2023ApJ...944..143W

Hydrodynamic simulations suggest that galactic gas disks form when coplanar gas spirals into the inner regions of the disk. We recently presented a simple modified accretion disk model of viscous galactic disks in which star formation is fed by a radial flow of gas. However, little observational evidence has been presented for such inflows, which are expected to be only a few kilometers per second in the central regions of the disk, i.e., within four disk scale lengths, but could reach of order 50-100 km s^–1 in the very outer disk. The effects of systematic inflow on the 2D velocity field are examined and it is shown that these are quite similar to those produced by geometric warps of the disks, with twist distortions of both the kinematic major and minor axes. This makes it potentially difficult to distinguish between these in practice. By comparing the handedness of the observed twisting of the kinematic axes and of the spiral arms for a sample of nearby galaxies, we find (assuming that the spiral arms are generally trailing) that the effects of warps are in fact likely to dominate over the effects of radial inflows. However, the common practice of treating these twist distortions of the kinematic major and minor axes as being due only to warps can lead, for galaxies of low-to-intermediate inclinations, to substantial underestimates of any systematic inflow.