2023ApJ...954..164T

Query : 2023ApJ...954..164T

2023ApJ...954..164T - Astrophys. J., 954, 164 (2023/September-2)

Modeling the Central Supermassive Black Hole Mass of Quasars via the LSTM Approach.

TABASI S.S., SALMANI R.V., KHALILIYAN P. and FIROUZJAEE J.T.

Abstract (from CDS):

One of the fundamental questions about quasars is related to their central supermassive black holes. The reason for the existence of these black holes with such a huge mass is still unclear, and various models have been proposed to explain them. However, there is still no comprehensive explanation that is accepted by the community. The only thing we are sure of is that these black holes were not created by the collapse of giant stars or the accretion of matter around them. Moreover, another important question is related to the mass distribution of these black holes over time. Observations have shown that if we go back through redshift, we see black holes with more mass, and after passing the peak of star formation redshift, this procedure decreases. Nevertheless, the exact redshift of this peak is still controversial. In this paper, with the help of deep learning and the LSTM algorithm, we try to find a suitable model for the mass of the central black holes of quasars over time by considering both the QUOTAS and QuasarNET data sets. Our model was built with these data reported from redshift 3 to 7 and for two redshift intervals, 0-3 and 7-10, and it predicted the mass of the quasars' central supermassive black holes. We have also tested our model for the specified intervals with observed data from central black holes and discussed the results.

Abstract Copyright: © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Quasars

Simbad objects: 106

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Number of rows : 106
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 Mrk 335 Sy1 00 06 19.5372339024 +20 12 10.617404076   14.19 13.85     ~ 1344 0
2 QSO J0020-3653 QSO 00 20 31.46969 -36 53 41.8114           ~ 25 0
3 QSO J0024+3913 QSO 00 24 29.77000 +39 13 18.9500           ~ 29 0
4 LEDA 1790 Sy1 00 29 13.7012449608 +13 16 03.947778264   15.70 15.41     ~ 474 0
5 QSO J0038-1527 QSO 00 38 36.09984 -15 27 23.5998           ~ 30 0
6 QSO J0045+0901 QSO 00 45 33.56800 +09 01 56.9600           ~ 21 0
7 LEDA 3237 Sy1 00 54 52.1183662680 +25 25 38.983241532     15.42     ~ 421 0
8 CFHQS J005502+014618 QSO 00 55 02.91000 +01 46 18.3000           ~ 32 0
9 QSO J0109-3047 QSO 01 09 53.136 -30 47 26.30           ~ 56 0
10 ESO 113-45 Sy1 01 23 45.7631533440 -58 48 20.808928944   14.08 13.83 13.34   ~ 965 0
11 CFHQS J021013-045620 QSO 02 10 13.190 -04 56 20.79           ~ 61 0
12 NGC 863 Sy2 02 14 33.5604714720 -00 46 00.181845336   14.48 13.81 17.9   ~ 770 0
13 QSO J0218+0007 QSO 02 18 47.04 +00 07 15.0           ~ 14 0
14 CFHQS J022122-080251 QSO 02 21 22.71000 -08 02 51.4997           ~ 23 0
15 VDES J0224-4711 QSO 02 24 26.54 -47 11 29.4           ~ 50 0
16 QSO J0226+0302 QSO 02 26 01.873 +03 02 59.24           ~ 89 0
17 QSO J0244-5008 QSO 02 44 01.02 -50 08 53.7           ~ 19 0
18 DES J024655.90-521949.9 QSO 02 46 55.90001 -52 19 49.9001           ~ 9 0
19 QSO J0252-0503 QSO 02 52 16.63999 -05 03 31.7999           ~ 31 0
20 QSO J0305-3150 QSO 03 05 16.918 -31 50 55.85           ~ 102 0
21 QSO J0313-1806 QSO 03 13 43.84 -18 06 36.4           ~ 42 0
22 QSO J0319-1008 QSO 03 19 41.65999 -10 08 46.0000           ~ 12 0
23 VDES J0323-4701 QSO 03 23 40.34 -47 01 20.1           ~ 9 0
24 VDES J0330-4025 QSO 03 30 27.92 -40 25 16.4           ~ 14 0
25 PSO J056.7169-16.4769 QSO 03 46 52.0440 -16 28 36.876           ~ 22 0
26 VHS J0411-0907 QSO 04 11 28.62984 -09 07 49.8000           ~ 28 0
27 MCG+01-12-009 Bla 04 33 11.0956735296 +05 21 15.619461552   15.72 15.05 10.08   ~ 2099 2
28 [FWY2019] UHS J043947.08+163415.7 QSO 04 39 47.08632 +16 34 16.0140           ~ 59 0
29 Z 395-23 Sy1 05 16 11.4092471904 -00 08 59.157166920   14.30 13.92     ~ 953 1
30 QSO J0525-2406 QSO 05 25 59.68 -24 06 23.0           ~ 9 0
31 QSO J0706+2921 QSO 07 06 26.38992 +29 21 05.4997           ~ 10 0
32 2MASS J08105865+7602424 Sy1 08 10 58.6641543864 +76 02 42.450451260   15.03 14.71     ~ 508 0
33 DELS J082931.97+411740.4 QSO 08 29 31.96992 +41 17 40.3998           ~ 12 0
34 QSO J0837+4929 QSO 08 37 37.83984 +49 29 00.3998           ~ 14 0
35 DELS J083946.88+390011.5 QSO 08 39 46.87992 +39 00 11.4998           ~ 10 0
36 MCG+13-07-002 Sy1 08 44 45.2999013720 +76 53 09.465739008     15.7     ~ 201 0
37 Ton 951 Sy1 08 47 42.4485615096 +34 45 04.482515304   14.83 14.50     ~ 487 0
38 HSCS J085907+002255 QSO 08 59 07.19 +00 22 55.9           ~ 23 0
39 QSO J0910-0414 QSO 09 10 54.52992 -04 14 06.7999           ~ 13 0
40 QSO J0921+0007 QSO 09 21 20.56 +00 07 22.9           ~ 21 0
41 QSO J0923+0402 QSO 09 23 47.12 +04 02 54.4           ~ 26 0
42 [YWF2021] J092359.00+075349.1 QSO 09 23 59.00 +07 53 49.1           ~ 6 0
43 Mrk 110 Sy1 09 25 12.8479065576 +52 17 10.386311208   16.82 16.41     ~ 681 1
44 PG 0953+414 Sy1 09 56 52.3931554992 +41 15 22.211247636 14.710 15.611 15.546 15.294 14.720 ~ 472 0
45 QSO J1007+2115 QSO 10 07 58.26 +21 15 29.2           ~ 39 0
46 PSO J158.6937-14.4210 QSO 10 34 46.49940000 -14 25 15.8924280           ~ 41 0
47 [YWF2021] J105807.72+293041.7 QSO 10 58 07.72 +29 30 41.7           ~ 5 0
48 QSO J1104+2134 QSO 11 04 21.58992 +21 34 28.7998           ~ 18 0
49 PSO J167.6415-13.4960 QSO 11 10 33.963 -13 29 45.73           ~ 45 0
50 LEDA 34570 Sy1 11 18 30.2894794680 +40 25 54.068810952   16.34 16.21     ~ 246 0
51 QSO J1120+0641 QSO 11 20 01.463 +06 41 23.79           ~ 262 0
52 QSO J1129+1846 QSO 11 29 25.34 +18 46 24.2           ~ 32 0
53 QSO J1135+5011 QSO 11 35 08.92992 +50 11 32.9996           ~ 11 0
54 NGC 3783 Sy1 11 39 01.7096819040 -37 44 19.009642992   12.46 13.43 11.33 12.1 ~ 1765 1
55 QSO J1205-0000 QSO 12 05 05.09 -00 00 27.9           ~ 35 0
56 [MOK2016b] HSC J120859.23-020034.8 QSO 12 08 59.23 -02 00 34.8           ~ 19 0
57 NGC 4151 Sy1 12 10 32.5759813872 +39 24 21.063527532   12.18 11.48     ~ 3938 2
58 QSO J1216+4519 QSO 12 16 27.57984 +45 19 10.6997           ~ 13 0
59 3C 273 BLL 12 29 06.6998257176 +02 03 08.597629980   13.05 14.830 14.11   ~ 6022 1
60 Z 99-79 Sy1 12 32 03.6223710000 +20 09 29.495834136   15.57 15.30     ~ 526 0
61 HSCS J124353+010038 QSO 12 43 53.93 +01 00 38.5           ~ 23 0
62 LEDA 45656 Sy1 13 09 47.0031619008 +08 19 48.212362524   16.04 15.89     ~ 412 0
63 DELS J131608.14+102832.8 QSO 13 16 08.13984 +10 28 32.7997           ~ 7 0
64 SDSS J131911.29+095051.3 QSO 13 19 11.291 +09 50 51.49           ~ 110 0
65 2MASS J13234951+6541480 Sy1 13 23 49.5182430360 +65 41 48.164463600   16.01 15.84     ~ 185 1
66 QSO J1342+0928 QSO 13 42 08.100 +09 28 38.36           ~ 145 0
67 Z 336-28 Sy1 13 53 03.4348964112 +69 18 29.410910460   15.15 14.46     ~ 812 1
68 Ton 182 Sy1 14 05 16.2178674936 +25 55 34.117540788   15.42 15.34     ~ 268 0
69 PG 1404+226 Sy1 14 06 21.8900886888 +22 23 46.515550056   16.62 16.42     ~ 254 0
70 LEDA 50824 Sy1 14 13 48.3306274368 +44 00 14.003371296   14.99 14.99     ~ 402 0
71 LEDA 51016 Sy1 14 17 00.8224797456 +44 56 06.336360024   16.93 16.63     ~ 275 0
72 NGC 5548 Sy1 14 17 59.5400291832 +25 08 12.603122268   14.35 13.73     ~ 2895 0
73 Mrk 1383 Sy1 14 29 06.5720038632 +01 17 06.155007252   15.21 14.87     ~ 494 0
74 Z 296-15 Sy1 14 36 22.0820611632 +58 47 39.394934844   14.19 13.79     ~ 592 0
75 Mrk 478 Sy1 14 42 07.4714418744 +35 26 22.938625500   14.91 14.58     ~ 567 1
76 2MASX J14510879+2709272 Sy1 14 51 08.7647938560 +27 09 26.962707132   15.01 15.01     ~ 239 0
77 CFHQS J150941-174926 QSO 15 09 41.77920 -17 49 26.7996           ~ 82 0
78 LEDA 54782 Sy1 15 21 14.2570766112 +22 27 43.827693336   16.09 16.09     ~ 142 0
79 QSO J1526-2050 QSO 15 26 37.844 -20 50 00.88           ~ 78 0
80 DELS J153532.87+194320.1 QSO 15 35 32.86992 +19 43 20.1000           ~ 23 0
81 Mrk 486 Sy1 15 36 38.4011947776 +54 33 33.215039244   15.21 14.78     ~ 292 1
82 LEDA 56356 Sy1 15 54 44.5798403976 +08 22 21.412038576   16.38 16.16     ~ 132 0
83 PSO J239.7124-07.4027 QSO 15 58 50.990616 -07 24 09.59087           ~ 30 0
84 Mrk 876 Sy1 16 13 57.1795021224 +65 43 09.952685328   16.03 15.49     ~ 620 0
85 Mrk 877 Sy1 16 20 11.2799789400 +17 24 27.515242152   15.79 15.39     ~ 286 0
86 QSO B1626+5529 Sy1 16 27 56.1123628752 +55 22 31.559061504   15.79 15.68     ~ 232 1
87 QSO J1629+2407 QSO 16 29 11.285 +24 07 39.53           ~ 14 0
88 CFHQS J164121+375520 QSO 16 41 21.72833 +37 55 20.1464           ~ 37 0
89 IRAS 17002+5153 Sy1 17 01 24.8265469104 +51 49 20.447878836   15.49 15.12     ~ 401 0
90 PSO J261.0364+19.0286 QSO 17 24 08.74300 +19 01 43.1200           ~ 11 0
91 3C 390.3 Bla 18 42 08.9904975672 +79 46 17.127835104   16.06 15.38     ~ 1381 1
92 QSO J2002-3013 QSO 20 02 41.59 -30 13 21.7           ~ 14 0
93 Mrk 509 Sy1 20 44 09.7504483224 -10 43 24.727155528   13.35 13.12 10.7   ~ 1370 0
94 CFHQS J210054-171522 QSO 21 00 54.698 -17 15 22.00           ~ 62 0
95 QSO J2102-1458 QSO 21 02 19.21992 -14 58 53.9998           ~ 15 0
96 Mrk 1513 Sy1 21 32 27.8162556672 +10 08 19.252365396   14.92 14.64     ~ 651 0
97 QSO J2132+1217 QSO 21 32 33.178 +12 17 55.07           ~ 48 0
98 QSO J2211-6320 QSO 22 11 00.60000 -63 20 55.7999           ~ 9 0
99 QSO J2216-0016 QSO 22 16 44.47 -00 16 50.1           ~ 29 0
100 QSO J2232+2930 QSO 22 32 55.14497 +29 30 32.3136           ~ 42 0
101 HSCS J223947+020747 QSO 22 39 47.47 +02 07 47.5           ~ 28 0
102 NGC 7469 Sy1 23 03 15.6 +08 52 26 12.60 13.00 12.34     ~ 2253 3
103 CFHQS J232908-030158 QSO 23 29 08.28000 -03 01 58.7996           ~ 80 0
104 [YWF2021] J233807.03+214358.2 QSO 23 38 07.03 +21 43 58.2           ~ 4 0
105 QSO J2348-3054 QSO 23 48 33.352 -30 54 10.35           ~ 58 0
106 SDSS J235632.44-062259.2 QSO 23 56 32.452 -06 22 59.31           ~ 52 0

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