2023A&A...678A.130G

Query : 2023A&A...678A.130G

2023A&A...678A.130G - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 678A130 (2023/10-1)

A global view on star formation: The GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey VIII. Formaldehyde absorption in Cygnus X.

GONG Y., ORTIZ-LEON G.N., RUGEL M.R., MENTEN K.M., BRUNTHALER A., WYROWSKI F., HENKEL C., BEUTHER H., DZIB S.A., URQUHART J.S., YANG A.Y., PANDIAN J.D., DOKARA R., VEENA V.S., NGUYEN H., MEDINA S.-N.X., COTTON W.D., REICH W., WINKEL B., MULLER P., SKRETAS I., CSENGERI T., KHAN S. and CHEEMA A.

Abstract (from CDS):

Context. Cygnus X is one of the closest and most active high-mass star-forming regions in our Galaxy, making it one of the best laboratories for studying massive star formation.
Aims. We aim to investigate the properties of molecular gas structures on different linear scales with the 4.8 GHz formaldehyde (H2CO) absorption line in Cygnus X.
Methods. As part of the GLOSTAR Galactic plane survey, we performed large-scale (7º×3º) simultaneous H2CO (11,0-11,1) spectral line and radio continuum imaging observations toward Cygnus X at λ ∼6 cm with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array and the Effelsberg 100 m radio telescope. We used auxiliary HI, 13CO (1-0), dust continuum, and dust polarization data for our analysis.
Results. Our Effelsberg observations reveal widespread H2CO (11,0-11,1) absorption with a spatial extent of ≳50 pc in Cygnus X for the first time. On large scales of 4.4 pc, the relative orientation between the local velocity gradient and the magnetic field tends to be more parallel at H2 column densities of ≳1.8×1022 cm–2. On the smaller scale of 0.17 pc, our VLA+Effelsberg combined data reveal H2CO (11,0-11,1) absorption only towards three bright HII regions. Our observations demonstrate that H2CO (11,0-11,1) is optically thin in general. The kinematic analysis supports the assertion that molecular clouds generally exhibit supersonic motions on scales of 0.17-4.4 pc. We show a non-negligible contribution of the cosmic microwave background radiation to the extended absorption features in Cygnus X. Our observations suggest that H2CO (11,0-11,1) can trace molecular gas with H2 column densities of ≳5 × 1021 cm–2 (i.e., AV ≳ 5). The ortho-H2CO fractional abundance with respect to H2 has a mean value of 7.0 × 10–10. A comparison of the velocity dispersions on different linear scales suggests that the velocity dispersions of the dominant -3 km s–1 velocity component in the prominent DR21 region are nearly identical on scales of 0.17-4.4 pc, which deviates from the expected behavior of classic turbulence.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2023

Journal keyword(s): ISM: clouds - ISM: individual objects: Cygnus X - ISM: kinematics and dynamics - ISM: molecules - ISM: structure

Simbad objects: 37

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Number of rows : 37
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME Taurus Complex SFR 04 41.0 +25 52           ~ 4971 0
2 3C 286 Sy1 13 31 08.2883506368 +30 30 32.960091564   17.51 17.25     ~ 4558 2
3 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
4 NAME Sgr A* X 17 45 40.03599 -29 00 28.1699           ~ 4970 3
5 NAME Aql Region reg 18 31.1 -02 10           ~ 456 0
6 W 51 SNR 19 23 50 +14 06.0           ~ 1352 1
7 NAME gam Cyg SNR SNR 20 20 17.100 +40 26 09.00           ~ 247 2
8 LBN 077.61+01.59 HII 20 20 39.3 +39 37 52           ~ 80 0
9 [ABB2014] WISE G078.698+01.902 HII 20 23 43.8 +40 43 38           ~ 3 0
10 IRAS 20220+3728 Y*O 20 23 55.22 +37 38 12.3           ~ 50 3
11 [ABB2014] WISE G077.402+00.841 HII 20 24 22.4 +39 03 28           ~ 2 0
12 DR 5 Rad 20 26.0 +40 11           ~ 21 0
13 18P 37 HII 20 27 13.1 +39 26 08           ~ 21 0
14 SH 2-106 HII 20 27 26.8 +37 22 49           ~ 453 1
15 DR 7 HII 20 28 09.5 +40 51 43           ~ 49 0
16 RAFGL 2591 Y*O 20 29 24.8230 +40 11 19.590           ~ 640 0
17 GAL 077.96-00.01 HII 20 29 36.72 +39 01 21.9           ~ 42 1
18 NAME Cyg X Cld 20 30 04.7973633 +40 51 36.002197           ~ 962 1
19 [ABB2014] WISE G078.177-00.363 HII 20 31 42.8 +38 58 13           ~ 7 0
20 [ABB2014] WISE G080.362+01.212 HII 20 31 51.5 +41 40 40           ~ 4 0
21 18P 59 HII 20 32 31.2 +40 16 35           ~ 75 0
22 IRAS 20307+3919 Cld 20 32 36.5 +39 30 09           ~ 16 0
23 Ass Cyg OB 2 As* 20 33.2 +41 19           ~ 1023 0
24 NAME Cygnus X South MoC 20 34.0 +39 35           ~ 19 0
25 18P 64 Rad 20 35 08.4 +41 13 20           ~ 28 0
26 DR 17 HII 20 35.2 +42 25           ~ 50 0
27 [ABB2014] WISE G081.470+01.030 HII 20 36 13 +42 27.4           ~ 3 0
28 18P 73 Rad 20 36 55.9 +41 36 29           ~ 50 0
29 NAME Cygnus X North MoC 20 37.0 +41 56           ~ 33 0
30 [ABB2014] WISE G079.915-00.504 HII 20 37 43.7 +40 17 30           ~ 3 0
31 NAME Cyg X FIR 33 Y*O 20 38 35.9 +42 37 22           B1.5 423 1
32 DR 21 SFR 20 39 01.6 +42 19 38           O4.5 1121 0
33 DR 22 HII 20 39 16.67 +41 18 44.7           ~ 51 1
34 DR 23 Rad 20 40.8 +41 54           ~ 44 0
35 [ABB2014] WISE G081.920+00.138 HII 20 41 31.8 +42 16 24           ~ 7 0
36 [ABB2014] G082.566+00.362 HII 20 42 32.5 +42 56 46           ~ 8 0
37 NGC 7027 PN 21 07 01.571952 +42 14 10.47120   10.358 8.831 10.157   ~ 2541 1

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