2023AJ....166..107K

We report the discoveries of low-mass free-floating planet (FFP) candidates from the analysis of 2006-2014 MOA-II Galactic bulge survey data. In this data set, we found 6111 microlensing candidates and identified a statistical sample consisting of 3535 high-quality single-lens events with Einstein radius crossing times in the range 0.057 < t_E/days < 757, including 13 events that show clear finite-source effects with angular Einstein radii of 0.90 < θ_E/μas < 332.54. Two of the 12 events with t_E < 1 day have significant finite-source effects, and one event, MOA-9y-5919, with t_E = 0.057 ± 0.016 days and θ_E = 0.90 ± 0.14 μas, is the second terrestrial-mass FFP candidate to date. A Bayesian analysis indicates a lens mass of ${0.75}_{-0.46}^{+1.23}$M_⊕ for this event. The low detection efficiency for short-duration events implies a large population of low-mass FFPs. The microlensing detection efficiency for low-mass planet events depends on both the Einstein radius crossing times and the angular Einstein radii, so we have used image-level simulations to determine the detection efficiency dependence on both t_E and θ_E. This allows us to use a Galactic model to simulate the t_E and θ_E distribution of events produced by the known stellar populations and models of the FFP distribution that are fit to the data. Methods like this will be needed for the more precise FFP demographics determinations from Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope data.