2023A&A...675A.138H

Query : 2023A&A...675A.138H

2023A&A...675A.138H - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 675A138 (2023/7-1)

Constraining the cosmic-ray pressure in the inner Virgo Cluster using H.E.S.S. observations of M 87.

HESS COLLABORATION, AHARONIAN F., AIT BENKHALI F., ARCARO C., ASCHERSLEBEN J., BACKES M., BARBOSA MARTINS V., BATZOFIN R., BECHERINI Y., BERGE D., BERNLOHR K., BI B., BOTTCHER M., BOISSON C., BOLMONT J., BOROWSKA J., BRADASCIO F., BREUHAUS M., BROSE R., BRUN F., BRUNO B., BULIK T., BURGER-SCHEIDLIN C., BYLUND T., CAROFF S., CASANOVA S., CECIL R., CELIC J., CERRUTI M., CHAND T., CHANDRA S., CHEN A., CHIBUEZE J., CHIBUEZE O., COTTER G., DAMASCENE MBARUBUCYEYE J., DJANNATI-ATAI A., EGBERTS K., ERNENWEIN J.-P., FICHET DE CLAIRFONTAINE G., FILIPOVIC M., FONTAINE G., FUSSLING M., FUNK S., GABICI S., GHAFOURIZADEH S., GIAVITTO G., GLAWION D., GLICENSTEIN J.F., GOSWAMI P., GROLLERON G., GRONDIN M.-H., HAERER L., HAUPT M., HERMANN G., HINTON J.A., HOLCH T.L., HORNS D., JAMROZY M., JANKOWSKY F., JOSHI V., JUNG-RICHARDT I., KASAI E., KATARZYNSKI K., KHATOON R., KHELIFI B., KLUZNIAK W., KOMIN N., KOSACK K., KOSTUNIN D., LANG R.G., LE STUM S., LEITL F., LEMIERE A., LEMOINE-GOUMARD M., LENAIN J.-P., LEUSCHNER F., LOHSE T., LUASHVILI A., LYPOVA I., MACKEY J., MALYSHEV D., MALYSHEV D., MARANDON V., MARCHEGIANI P., MARCOWITH A., MARINOS P., MARTI-DEVESA G., MARX R., MEYER M., MITCHELL A., MODERSKI R., MOHRMANN L., MONTANARI A., MOULIN E., MULLER J., NAKASHIMA K., DE NAUROIS M., NIEMIEC J., PRIYANA NOEL A., O'BRIEN P., OHM S., OLIVERA-NIETO L., DE ONA WILHELMI E., PANNY S., PANTER M., PARSONS R.D., PERON G., PITA S., PROKHOROV D.A., PROKOPH H., PUHLHOFER G., PUNCH M., QUIRRENBACH A., REICHHERZER P., REIMER A., REIMER O., RENAUD M., RIEGER F., ROWELL G., RUDAK B., RUIZ-VELASCO E., SAHAKIAN V., SALZMANN H., SANCHEZ D.A., SANTANGELO A., SASAKI M., SCHAFER J., SCHUSSLER F., SCHWANKE U., SHAPOPI J.N.S., SOL H., SPECOVIUS A., SPENCER S., STAWARZ L., STEENKAMP R., STEINMASSL S., STEPPA C., SUSHCH I., SUZUKI H., TAKAHASHI T., TANAKA T., TAYLOR A.M., TERRIER R., TSIROU M., TSUJI N., UCHIYAMA Y., VAN ELDIK C., VAN SOELEN B., VECCHI M., VEH J., VENTER C., VINK J., WACH T., WAGNER S.J., WHITE R., WIERZCHOLSKA A., WONG Y.W., ZACHARIAS M., ZARGARYAN D., ZDZIARSKI A.A., ZECH A., ZOUARI S. and ZYWUCKA N.

Abstract (from CDS):

The origin of the gamma-ray emission from M 87 is currently a matter of debate. This work aims to localize the very high-energy (VHE; 100 GeV - 100 TeV) gamma-ray emission from M 87 and probe a potential extended hadronic emission component in the inner Virgo Cluster. The search for a steady and extended gamma-ray signal around M 87 can constrain the cosmic-ray energy density and the pressure exerted by the cosmic rays onto the intracluster medium and allow us to investigate the role of cosmic rays in the active galactic nucleus feedback as a heating mechanism in the Virgo Cluster. The High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) telescopes are sensitive to VHE gamma rays and have been used to observe M 87 since 2004. We utilized a Bayesian block analysis to identify M 87 emission states with H.E.S.S. observations from 2004 to 2021, dividing them into low, intermediate, and high states. Because of the causality argument, an extended (≳1 kpc) signal is allowed only in steady emission states. Hence, we fitted the morphology of the 120 h low-state data and find no significant gamma-ray extension. Therefore, we derive for the low state an upper limit of 58″(corresponding to ≈4.6 kpc) in the extension of a single-component morphological model described by a rotationally symmetric 2D Gaussian model at the 99.7% confidence level. Our results exclude the radio lobes (≈30 kpc) as the principal component of the VHE gamma-ray emission from the low state of M 87. The gamma-ray emission is compatible with a single emission region at the radio core of M 87. These results, with the help of two multiple-component models, constrain the maximum cosmic-ray to thermal pressure ratio to X_CR, max._ ≲ 0.32 and the total energy in cosmic-ray protons to UCR ≲ 5 × 1058 erg in the inner 20 kpc of the Virgo Cluster for an assumed cosmic-ray proton power-law distribution in momentum with spectral index αp = 2.1.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2023

Journal keyword(s): astroparticle physics - gamma rays: galaxies: clusters - galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium - radio continuum: galaxies

Simbad objects: 9

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Number of rows : 9
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 ACO 85 ClG 00 41 36.21 -09 19 30.4           ~ 974 0
2 ACO 426 ClG 03 19 47.6 +41 30 54           ~ 2508 1
3 NGC 1316 rG 03 22 41.789 -37 12 29.52 9.81 9.15 8.53 7.66   ~ 1491 1
4 ACO 496 ClG 04 33 40.8 -13 14 34           ~ 728 2
5 M 1 SNR 05 34 31.8 +22 01 03           ~ 6516 1
6 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 30 47.8 +12 23 07           ~ 7107 0
7 M 87 AGN 12 30 49.42338414 +12 23 28.0436859 10.16 9.59 8.63   7.49 ~ 7815 3
8 ACO 1656 ClG 12 59 44.40 +27 54 44.9           ~ 5141 2
9 NAME Centaurus A BLL 13 25 27.61521044 -43 01 08.8050291   8.18 6.84 6.66   ~ 4774 3

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