2023A&A...678A..91K

Contact. The outskirts of galaxy clusters host complex interactions between the intracluster and circumcluster media. During the evolution of clusters, ram-pressure stripped gas clumps from infalling substructures break the uniformity of the gas distribution, potentially leading to observational biases at large radii. However, assessing the contribution of gas clumping poses observational challenges and requires robust X-ray measurements in the background-dominated regime of the cluster outskirts.
Aims. The main objectives of this study are to isolate faint gas clumps from field sources and from the diffuse emission in the Abell 1795 galaxy cluster, then to probe their impact on the observed surface brightness and thermodynamic profiles.
Methods. We performed an imaging analysis on deep Chandra ACIS-I observations of the Abell 1795 cluster outskirts, extending out to ∼1.5r₂₀₀ with full azimuthal coverage. We built the 0.7 - 2.0 keV surface brightness distribution from the adaptively binned image of the diffuse emission and looked for clumps in the form of > + 2σ surface brightness outliers. Our classification of the clump candidates was based primarily on Chandra and SDSS data. Benefiting from the point source list resolved by Chandra, we extracted the thermodynamic profiles of the intracluster medium from the associated Suzaku XIS data out to r₂₀₀ using multiple point source and clump candidate removal approaches.
Results. We identified 24 clump candidates in the Abell 1795 field, most of which are likely to be associated with background objects, including active galactic nuclei, galaxies, and clusters or groups of galaxies, as opposed to intrinsic gas clumps. These sources had minimal impact on the surface brightness and thermodynamic profiles of the cluster emission. After correcting for clump candidates, the measured entropy profile still deviates from a pure gravitational collapse, suggesting complex physics at play in the outskirts, which may include potential electron-ion non-equilibrium and non-thermal pressure support.