2023ApJ...945L..19S

Query : 2023ApJ...945L..19S

2023ApJ...945L..19S - Astrophys. J., 945, L19 (2023/March-2)

Star Formation Laws and Efficiencies across 80 Nearby Galaxies.

SUN J., LEROY A.K., OSTRIKER E.C., MEIDT S., ROSOLOWSKY E., SCHINNERER E., WILSON C.D., UTOMO D., BELFIORE F., BLANC G.A., EMSELLEM E., FAESI C., GROVES B., HUGHES A., KOCH E.W., KRECKEL K., LIU D., PAN H.-A., PETY J., QUEREJETA M., RAZZA A., SAITO T., SARDONE A., USERO A., WILLIAMS T.G., BIGIEL F., BOLATTO A.D., CHEVANCE M., DALE D.A., GENSIOR J., GLOVER S.C.O., GRASHA K., HENSHAW J.D., JIMENEZ-DONAIRE M.J., KLESSEN R.S., KRUIJSSEN J.M.D., MURPHY E.J., NEUMANN L., TENG Y.-H. and THILKER D.A.

Abstract (from CDS):

We measure empirical relationships between the local star formation rate (SFR) and properties of the star-forming molecular gas on 1.5 kpc scales across 80 nearby galaxies. These relationships, commonly referred to as “star formation laws,” aim at predicting the local SFR surface density from various combinations of molecular gas surface density, galactic orbital time, molecular cloud free fall time, and the interstellar medium dynamical equilibrium pressure. Leveraging a multiwavelength database built for the Physics at High Angular Resolution in Nearby Galaxies (PHANGS) survey, we measure these quantities consistently across all galaxies and quantify systematic uncertainties stemming from choices of SFR calibrations and the CO-to-H2 conversion factors. The star formation laws we examine show 0.3-0.4 dex of intrinsic scatter, among which the molecular Kennicutt-Schmidt relation shows a ∼10% larger scatter than the other three. The slope of this relation ranges β ≈ 0.9-1.2, implying that the molecular gas depletion time remains roughly constant across the environments probed in our sample. The other relations have shallower slopes (β ≈ 0.6-1.0), suggesting that the star formation efficiency per orbital time, the star formation efficiency per free fall time, and the pressure-to-SFR surface density ratio (i.e., the feedback yield) vary systematically with local molecular gas and SFR surface densities. Last but not least, the shapes of the star formation laws depend sensitively on methodological choices. Different choices of SFR calibrations can introduce systematic uncertainties of at least 10%-15% in the star formation law slopes and 0.15-0.25 dex in their normalization, while the CO-to-H2 conversion factors can additionally produce uncertainties of 20%-25% for the slope and 0.10-0.20 dex for the normalization.

Abstract Copyright: © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Interstellar medium - Star formation - Galaxy evolution - Scaling relations

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/ApJ/945/L19): galaxies.dat tablea1.dat>

Simbad objects: 80

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Number of rows : 80
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 253 SyG 00 47 33.134 -25 17 19.68   8.03   6.94 8.1 ~ 3588 2
2 NGC 300 GiG 00 54 53.4465638304 -37 41 03.168402396 8.83 8.69 8.13 7.46   ~ 1614 2
3 M 74 G 01 36 41.7451236624 +15 47 01.107512304 10.52 10.00 9.46 9.16   ~ 1934 1
4 NGC 685 Sy2 01 47 42.8337567552 -52 45 42.808467960   12.02   11.08 11.9 ~ 130 0
5 NGC 1097 LIN 02 46 19.059 -30 16 29.68 10.46 9.97 9.48 8.72 9.8 ~ 1448 3
6 NGC 1087 H2G 02 46 25.1550134904 -00 29 55.457857644   11.5   11.4 11.5 ~ 379 0
7 NGC 1300 Sy2 03 19 41.0462219928 -19 24 40.187565432   11.16 10.42 9.90 10.7 ~ 616 0
8 NGC 1317 GiP 03 22 44.2823209512 -37 06 13.180903956 12.20 11.78 11.02 10.22   ~ 240 1
9 IC 1954 GiG 03 31 31.393 -51 54 17.54   12.14   11.15 11.8 ~ 149 0
10 NGC 1365 Sy1 03 33 36.458 -36 08 26.37 10.48 10.08 9.63 8.79 9.7 ~ 1987 2
11 NGC 1385 EmG 03 37 28.323 -24 30 04.60 11.28 11.50 10.94 10.45 11.7 ~ 318 2
12 NGC 1433 Sy2 03 42 01.4847418992 -47 13 18.929092656   10.84 9.99 9.61 10.2 ~ 447 0
13 NGC 1511 G 03 59 36.98373 -67 38 03.3430   11.97   10.74 11.1 ~ 158 1
14 NGC 1512 GiP 04 03 54.281 -43 20 55.86 11.30 11.43 10.54 10.37   ~ 457 1
15 NGC 1546 EmG 04 14 36.542 -56 03 38.92 12.15 12.31 10.92 10.84 11.2 ~ 133 1
16 NGC 1559 GiG 04 17 35.7508602240 -62 47 01.251567384   11.19 10.45 10.11 10.4 ~ 325 1
17 NGC 1566 Sy1 04 20 00.3968473248 -54 56 16.624708764 10.29 10.19 9.73 9.21 10.1 ~ 1051 2
18 NGC 1637 Sy2 04 41 28.1926876152 -02 51 28.667815488   11.4   11.0 11.3 ~ 444 0
19 NGC 1809 GiG 05 02 05.008 -69 34 05.82   12.1   11.3 11.4 ~ 69 0
20 NGC 1792 Sy1 05 05 14.4036930408 -37 58 50.064531168   10.68 10.18 9.53 10.4 ~ 261 1
21 NGC 2090 GiG 05 47 01.8557074752 -34 15 01.679264784 12.17 11.70 11.20 10.43 11.0 ~ 206 1
22 NGC 2283 AG? 06 45 52.7901073776 -18 12 37.550287368   12.94   10.72 11.8 ~ 77 0
23 NGC 2566 GiG 08 18 45.608 -25 29 58.27   11.81   10.50 11.2 ~ 102 0
24 NGC 2775 AG? 09 10 20.1334093488 +07 02 16.874157048   11.417 10.481 9.920 8.994 ~ 377 0
25 NGC 2835 EmG 09 17 52.8523921416 -22 21 16.839119700   11.03   10.32 10.9 ~ 285 0
26 NGC 2903 AGN 09 32 10.111 +21 30 02.99 10.44 9.75 9.07 8.68   ~ 1204 3
27 NGC 2997 GiG 09 45 38.7542237472 -31 11 27.345810192   9.97 9.41 8.84 9.9 ~ 454 1
28 NGC 3059 EmG 09 50 08.181 -73 55 19.96   11.56 11.24 10.66 11.5 ~ 113 1
29 NGC 3137 Sy2 10 09 07.478 -29 03 51.48   12.21   10.80 11.9 ~ 83 0
30 NGC 3239 AG? 10 25 04.867 +17 09 49.21   13.5       ~ 202 0
31 M 95 GiP 10 43 57.7313485800 +11 42 13.301191332 10.71 10.51 9.73 9.48   ~ 1238 2
32 NGC 3489 GiG 11 00 18.5483994744 +13 54 04.206202668 11.46 11.12 10.29     ~ 429 1
33 NGC 3511 EmG 11 03 23.8201544712 -23 05 12.133861188   11.66   10.53 11.1 ~ 182 0
34 NGC 3507 AGN 11 03 25.3619733360 +18 08 07.607343732   11.4       ~ 211 0
35 NGC 3521 EmG 11 05 48.5680991376 -00 02 09.245076540 10.06 9.83 9.02 10.1 9.6 ~ 879 2
36 NGC 3596 H2G 11 15 06.2081129496 +14 47 13.284196332   12.01 11.49 10.99 10.45 ~ 226 0
37 NGC 3599 GiP 11 15 26.9494646448 +18 06 37.428503940   13.0       ~ 226 0
38 NGC 3621 Sy2 11 18 16.300 -32 48 45.36 10.10 9.44 9.56 8.07 10.1 ~ 661 3
39 NGC 3626 GiG 11 20 03.8069651160 +18 21 24.543304164   11.2       ~ 282 0
40 M 66 AGN 11 20 15.0 +12 59 29 9.85 9.65 8.92     ~ 1509 4
41 M 99 H2G 12 18 49.625 +14 24 59.36 10.45 10.44 9.87     ~ 1004 2
42 NGC 4293 LIN 12 21 12.891 +18 22 56.64   11.6       ~ 311 2
43 NGC 4298 GiC 12 21 32.7578814360 +14 36 22.048690716   12.04 11.34     ~ 358 1
44 M 61 Sy2 12 21 54.9282582888 +04 28 25.597367184 10.07 10.18 9.65     ~ 1084 1
45 M 100 AGN 12 22 54.9299993592 +15 49 20.296257960 10.04 10.05 9.35     ~ 1963 2
46 NGC 4457 LIN 12 28 59.0252479200 +03 34 14.215556928   11.9       ~ 342 0
47 NGC 4459 H2G 12 29 00.0329905416 +13 58 42.826603332   11.6       ~ 567 0
48 NGC 4476 GiG 12 29 59.0772974472 +12 20 55.292203464 13.28 13.01 12.19     ~ 340 1
49 NGC 4477 Sy2 12 30 02.1955766304 +13 38 11.543715888 11.98 11.38 10.42     ~ 419 2
50 NGC 4496 GiP 12 31 39.2222392512 +03 56 21.641352828   11.71       ~ 376 0
51 NGC 4535 H2G 12 34 20.3443516704 +08 11 51.908488116   11.1       ~ 679 0
52 NGC 4536 H2G 12 34 27.12887 +02 11 16.3680 11.14 11.16 10.55 17.393   ~ 913 3
53 NGC 4540 GiG 12 34 50.8741239840 +15 33 06.116283900   12.5       ~ 220 1
54 M 91 LIN 12 35 26.4446761320 +14 29 46.760333748   14.63 13.57     ~ 639 0
55 M 90 Sy2 12 36 49.8009839880 +13 09 46.523813040 10.56 10.26 9.54     ~ 953 1
56 NGC 4571 GiC 12 36 56.3722998960 +14 13 02.296534836   13.6       ~ 368 1
57 NGC 4596 GiP 12 39 55.9544722920 +10 10 34.185047628   12.4       ~ 387 0
58 NGC 4689 H2G 12 47 45.5568088416 +13 45 46.135889100   12.8       ~ 418 0
59 NGC 4731 Sy2 12 51 01.095 -06 23 34.98   12.0   16.23 12.0 ~ 197 0
60 NGC 4781 Sy2 12 54 23.7751070304 -10 32 13.803431280   11.8   11.28 11.7 ~ 167 1
61 M 64 SyG 12 56 43.696 +21 40 57.57   9.36 8.52     ~ 1010 2
62 NGC 4941 Sy2 13 04 13.1036380320 -05 33 05.752803672   13.18 12.23 10.74   ~ 410 0
63 NGC 4951 Sy2 13 05 07.7079609936 -06 29 37.815206856   12.5   11.45 12.1 ~ 106 0
64 NGC 5042 EmG 13 15 31.3408530288 -23 58 56.693694144   12.49   11.21 11.6 ~ 98 0
65 NGC 5068 AG? 13 18 54.807 -21 02 20.76 11.24 10.53 10.01 9.78 10.1 ~ 354 0
66 NGC 5134 EmG 13 25 18.5250908808 -21 08 03.066281880   12.11   10.77 11.3 ~ 127 0
67 NAME Centaurus A BLL 13 25 27.61521044 -43 01 08.8050291   8.18 6.84 6.66   ~ 4774 3
68 M 83 SBG 13 37 00.91920 -29 51 56.7400 8.85 8.11 7.52 7.21   ~ 2778 2
69 NGC 5248 G 13 37 32.0145074088 +08 53 06.496982448   11.4       ~ 554 0
70 NAME Circinus Galaxy Sy2 14 13 09.906 -65 20 20.47   10.89 9.84 10.6 10.0 ~ 1331 1
71 NGC 5530 AG? 14 18 27.10 -43 23 14.8   11.78 11.00 10.84 11.4 ~ 110 0
72 NGC 5643 Sy2 14 32 40.778 -44 10 28.60   11.03 13.60 9.92 10.6 ~ 652 1
73 NGC 6300 Sy2 17 16 59.5418094960 -62 49 13.946588832   10.88 13.08 9.44 10.2 ~ 478 1
74 NGC 6744 GiG 19 09 46.1335950504 -63 51 26.897079024   9.28 8.25 8.08 9.6 ~ 303 0
75 IC 5273 EmG 22 59 26.719 -37 42 10.36   11.90 11.45 11.07 11.6 ~ 153 0
76 NGC 7456 Sy2 23 02 10.3552289496 -39 34 09.916618440   12.27   11.45 12.0 ~ 118 0
77 NGC 7496 Sy2 23 09 47.2876854912 -43 25 40.279652796   11.92 13.90 10.95 11.5 ~ 350 1
78 IC 5332 GiG 23 34 27.488 -36 06 03.89 11.59 11.27 10.72 10.50 11.2 ~ 216 0
79 NGC 7743 Sy2 23 44 21.1607807112 +09 56 02.970989664   14.19 13.28     ~ 334 0
80 NGC 7793 GiG 23 57 49.7540045856 -32 35 27.701550744 10.26 9.74 9.28 9.06 9.7 ~ 1188 2

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