2023ApJ...952..152D

Query : 2023ApJ...952..152D

2023ApJ...952..152D - Astrophys. J., 952, 152 (2023/August-1)

Propagation of Very-high-energy γ-Rays from Distant Blazars.

DONG L.J., ZHENG Y.G. and KANG S.J.

Abstract (from CDS):

We rederive the possible dependence of the redshift with a very-high-energy (VHE) γ-ray photon index. The results suggest that the universe to VHE γ-rays is becoming more transparent than expected. We introduce the extragalactic background light (EBL) and photon to axion-like particle (ALP) oscillations to explain this phenomenon. We concentrate our analysis on 70 blazars up to redshift z ≃ 1. Assuming this correlation is solely the result of photon-photon absorption of VHE photons with the EBL, with deviations between the predictions and observations, especially at redshifts 0.2 < z < 1. We then discuss the implications of photon-ALP oscillations for the VHE γ-ray spectra of blazars. Strong evidence shows that (1) the results of the EBL attenuation show that the VHE γ-ray photon index increases nonlinearly at the ranges of redshift 0.03 < z < 0.2 and (2) the photon-ALP oscillation results in an attractive characteristic in the VHE γ-ray photon index at the ranges of redshift 0.2 < z < 1. We suggest that both EBL absorption and photon-ALP oscillation can influence the propagation of VHE γ-rays from distant blazars.

Abstract Copyright: © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Blazars - BL Lacertae objects - Flat-spectrum radio quasars

Simbad objects: 64

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Number of rows : 64
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 2MASX J00135605-1854066 BLL 00 13 56.0426451480 -18 54 06.702770232   17.01   15.82   ~ 86 1
2 RX J0035.8+5950 BLL 00 35 52.6448284115 +59 50 04.513482441     19.5 17.2   ~ 195 1
3 PMN J0152+0146 BLL 01 52 39.6109440384 +01 47 17.385104112       11.8   ~ 155 1
4 RX J0214.2+5144 BLL 02 14 17.9358553848 +51 44 51.945795816       16.5   ~ 133 1
5 6C 021803+354230 BLL 02 21 05.4920852208 +35 56 13.848581904   20.0 20.0 19.60   ~ 603 3
6 3C 66A BLL 02 22 39.6114771888 +43 02 07.799534304   15.71 15.21 14.5   ~ 942 2
7 RX J0232.8+2017 BLL 02 32 48.6148874688 +20 17 17.486717388     18.00 13.96   ~ 387 1
8 RBS 337 BLL 02 38 32.4803496720 -31 16 58.063079280 16.86 16.81 16.46 16.00   ~ 82 1
9 PKS J0303-2407 BLL 03 03 26.5025589984 -24 07 11.426291220   16.55 16.18     ~ 249 1
10 IC 310 AGN 03 16 42.9787569912 +41 19 29.615579544   14.3       ~ 311 2
11 RX J0319.8+1845 BLL 03 19 51.8082475320 +18 45 34.562475432           ~ 223 1
12 QSO B0347-121 BLL 03 49 23.1862105584 -11 59 27.366035532   18.74 18.2 17.46   ~ 245 1
13 PMN J0416+0105 BLL 04 16 52.4945693352 +01 05 23.899102620   16.86 16.38 16   ~ 302 1
14 PKS J0449-4350 BLL 04 49 24.6981911928 -43 50 08.960970948 14.95 17.52 15.24 16.27   ~ 190 1
15 RX J0507.9+6737 BLL 05 07 56.1631660632 +67 37 24.225299292       17.2   ~ 196 1
16 PMN J0509+0541 BLL 05 09 25.9644373872 +05 41 35.333820420 15.32 14.95 14.78 15.12   ~ 589 2
17 RX J0521.7+2112 BLL 05 21 45.9657388992 +21 12 51.452786736           ~ 162 1
18 PKS J0550-3216 BLL 05 50 40.5705144672 -32 16 16.484718648   16.07 15.5     ~ 424 1
19 RX J0648.7+1516 BLL 06 48 47.6488006968 +15 16 24.797585352       16.2   ~ 99 1
20 RX J0710.5+5908 BLL 07 10 30.0683697888 +59 08 20.371772544   17.38 16.52 15.1   ~ 249 1
21 8C 0716+714 BLL 07 21 53.4482942664 +71 20 36.363846516   15.5 15.50 14.27   ~ 1388 1
22 NVSS J073326+515355 BLL 07 33 26.7912880992 +51 53 55.910791896           ~ 64 0
23 QSO B0736+01 Bla 07 39 18.03389906 +01 37 04.6177501   16.90 16.47 16.19   ~ 738 1
24 RX J0809.8+5218 BLL 08 09 49.1868285744 +52 18 58.249938744   16.11 15.59 14.6   ~ 302 1
25 RX J0847.2+1133 BLL 08 47 12.9303893448 +11 33 50.153057640       16.6   ~ 121 1
26 PG 0851+202 BLL 08 54 48.8749846272 +20 06 30.639583620   15.649 15.146 15.446   ~ 2513 1
27 PMN J0912-2103 BLL 09 13 00.2229216720 -21 03 21.039728508   17.82   16.42   ~ 82 1
28 6C 095456+654857 BLL 09 58 47.2451872176 +65 33 54.819354600     17.0 15.75   ~ 771 1
29 6dFGS gJ101016.0-311909 BLL 10 10 15.9790879224 -31 19 08.411407176   17.61   16.09   ~ 97 1
30 RX J1015.0+4926 BLL 10 15 04.1396533776 +49 26 00.706055496   16.56 16.15 14.58   ~ 400 3
31 PMN J1103-2329 BLL 11 03 37.6150845072 -23 29 31.203773520   17.00 16.55 16.61   ~ 405 1
32 Z 184-50 BLL 11 04 27.3140835504 +38 12 31.798495872   13.50 12.90 8.31   ~ 2841 1
33 Z 334-43 BLL 11 36 26.4090783600 +70 09 27.309071232   15.16 14.49 10.51   ~ 394 1
34 RX J1217.8+3007 BLL 12 17 52.0819904040 +30 07 00.634936872   16.07 15.62 13.47   G7 516 1
35 PG 1218+304 BLL 12 21 21.9426947832 +30 10 37.158534012   16.50 15.85 15.7   ~ 497 1
36 7C 1219+2830 BLL 12 21 31.6904439888 +28 13 58.500308172   16.81 16.11 14.24   ~ 924 1
37 7C 122223.5+213929 Bla 12 24 54.4583146056 +21 22 46.385507388   17.56 17.50 18.2   ~ 770 2
38 3C 279 Bla 12 56 11.16657958 -05 47 21.5251510   18.01 17.75 15.87   ~ 3205 2
39 RX J1315.0-4236 BLL 13 15 03.3912307368 -42 36 49.760844084   18.07   16.59   ~ 114 0
40 6C 142016+323628 Bla 14 22 30.3788624376 +32 23 10.440862980   19.33 19.16 19.11   ~ 196 1
41 PG 1424+240 BLL 14 27 00.3917926224 +23 48 00.037510776 14.52 14.34 14.95 14.5   ~ 420 1
42 RX J1428.5+4240 BLL 14 28 32.6090008440 +42 40 21.048123396   16.95 16.45 14.4   ~ 549 1
43 RX J1442.8+1200 BLL 14 42 48.2771008152 +12 00 40.348597716   18.34 17.63 15.2   ~ 189 1
44 7C 1441+2514 Bla 14 43 56.89220390 +25 01 44.4907165   19.5   19.7   ~ 179 1
45 PKS J1443-3908 BLL 14 43 57.1974184800 -39 08 40.053885612       14.7   ~ 105 1
46 QSO J1512-0906 Bla 15 12 50.53293048 -09 05 59.8297908   16.74 16.54     ~ 1409 1
47 ESO 514-1 BLL 15 17 41.8134049824 -24 22 19.482207024   15.13 14.00 13.95   ~ 815 3
48 PMN J1518-2731 BLL 15 18 03.6003266832 -27 31 31.191934728           ~ 72 1
49 PG 1553+113 BLL 15 55 43.0440048528 +11 11 24.365649948 14.91 14.72 14.57 13.99   ~ 672 1
50 Z 225-7 BLL 16 53 52.21668403 +39 45 36.6088754 14.09 14.15 13.29 8.26   ~ 2304 2
51 ZW I 187 BLL 17 28 18.6242294352 +50 13 10.469553996   16.55 15.97 12.95   ~ 396 1
52 1RXS J174357.3+193505 BLL 17 43 57.8330083440 +19 35 09.018846384     16.80 12.7   ~ 190 1
53 1RXS J195815.6-301119 BLL 19 58 14.9123511384 -30 11 11.646174444   17.88   16.16   ~ 61 1
54 QSO B1959+650 BLL 19 59 59.8520303688 +65 08 54.652536492     12.8 11.21   ~ 699 2
55 MAGIC J2001+435 BLL 20 01 12.8737326408 +43 52 52.840241616   15.6   15   ~ 108 1
56 PKS J2009-4849 BLL 20 09 25.3903899240 -48 49 53.725051056   15.75 12.81 11.41   ~ 604 1
57 RX J2039.3+5219 BLL 20 39 23.5181915742 +52 19 50.035414651     19.0 16.2   ~ 84 1
58 RX J2042.1+2426 BLL 20 42 06.0494502576 +24 26 52.336351968           ~ 54 1
59 PKS J2158-3013 BLL 21 58 52.0652249880 -30 13 32.118447792   13.36 13.09 12.62   ~ 1829 1
60 NAME BL Lac BLL 22 02 43.2913536816 +42 16 39.979416792   15.66 14.72     ~ 2397 1
61 RX J2250.0+3824 BLL 22 50 05.7481607616 +38 24 37.193100984       14.8   ~ 147 2
62 RX J2324.7-4040 BLL 23 24 44.6723616768 -40 40 49.444171248 15.88 15.72 15.54 16.84   ~ 88 1
63 QSO B2344+514 BLL 23 47 04.8372110928 +51 42 17.877513168     15.50 10.7   ~ 500 1
64 QSO B2356-309 BLL 23 59 07.9034996184 -30 37 40.671098544   18.414 16.44 16.795   ~ 318 2

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