Opt 15 13 01.86020 +28 29 33.9013           ~ 1 0
167 3XMM J151454.0+420047 LIN 15 14 54.0766899576 +42 00 47.423791080           ~ 17 0
168 LEDA 1148584 G 15 30 27.850 -00 13 49.89   16.34   14.95   ~ 6 0
169 2MASX J15333432+3341584 BiC 15 33 34.3388364456 +33 41 58.587447984           ~ 10 0
170 Z 136-12 LIN 15 33 39.9726059232 +24 24 16.855216884   15.3       ~ 20 0
171 NVSS J153956+483510 rG 15 39 58.4071129608 +48 35 37.783013460           ~ 14 1
172 LEDA 1445217 G 15 42 25.4311400760 +13 57 23.945831100           ~ 5 0
173 Z 78-67 GiG 15 46 31.6140518664 +12 08 33.919107720   15.5       ~ 19 0
174 LEDA 1882941 G 15 48 13.6357472400 +29 54 53.954526600           ~ 12 0
175 LEDA 3495323 G 15 59 25.5600437592 +42 15 48.418276572           ~ 15 0
176 SDSS J160917.67+040238.1 G 16 09 17.6762868912 +04 02 38.085205380           ~ 4 0
177 LEDA 1700798 G 16 26 45.1108255608 +24 08 56.528538072           ~ 4 0
178 LEDA 3088687 G 16 47 15.6878082264 +33 55 56.747759268           ~ 12 0
179 LEDA 3088553 G 16 49 56.3940319200 +35 12 43.599380544           ~ 12 0
180 NGC 6278 GiP 17 00 50.3235598776 +23 00 39.735179064   13.8       ~ 173 0
181 LEDA 2584255 G 17 03 34.6418103672 +58 55 03.255288096           ~ 9 0
182 LEDA 1178439 G 21 10 31.8516659208 +00 53 42.165989232           ~ 11 0
183 SDSS J212918.59+111203.5 BiC 21 29 18.5912997120 +11 12 03.550395672           ~ 8 0
184 LEDA 1018915 G 21 49 46.3711608768 -07 26 32.879929524   16.57   15.08   ~ 9 0
185 Z 378-6 Sy2 22 26 14.6317629672 +00 40 04.025074908   15.6       ~ 25 0
186 LEDA 164215 G 22 43 56.9700818616 +01 00 01.739969532           ~ 8 0
187 SDSS J224918.01+123749.7 G 22 49 18.0176972448 +12 37 49.717631496           ~ 4 0
188 NGC 7488 G 23 07 48.9402524976 +00 56 25.823731452   14.9       ~ 36 0
189 Z 380-17 EmG 23 15 14.2485715800 -01 14 31.929903384   15.4       ~ 22 0

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