2023AJ....165..232B

Query : 2023AJ....165..232B

2023AJ....165..232B - Astron. J., 165, 232 (2023/June-0)

Long-term 4.6 μm Variability in Brown Dwarfs and a New Technique for Identifying Brown Dwarf Binary Candidates.

BROOKS H., KIRKPATRICK J.D., MEISNER A.M., GELINO C.R., BARDALEZ GAGLIUFFI D.C., MAROCCO F., SCHNEIDER A.C., FAHERTY J.K., CASEWELL S.L., RAGHU Y., KUCHNER M.J. (The Backyard Worlds: Planet 9 Collaboration)

Abstract (from CDS):

Using a sample of 361 nearby brown dwarfs, we have searched for 4.6 μm variability, indicative of large-scale rotational modulations or large-scale, long-term changes on timescales of over 10 yr. Our findings show no statistically significant variability in Spitzer's Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) channel 2 (ch2) or Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer W2 photometry. For Spitzer the ch2 1σ limits are ∼8 mmag for objects at 11.5 mag and ∼22 mmag for objects at 16 mag. This corresponds to no variability above 4.5% at 11.5 mag and 12.5% at 16 mag. We conclude that highly variable brown dwarfs, at least two previously published examples of which have been shown to have 4.6 μm variability above 80 mmag, are very rare. While analyzing the data, we also developed a new technique for identifying brown dwarf binary candidates in Spitzer data. We find that known binaries have IRAC ch2 point response function (PRF) flux measurements that are consistently dimmer than aperture flux measurements. We have identified 59 objects that exhibit such PRF versus aperture flux differences and are thus excellent binary brown dwarf candidates.

Abstract Copyright: © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Brown dwarfs - Low mass stars - Atmospheric variability - Binary stars - L subdwarfs

Simbad objects: 146

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Number of rows : 146
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 WISE J000517.48+373720.5 BD* 00 05 16.61400 +37 37 23.2493           T9 20 0
2 2MASS J00310928+5749364 BD* 00 31 09.28752 +57 49 36.4692           L9 16 0
3 WISE J003231.09-494651.4 BD* 00 32 31.46925 -49 46 42.9481           T8.5 8 0
4 2MASS J00345157+0523050 BD* 00 34 51.57696 +05 23 05.0964           T6.5 41 0
5 WISE J004945.61+215120.0 BD* 00 49 46.08792 +21 51 20.4300           T8.5 17 0
6 2MASSW J0051107-154417 BD* 00 51 10.7916886128 -15 44 16.952460180       21.344 18.898 L6 24 0
7 2MASS J00581143-5653326 BD* 00 58 11.43456 -56 53 32.6076           L9 5 0
8 2MASSI J0103320+193536 BD* 01 03 32.03712 +19 35 36.1824           L6V 93 0
9 CWISE J010528.09-783420.4 BD? 01 05 26.62544 -78 34 17.9451           ~ 4 0
10 2MASS J01115467-5053387 BD* 01 11 54.67032 -50 53 38.7744           T1.5 6 0
11 SIMP J013656.5+093347.3 BD* 01 36 56.5605419830 +09 33 47.311965969           T2.0 167 0
12 2MASS J01383648-0322181 BD* 01 38 36.48216 -03 22 18.1308           T3 19 0
13 WISE J014837.57-104803.0 BD? 01 48 37.56051 -10 48 02.0987           ~ 3 0
14 SIMP J0150099+382725 BD* 01 50 09.97272 +38 27 25.9308           T0 20 0
15 2MASS J01550354+0950003 BD* 01 55 03.5501844443 +09 50 00.395365641           L4 26 0
16 2MASS J02004709-5105206 BD* 02 00 47.09472 -51 05 20.6088           L7 8 0
17 2MASSW J0205034+125142 BD* 02 05 03.44232 +12 51 42.2316           L5V 37 0
18 WISE J022623.98-021142.8 BD* 02 26 24.20327 -02 11 37.6603           T7 10 0
19 WISE J030237.56-581740.2 BD* 03 02 37.37438 -58 17 39.8176           Y0: 5 1
20 WISE J030919.67-501614.3 BD* 03 09 19.12199 -50 16 16.4146           T7 8 0
21 2MASSI J0310140-275645 BD* 03 10 14.01192 -27 56 45.2760       22.104 19.652 L6.5V 20 0
22 WISEP J031325.96+780744.2 BD* 03 13 25.80778 +78 07 43.8415           T8.5 22 0
23 2MASSI J0318540-342129 BD* 03 18 54.0760885341 -34 21 29.084072887           L7 33 0
24 2MASS J03230145+5626012 BD* 03 23 01.45416 +56 26 01.2264           L7 11 1
25 WISE J032504.33-504400.3 BD* 03 25 04.27553 -50 43 58.4155           T8 13 0
26 2MASS J03303511-0025346 BD* 03 30 35.1445125920 -00 25 34.960388420           L2 27 0
27 2MASS J03305326-0350280 BD* 03 30 53.261 -03 50 28.05           L9: 6 0
28 2MASS J03334951-5856118 BD* 03 33 49.51632 -58 56 11.8428           T3 7 0
29 WISEA J033515.07+431044.7 BD* 03 35 14.26970 +43 10 53.2202           T9 20 0
30 2MASS J03365177+2826315 BD* 03 36 51.77016 +28 26 31.5672           T5 8 0
31 2MASSW J0337036-175807 BD* 03 37 03.59592 -17 58 07.9068           L4.5V 27 0
32 2MASS J03400942-6724051 BD* 03 40 09.3513800352 -67 24 04.439306050           L7:: 16 0
33 2MASS J03582255-4116060 BD* 03 58 22.55064 -41 16 06.0420           L6pec 18 1
34 2MASSI J0421072-630602 BD* 04 21 07.18488 -63 06 02.2464           L5beta 23 0
35 2MASS J04430581-3202090 BD* 04 43 05.8206810048 -32 02 08.751864732           L6.4:V 15 2
36 2MASS J04574602-0207179 BD* 04 57 46.02168 -02 07 17.9508           T2 11 0
37 WISE J045853.89+643452.5 BD* 04 58 53.57916 +64 34 49.5816           T8.5 32 0
38 2MASS J05065012+5236338 BD* 05 06 50.124 +52 36 33.87           T4.5 12 0
39 2MASSI J0512063-294954 BD* 05 12 06.36720 -29 49 54.0084           L5 30 0
40 2MASS J05212615+1025328 BD* 05 21 26.157 +10 25 32.88           T7.5 15 0
41 2MASS J06020638+4043588 BD* 06 02 06.38496 +40 43 58.8900           T4.5 18 0
42 CWISEP J063428.10+504925.9 BD? 06 34 27.57415 +50 49 43.3389           ~ 4 0
43 2MASS J06420559+4101599 BD* 06 42 05.59200 +41 01 59.9988           L9 24 0
44 2MASS J06453153-6646120 BD* 06 45 31.53216 -66 46 12.0432           sdL8 12 0
45 WISE J064723.23-623235.5 BD* 06 47 23.22644 -62 32 39.7006           Y1 24 0
46 2MASS J06475076-1546179 BD* 06 47 50.76264 -15 46 17.9976           L9.5 9 0
47 2MASS J06522224+4127366 BD* 06 52 22.246 +41 27 36.62           T0 12 0
48 WISE J071322.55-291751.9 BD* 07 13 22.28092 -29 17 47.7370           Y0 24 0
49 2MASS J07414279-0506464 PM* 07 41 42.8030753017 -05 06 46.425418524           ~ 6 0
50 ULAS J074502.79+233240.3 BD* 07 45 02.42370 +23 32 39.3411           T8.5 6 0
51 2MASS J07555430-3259589 BD* 07 55 54.30360 -32 59 58.9416           L7 6 0
52 2MASS J07584037+3247245 BD* 07 58 40.3517739525 +32 47 23.984796389           T0.0+T3.5 54 0
53 WISE J075946.98-490454.0 BD* 07 59 47.37747 -49 04 56.7180           T8 10 0
54 2MASS J08264116-1640382 BD* 08 26 41.16408 -16 40 38.2584           L9 11 0
55 WISE J083641.10-185947.0 BD* 08 36 41.20406 -18 59 45.1583           T8pec 12 0
56 2MASS J08523490+4720359 BD* 08 52 34.90920 +47 20 35.9052           L9.5 22 0
57 WISE J085716.24+560407.6 BD* 08 57 17.10196 +56 04 10.0604           T8 14 0
58 2MASS J08575849+5708514 BD* 08 57 58.4721442289 +57 08 51.414025854           L7V 57 0
59 2MASS J09054654+5623117 BD* 09 05 46.5422803944 +56 23 11.809636944           L5 27 0
60 2MASS J09205549+4539058 BD* 09 20 55.4842057539 +45 39 05.071206273           L9.5 18 0
61 2MASSI J1010148-040649 BD* 10 10 14.80704 -04 06 49.9320           L6 73 0
62 2MASSW J1036530-344138 BD* 10 36 53.0605368096 -34 41 38.377435973           L6 30 0
63 WISE J103907.73-160002.9 BD* 10 39 07.88280 -16 00 01.5876           T7.5 12 0
64 2MASSI J1043075+222523 BD* 10 43 07.58328 +22 25 23.6100           L8.5 37 0
65 WISEA J105130.02-213859.9 BD* 10 51 29.92545 -21 38 57.9890           T8.5 10 0
66 2MASS J11040127+1959217 BD* 11 04 01.2774943824 +19 59 21.714139176           L4 50 0
67 CFBDS J111807-064016 BD* 11 18 06.99685 -06 40 07.8921           T2 4 0
68 2MASS J11243854-0421504 BD* 11 24 38.540 -04 21 50.44           T7 13 0
69 2MASS J11322058-3809562 BD* 11 32 20.58600 -38 09 56.2428           L7.0 5 1
70 WISE J114156.71-332635.8 BD* 11 41 57.47446 -33 26 34.5730           Y0 14 0
71 WISE J115013.85+630241.5 BD* 11 50 13.23085 +63 02 47.1108           T8 14 0
72 2MASS J11555389+0559577 BD* 11 55 53.89032 +05 59 57.7032           L7.5 39 0
73 2MASS J12035812+0015500 BD* 12 03 58.1345813415 +00 15 50.101214352           L5.0V 47 1
74 2MASS J12130336-0432437 BD* 12 13 03.3425411711 -04 32 43.748365858           L4.2V 33 0
75 WISE J121756.90+162640.8 BD* 12 17 56.35451 +16 26 53.6955           T9+Y0 51 0
76 2MASS J12195156+3128497 BD* 12 19 51.56064 +31 28 49.7136           L9 28 0
77 ULAS2MASS J1231+0847 BD* 12 31 47.53608 +08 47 33.1116           T6 37 0
78 WISE J125715.90+400854.2 BD* 12 57 15.61104 +40 08 52.0042           T7 11 0
79 2MASS J13240776+1906271 BD* 13 24 07.76184 +19 06 27.1980           T3.5 11 0
80 2MASS J13243553+6358281 BD* 13 24 35.53752 +63 58 28.1532           L8.0+T3.5 61 1
81 2MASS J13262981-0038314 BD* 13 26 29.81880 -00 38 31.4880           L5.5V 48 0
82 2MASS J14003541-3850109 BD* 14 00 35.41560 -38 50 10.9824           T4 7 0
83 2MASS J14075361+1241099 BD* 14 07 53.6114973694 +12 41 09.902509195           L4 22 0
84 WISE J145838.11+173447.7 BD* 14 58 38.41205 +17 34 47.3830           T8 4 0
85 WISE J151906.63+700931.4 BD* 15 19 05.97911 +70 09 36.5346           T8 8 0
86 2MASSI J1526140+204341 BD* 15 26 14.0097630623 +20 43 40.439684259           L5 46 0
87 2MASS J15345325+1219495 BD* 15 34 53.2688675472 +12 19 49.340326224           L3 24 0
88 CWISEP J153859.39+482659.1 BD? 15 38 59.35528 +48 27 05.2859           ~ 4 0
89 CWISEP J160835.01-244244.7 BD? 16 08 34.70205 -24 42 44.2100           ~ 4 0
90 SIMP J1619275+031350 BD* 16 19 27.51936 +03 13 50.7108           T2.5+T4.0 15 0
91 2MASS J16234157-7402266 BD* 16 23 41.57064 -74 02 26.6388           L9 7 0
92 2MASS J16291840+0335371 BD* 16 29 18.40896 +03 35 37.1040           T2 34 0
93 2MASS J16394085-6847446 BD? 16 39 40.8697502880 -68 47 44.549497104           ~ 8 1
94 2MASS J16584290+5103383 BD* 16 58 42.8624854166 +51 03 37.861454995           L6pec 14 0
95 WISE J171104.60+350036.8 BD* 17 11 04.72800 +35 00 37.6328           T8+T9.5 26 0
96 2MASS J17125805+0645416 BD* 17 12 58.054 +06 45 41.61           T2pec 8 0
97 2MASS J17213449+1117379 BD* 17 21 34.499 +11 17 37.92           T6 10 0
98 WISE J172907.02-753017.3 BD* 17 29 06.90070 -75 30 15.7382           T7 5 0
99 2MASS J17345400-4813556 BD* 17 34 54.00960 -48 13 55.6608           L5 4 0
100 WISE J173551.72-820900.1 BD* 17 35 52.90140 -82 08 57.7174           T6 7 0
101 2MASS J17410280-4642218 BD* 17 41 02.80656 -46 42 21.8520           L5:gamma 30 0
102 2MASS J17430367+4211558 BD* 17 43 03.67392 +42 11 55.8276           T4.5 12 0
103 2MASS J17461199+5034036 BD* 17 46 11.9722216632 +50 34 03.391567212           L5.7V 25 0
104 2MASS J17551062+1803203 BD* 17 55 10.62048 +18 03 20.3076           T2 14 0
105 2MASS J18095256-0448081 BD* 18 09 52.56024 -04 48 08.1540           T1 17 1
106 WISE J181329.40+283533.3 BD* 18 13 29.51334 +28 35 36.8572           T8 12 0
107 WISE J181849.69-470146.4 BD? 18 18 49.71046 -47 01 41.5413           ~ 5 0
108 WISE J183207.99-540942.0 BD* 18 32 08.16100 -54 09 40.8093           T7 7 0
109 2MASS J18510178+5935040 BD* 18 51 01.7897450428 +59 35 04.157966693           L9 20 0
110 2MASS J19010601+4718136 BD* 19 01 06.01920 +47 18 13.6620           T5 20 0
111 2MASS J19191519+3045536 BD* 19 19 15.195 +30 45 53.60           L6 11 0
112 2MASS J19251275+0700362 BD* 19 25 12.7613619168 +07 00 36.343972800           L7 11 0
113 2MASS J19284155+2356016 BD* 19 28 41.5090336291 +23 56 02.170381969           T6 20 0
114 WISENF J193656.08+040801.2 BD? 19 36 56.32063 +04 08 13.4282           ~ 5 0
115 WISE J195500.42-254013.9 BD* 19 55 00.13514 -25 40 11.1228           T8 8 0
116 2MASS J19590564-3338314 BD* 19 59 05.64912 -33 38 31.4412           T8 16 0
117 2MASS J20005017+3629465 BD* 20 00 50.177 +36 29 46.54           T8 15 0
118 WISE J201404.13+042408.5 BD* 20 14 04.52908 +04 24 05.1945           T6.5pec 14 0
119 WISE J201547.05+664646.0 BD* 20 15 45.53646 +66 46 40.0973           T8 8 1
120 WISE J201833.63-141720.7 BD? 20 18 33.60103 -14 17 21.7861           ~ 5 0
121 2MASS J20304235+0749358 BD* 20 30 42.3303246733 +07 49 35.779174946           T1.5 28 0
122 WISE J204356.42+622048.9 BD* 20 43 55.97934 +62 20 43.8169           T1.5 9 0
123 CWISEP J210007.87-293139.8 BD? 21 00 07.43571 -29 31 38.5451           ~ 3 0
124 2MASS J21171431-2940034 BD* 21 17 14.31216 -29 40 03.4176           T0: 15 0
125 2MASS J21265916+7617440 BD* 21 26 59.1456055233 +76 17 43.378498934           T0p 14 0
126 CWISEP J213249.05+690113.7 BD? 21 32 48.49930 +69 01 11.7590           ~ 3 0
127 2MASS J21373742+0808463 BD* 21 37 37.3952876712 +08 08 46.264257535           L5 23 0
128 CFBDS J213926+022023 BD* 21 39 26.76936 +02 20 22.6968           L8.5+T3.5 108 0
129 2MASS J21415505-5118506 BD* 21 41 55.0839759103 -51 18 50.642431832           L6pec 9 0
130 2MASS J21522609+0937575 BD* 21 52 26.09064 +09 37 57.5328           L6+L6 25 0
131 2MASS J21543318+5942187 BD* 21 54 33.18696 +59 42 18.7740           T6 21 0
132 Wolf 1154 C BD* 22 01 17.017 +32 22 06.21           T2.5 6 0
133 2MASS J22282889-4310262 BD* 22 28 28.89432 -43 10 26.2740           T6.5 74 0
134 2MASS J22361685+5105487 BD* 22 36 16.85640 +51 05 48.7212           T5 19 0
135 2MASS J22393718+1617127 BD* 22 39 37.18608 +16 17 12.7500           T3 21 0
136 2MASSI J2249091+320549 BD* 22 49 09.2290510306 +32 05 48.773703029           L5 21 0
137 SIPS J2255-5713 BD* 22 55 18.5785255822 -57 13 06.200631761       20.58   L6:+L8 24 0
138 WISE J230228.68-713441.6 BD? 23 02 28.89610 -71 34 41.9256           ~ 5 0
139 WISE J231336.38-803700.1 BD* 23 13 35.23754 -80 36 56.1420           T8 12 0
140 2MASS J23174712-4838501 BD* 23 17 47.1109705896 -48 38 50.251521552           L5 22 0
141 2MASSI J2325453+425148 BD* 23 25 45.3034346736 +42 51 48.360303216           L8 30 0
142 2MASS J23272850-2730573 BD* 23 27 28.50960 -27 30 57.3624           L9 12 0
143 2MASS J23312378-4718274 BD* 23 31 23.78712 -47 18 27.4356           T5 25 0
144 2MASSI J2339101+135230 BD* 23 39 10.25160 +13 52 28.4772           T5.4 32 0
145 2MASSI J2344062-073328 BD* 23 44 06.2505396336 -07 33 28.380219048           L6.0V 19 0
146 2MASS J23571646+1227475 BD* 23 57 16.46808 +12 27 47.5740           T6 12 0

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