2023ApJ...950..123Z


Query : 2023ApJ...950..123Z

2023ApJ...950..123Z - Astrophys. J., 950, 123 (2023/June-3)

Exploring TeV Candidates of Fermi Blazars through Machine Learning.

ZHU J.T., LIN C., XIAO H.B., FAN J.H., BASTIERI D. and WANG G.G.

Abstract (from CDS):

In this work, we make use of a supervised machine-learning algorithm based on Logistic Regression (LR) to select TeV blazar candidates from the 4FGL-DR2/4LAC-DR2, 3FHL, 3HSP, and 2BIGB catalogs. LR constructs a hyperplane based on a selection of optimal parameters, named features, and hyperparameters whose values control the learning process and determine the values of features that a learning algorithm ends up learning, to discriminate TeV blazars from non-TeV blazars. In addition, it gives the probability (or logistic) that a source may be considered a TeV blazar candidate. Non-TeV blazars with logistics greater than 80% are considered high-confidence TeV candidates. Using this technique, we identify 40 high-confidence TeV candidates from the 4FGL-DR2/4LAC-DR2 blazars and we build the feature hyperplane to distinguish TeV and non-TeV blazars. We also calculate the hyperplanes for the 3FHL, 3HSP, and 2BIGB. Finally, we construct the broadband spectral energy distributions for the 40 candidates, testing for their detectability with various instruments. We find that seven of them are likely to be detected by existing or upcoming IACT observatories, while one could be observed with extensive air shower particle detector arrays.

Abstract Copyright: © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Blazars

Simbad objects: 121

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Number of rows : 121
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA
ICRS (J2000)
DEC
Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026
#notes
1 2MASX J00135605-1854066 BLL 00 13 56.0426451480 -18 54 06.702770232   17.01   15.82   ~ 86 1
2 KUV 00311-1938 BLL 00 33 34.3800569400 -19 21 33.134193864       16.6   ~ 125 0
3 RX J0035.8+5950 BLL 00 35 52.6448284115 +59 50 04.513482441     19.5 17.2   ~ 195 1
4 LEDA 1413300 BLL 00 37 50.8803675096 +12 38 19.876764084 17.59 16.83 16.22 14.7   ~ 49 1
5 PMN J0051-6242 BLL 00 51 16.6464761530 -62 42 04.408098612 17.50 17.42 17.38   16.493 ~ 59 1
6 4C 67.04 BLL 01 10 12.8719451560 +68 05 41.224178773           ~ 73 1
7 1RXS J011050.0-125455 BLL 01 10 50.0027980080 -12 55 03.840567384   18.57   17.35   ~ 40 0
8 QSO B0109+224 BLL 01 12 05.8247044608 +22 44 38.785880796   16.00 15.66 15.47   ~ 373 2
9 RX J0115.7+2520 BLL 01 15 46.1420552904 +25 19 53.344003368 18.08 17.88 18.52     ~ 85 1
10 2MASS J01233839-2310585 BLL 01 23 38.3498181576 -23 10 58.873955124     19.00 17.6   ~ 43 1
11 1RXS J013632.9+390556 BLL 01 36 32.5983798936 +39 05 59.199517428       15.5   ~ 146 2
12 PMN J0152+0146 BLL 01 52 39.6109440384 +01 47 17.385104112       11.8   ~ 155 1
13 RX J0159.5+1047 BLL 01 59 34.3926041136 +10 47 05.769856932       16.7   ~ 72 1
14 PMN J0209-5229 BLL 02 09 21.6157612080 -52 29 22.788843756 17.30 17.00 16.69 14.5   ~ 62 1
15 ICRF J021113.1+105134 BLL 02 11 13.1774921592 +10 51 34.798753116 13.96 13.63 13.40 15.42   ~ 161 1
16 RX J0214.2+5144 BLL 02 14 17.9358553848 +51 44 51.945795816       16.5   ~ 133 1
17 6C 021803+354230 BLL 02 21 05.4920852208 +35 56 13.848581904   20.0 20.0 19.60   ~ 603 3
18 3C 66A BLL 02 22 39.6114771888 +43 02 07.799534304   15.71 15.21 14.5   ~ 942 2
19 RX J0232.8+2017 BLL 02 32 48.6148874688 +20 17 17.486717388     18.00 13.96   ~ 387 1
20 RBS 337 BLL 02 38 32.4803496720 -31 16 58.063079280 16.86 16.81 16.46 16.00   ~ 82 1
21 1RXS J024439.8-581953 BLL 02 44 40.3008303168 -58 19 54.629552928   18.66   17.05   ~ 60 0
22 PKS J0303-2407 BLL 03 03 26.5025589984 -24 07 11.426291220   16.55 16.18     ~ 249 1
23 RX J0319.8+1845 BLL 03 19 51.8082475320 +18 45 34.562475432           ~ 223 1
24 LEDA 398865 Bla 03 25 22.67270 -56 29 04.9753       17.9   ~ 58 0
25 QSO B0346-279 Bla 03 48 38.14457039 -27 49 13.5657855   20.08 18.63 17.72   ~ 219 1
26 QSO B0347-121 BLL 03 49 23.1862105584 -11 59 27.366035532   18.74 18.2 17.46   ~ 245 1
27 PMN J0416+0105 BLL 04 16 52.4945693352 +01 05 23.899102620   16.86 16.38 16   ~ 302 1
28 PKS J0449-4350 BLL 04 49 24.6981911928 -43 50 08.960970948 14.95 17.52 15.24 16.27   ~ 190 1
29 RX J0507.9+6737 BLL 05 07 56.1631660632 +67 37 24.225299292       17.2   ~ 196 1
30 PMN J0509+0541 BLL 05 09 25.9644373872 +05 41 35.333820420 15.32 14.95 14.78 15.12   ~ 589 2
31 RX J0521.7+2112 BLL 05 21 45.9657388992 +21 12 51.452786736           ~ 162 1
32 PMN J0544-5532 BLL 05 43 57.2123766984 -55 32 07.327939200 17.34 17.18 17.09 16.5   ~ 84 1
33 PKS J0550-3216 BLL 05 50 40.5705144672 -32 16 16.484718648   16.07 15.5     ~ 424 1
34 6dFGS gJ062222.1-260545 BLL 06 22 22.0636928064 -26 05 44.639633796   18.57   17.07   ~ 46 0
35 RX J0648.7+1516 BLL 06 48 47.6488006968 +15 16 24.797585352       16.2   ~ 99 1
36 RX J0650.7+2502 BLL 06 50 46.4900658984 +25 02 59.625654828 16.17 15.97 15.79 16.3   ~ 175 2
37 RX J0710.5+5908 BLL 07 10 30.0683697888 +59 08 20.371772544   17.38 16.52 15.1   ~ 249 1
38 8C 0716+714 BLL 07 21 53.4482942664 +71 20 36.363846516   15.5 15.50 14.27   ~ 1388 1
39 NVSS J073326+515355 BLL 07 33 26.7912880992 +51 53 55.910791896           ~ 64 0
40 QSO B0736+01 Bla 07 39 18.03389906 +01 37 04.6177501   16.90 16.47 16.19   ~ 738 1
41 PMN J0803-0336 BLL 08 03 12.0784588526 -03 36 00.582280973           ~ 46 1
42 RX J0805.4+7534 BLL 08 05 26.6463654144 +75 34 25.040530200       15.2   ~ 69 1
43 RX J0809.8+5218 BLL 08 09 49.1868285744 +52 18 58.249938744   16.11 15.59 14.6   ~ 302 1
44 PMN J0811+0237 BLL 08 12 01.8570721368 +02 37 33.086136180           ~ 47 1
45 PMN J0816-1311 BLL 08 16 27.2037492048 -13 11 52.623678156 17.15 17.09 17.00 16.93   ~ 80 1
46 RX J0847.2+1133 BLL 08 47 12.9303893448 +11 33 50.153057640       16.6   ~ 121 1
47 PG 0851+202 BLL 08 54 48.8749846272 +20 06 30.639583620   15.649 15.146 15.446   ~ 2513 1
48 QSO B0903-573 BLL 09 04 53.1791655231 -57 35 05.782508724           ~ 131 1
49 RX J0912.5+1555 BLL 09 12 30.6092069976 +15 55 28.012892088       17.4   ~ 47 1
50 PMN J0912-2103 BLL 09 13 00.2229216720 -21 03 21.039728508   17.82   16.42   ~ 82 1
51 6C 095456+654857 BLL 09 58 47.2451872176 +65 33 54.819354600     17.0 15.75   ~ 771 1
52 QSO B1004-217 Bla 10 06 46.4138565672 -21 59 20.411032848   17.05 16.89 16.29   ~ 111 1
53 6dFGS gJ101016.0-311909 BLL 10 10 15.9790879224 -31 19 08.411407176   17.61   16.09   ~ 97 1
54 RX J1015.0+4926 BLL 10 15 04.1396533776 +49 26 00.706055496   16.56 16.15 14.58   ~ 400 3
55 2MASS J10265858-1748587 BLL 10 26 58.5790468080 -17 48 58.866686460   18.39 16.60 17.02   ~ 56 0
56 RX J1031.3+5053 BLL 10 31 18.5251007784 +50 53 35.817278064   17.25 16.98 16.3   ~ 210 2
57 6C 102716+745713 BLL 10 31 22.0246130736 +74 41 58.344586116     17.2 13.6   ~ 97 1
58 RX J1058.5+2817 BLL 10 58 29.8948700640 +28 17 46.215179520   19.23 18.62 17.6   ~ 48 1
59 RX J1058.6+5628 BLL 10 58 37.7276569824 +56 28 11.207405028   16.80 16.31 14.58   ~ 232 1
60 PMN J1103-2329 BLL 11 03 37.6150845072 -23 29 31.203773520   17.00 16.55 16.61   ~ 405 1
61 Z 184-50 BLL 11 04 27.3140835504 +38 12 31.798495872   13.50 12.90 8.31   ~ 2841 1
62 RX J1117.1+2014 BLL 11 17 06.2512673640 +20 14 07.380923028           ~ 159 1
63 RX J1120.7+4212 BLL 11 20 48.0624161160 +42 12 12.465387612   17.55 17.11 16.9   ~ 130 2
64 Z 334-43 BLL 11 36 26.4090783600 +70 09 27.309071232   15.16 14.49 10.51   ~ 394 1
65 HS 1133+6753 BLL 11 36 30.0868711488 +67 37 04.345988232   18.19 17.45 15.3   ~ 161 1
66 Ton 599 Bla 11 59 31.83391383 +29 14 43.8268224   14.80 14.41 17.652 13.39 ~ 989 1
67 RX J1217.8+3007 BLL 12 17 52.0819904040 +30 07 00.634936872   16.07 15.62 13.47   G7 516 1
68 PG 1218+304 BLL 12 21 21.9426947832 +30 10 37.158534012   16.50 15.85 15.7   ~ 497 1
69 7C 1219+2830 BLL 12 21 31.6904439888 +28 13 58.500308172   16.81 16.11 14.24   ~ 924 1
70 RX J1224.4+2436 BLL 12 24 24.1862962656 +24 36 23.499792828   17.93 17.37     ~ 162 1
71 7C 122223.5+213929 Bla 12 24 54.4583146056 +21 22 46.385507388   17.56 17.50 18.2   ~ 770 2
72 RX J1230.2+2518 BLL 12 30 14.0893292232 +25 18 07.136022996   15.6   14.78   ~ 177 1
73 7C 122915.40+290414.00 BLL 12 31 43.5724342752 +28 47 49.770870684   17.90 17.38     ~ 99 2
74 3C 279 Bla 12 56 11.16657958 -05 47 21.5251510   18.01 17.75 15.87   ~ 3205 2
75 6C 131034+484447 Bla 13 12 43.35362141 +48 28 30.9405577   21.8 20.3 20.00   ~ 109 1
76 RX J1315.0-4236 BLL 13 15 03.3912307368 -42 36 49.760844084   18.07   16.59   ~ 114 0
77 QSO B1413+135 BLL 14 15 58.81751033 +13 20 23.7128587   21.055 20.000 18.461   ~ 476 1
78 6C 142016+323628 Bla 14 22 30.3788624376 +32 23 10.440862980   19.33 19.16 19.11   ~ 196 1
79 PG 1424+240 BLL 14 27 00.3917926224 +23 48 00.037510776 14.52 14.34 14.95 14.5   ~ 420 1
80 RX J1428.5+4240 BLL 14 28 32.6090008440 +42 40 21.048123396   16.95 16.45 14.4   ~ 549 1
81 RX J1442.8+1200 BLL 14 42 48.2771008152 +12 00 40.348597716   18.34 17.63 15.2   ~ 189 1
82 7C 1441+2514 Bla 14 43 56.89220390 +25 01 44.4907165   19.5   19.7   ~ 179 1
83 PKS J1443-3908 BLL 14 43 57.1974184800 -39 08 40.053885612       14.7   ~ 105 1
84 QSO J1512-0906 Bla 15 12 50.53293048 -09 05 59.8297908   16.74 16.54     ~ 1409 1
85 ESO 514-1 BLL 15 17 41.8134049824 -24 22 19.482207024   15.13 14.00 13.95   ~ 815 3
86 PMN J1518-2731 BLL 15 18 03.6003266832 -27 31 31.191934728           ~ 72 1
87 QSO B1542+614 BLL 15 42 56.9436243096 +61 29 55.346749080   16.9 16.25 16.6   ~ 159 1
88 PMN J1548-2251 BLL 15 48 49.7496670200 -22 51 02.517679080       15.9   ~ 64 1
89 PG 1553+113 BLL 15 55 43.0440048528 +11 11 24.365649948 14.91 14.72 14.57 13.99   ~ 672 1
90 ICRF J155850.2-643229 Sy1 15 58 50.2830185592 -64 32 29.618900520   17.28   14.56   ~ 59 1
91 Z 225-7 BLL 16 53 52.21668403 +39 45 36.6088754 14.09 14.15 13.29 8.26   ~ 2304 2
92 QSO B1717+178 BLL 17 19 13.04848035 +17 45 06.4371847   20.10 19.1 17.28   ~ 247 1
93 RX J1725.0+1152 BLL 17 25 04.3409350008 +11 52 15.471967296   16.29 15.77 14.45   ~ 221 1
94 ZW I 187 BLL 17 28 18.6242294352 +50 13 10.469553996   16.55 15.97 12.95   ~ 396 1
95 1RXS J174357.3+193505 BLL 17 43 57.8330083440 +19 35 09.018846384     16.80 12.7   ~ 190 1
96 4C 09.57 BLL 17 51 32.81857326 +09 39 00.7284066   17.46 16.78 15.57   ~ 1007 1
97 7C 181142.79+314318.00 BLL 18 13 35.2028439312 +31 44 17.620234836     17.4 15.2   ~ 116 1
98 RX J1838.7+4802 BLL 18 38 49.1550459624 +48 02 34.274232744     17.60 15.671   ~ 89 0
99 PMN J1917-1921 BLL 19 17 44.8192343976 -19 21 31.608315216       15.24   ~ 135 1
100 1RXS J194356.1+211731 Bla 19 43 56.24400 +21 18 23.3784           ~ 99 1
101 1RXS J195815.6-301119 BLL 19 58 14.9123511384 -30 11 11.646174444   17.88   16.16   ~ 61 1
102 QSO B1959+650 BLL 19 59 59.8520303688 +65 08 54.652536492     12.8 11.21   ~ 699 2
103 MAGIC J2001+435 BLL 20 01 12.8737326408 +43 52 52.840241616   15.6   15   ~ 108 1
104 PKS J2009-4849 BLL 20 09 25.3903899240 -48 49 53.725051056   15.75 12.81 11.41   ~ 604 1
105 RX J2039.3+5219 BLL 20 39 23.5181915742 +52 19 50.035414651     19.0 16.2   ~ 84 1
106 LEDA 621219 Bla 20 41 50.2441037088 -37 33 39.982399236   17.45   15.95   ~ 33 1
107 RX J2042.1+2426 BLL 20 42 06.0494502576 +24 26 52.336351968           ~ 54 1
108 2MASS J20564271+4940068 BLL 20 56 42.7402786032 +49 40 06.604076316           ~ 79 1
109 1RXS J213135.5-091525 BLL 21 31 35.4233915640 -09 15 23.693668272     18.00 17.5   ~ 73 1
110 PKS J2158-3013 BLL 21 58 52.0652249880 -30 13 32.118447792   13.36 13.09 12.62   ~ 1829 1
111 NAME BL Lac BLL 22 02 43.2913536816 +42 16 39.979416792   15.66 14.72     ~ 2397 1
112 NVSS J224354+202103 BLL 22 43 54.7436079792 +20 21 03.775386276       16.1   ~ 116 1
113 1RXS J224642.0-520638 Bla 22 46 42.1007015532 -52 06 40.394463736     18.2     ~ 55 1
114 RX J2250.0+3824 BLL 22 50 05.7481607616 +38 24 37.193100984       14.8   ~ 147 2
115 1RXS J225146.9-320614 BLL 22 51 47.5594856352 -32 06 12.723850044     20.00 18.7   ~ 46 0
116 1RXS J232243.7+343616 BLL 23 22 44.0142017808 +34 36 13.873220208       13.2   ~ 87 1
117 1RXS J232352.2+421057 BLL 23 23 52.0756006920 +42 10 58.553658012     17.00 19.9   ~ 98 1
118 RX J2324.7-4040 BLL 23 24 44.6723616768 -40 40 49.444171248 15.88 15.72 15.54 16.84   ~ 88 1
119 1RXS J234332.5+343957 BLL 23 43 33.5859477792 +34 39 50.949452160           ~ 56 1
120 QSO B2344+514 BLL 23 47 04.8372110928 +51 42 17.877513168     15.50 10.7   ~ 500 1
121 QSO B2356-309 BLL 23 59 07.9034996184 -30 37 40.671098544   18.414 16.44 16.795   ~ 318 2

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