2023ApJ...955...22B

Query : 2023ApJ...955...22B

2023ApJ...955...22B - Astrophys. J., 955, 22 (2023/September-3)

The HERBAL Model: A Hierarchical Errors-in-variables Bayesian Lognormal Hurdle Model for Galactic Globular Cluster Populations.

BEREK S.C., EADIE G.M., SPEAGLE J.S. and HARRIS W.E.

Abstract (from CDS):

Galaxy stellar mass is known to be monotonically related to the size of the galaxy's globular cluster (GC) population for Milky Way sized and larger galaxies. However, the relation becomes ambiguous for dwarf galaxies, where there is some evidence for a downturn in GC population size at low galaxy masses. Smaller dwarfs are increasingly likely to have no GCs, and these zeros cannot be easily incorporated into linear models. We introduce the Hierarchical Errors-in-variables ERrors-in-variables BAyesian Lognormal hurdle (HERBAL) model to represent the relationship between dwarf galaxies and their GC populations, and apply it to the sample of Local Group galaxies, where the luminosity range coverage is maximal. This bimodal model accurately represents the two populations of dwarf galaxies: those that have GCs and those that do not. Our model thoroughly accounts for all uncertainties, including measurement uncertainty, uncertainty in luminosity to stellar mass conversions, and intrinsic scatter. The hierarchical nature of our Bayesian model also allows us to estimate galaxy masses and individual mass-to-light ratios from luminosity data within the model. We find that 50% of galaxies are expected to host GC populations at a stellar mass of ${\mathrm{log}}_{10}({M}_{* })=6.996$, and that the expected mass of GC populations remains linear down to the smallest galaxies. Our hierarchical model recovers an accurate estimate of the Milky Way stellar mass. Under our assumed error model, we find a nonzero intrinsic scatter of ${0.59}_{-0.21}^{+0.3}$ (95% credible interval) that should be accounted for in future models.

Abstract Copyright: © 2023. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Astrostatistics - Interdisciplinary astronomy - Bayesian statistics - Hierarchical models - Globular star clusters - Local Group - Galaxies - Galactic and extragalactic astronomy - Dwarf galaxies

Simbad objects: 98

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Number of rows : 98
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 MCG-03-01-015 G 00 01 57.9 -15 27 50   11.50 11.10 10.93   ~ 782 2
2 NAME Andromeda XVIII G 00 02 14.5 +45 05 20     16.0     ~ 129 0
3 NAME Tuc IV G 00 02.9 -60 51           ~ 90 0
4 NAME Andromeda XX G 00 07 30.70 +35 07 56.4     18.2     ~ 77 0
5 And XIX G 00 19 32.10 +35 02 37.1     15.6     ~ 168 0
6 IC 10 rG 00 20 17.33520 +59 18 13.6480   13.6 9.5     ~ 1185 1
7 NAME Andromeda XXVI G 00 23 45.6 +47 54 58     17.3     ~ 76 0
8 NAME Cetus Dwarf Galaxy G 00 26 10.8 -11 03 14     13.2     ~ 257 0
9 NAME Andromeda XXV G 00 30 08.9 +46 51 07     14.8     ~ 120 0
10 NGC 147 GiG 00 33 12.120 +48 30 31.46   12.0 9.5     ~ 720 1
11 NAME Andromeda III G 00 35 33.8 +36 29 52     14.4     ~ 309 0
12 NAME Andromeda XVII G 00 37 07.0 +44 19 20     15.8     ~ 101 0
13 NAME Andromeda XXVII G 00 37 27.1 +45 23 13     16.7     ~ 82 0
14 NGC 185 Sy2 00 38 57.9400026024 +48 20 15.035874648   9.10 9.2     ~ 840 1
15 M 110 GiG 00 40 22.0572349992 +41 41 07.507220136   8.92 8.07     ~ 1370 1
16 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
17 NAME Andromeda I G 00 45 39.8 +38 02 28   13.9 12.7     ~ 355 0
18 NAME Andromeda XI G 00 46 20.0 +33 48 05     17.5     ~ 130 0
19 NAME Andromeda XII G 00 47 27.0 +34 22 29     18.3     ~ 124 0
20 NAME Andromeda XIV G 00 51 35.0 +29 41 49     15.9     ~ 132 0
21 NAME Andromeda XIII G 00 51 51.0 +33 00 16     18.1     ~ 128 0
22 NAME SMC G 00 52 38.0 -72 48 01   2.79 2.2     ~ 12317 1
23 NAME Andromeda IX G 00 52 53.0 +43 11 45     16.3     ~ 176 1
24 NAME Pisces V G 00 59 29.8 +32 22 36     14.4     ~ 149 0
25 NAME Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy G 01 00 09.4 -33 42 32   9.79 8.6 8.81   ~ 1498 4
26 IC 1613 GiC 01 04 48.4071 +02 07 10.185   10.42 10.01 9.77   ~ 1316 2
27 NAME Andromeda X G 01 06 33.70 +44 48 15.8     16.6     ~ 125 1
28 NAME Andromeda V G 01 10 17.1 +47 37 41     15.3     ~ 215 0
29 NAME Andromeda XV G 01 14 18.7 +38 07 03     14.6     ~ 123 0
30 NAME Andromeda II G 01 16 29.8 +33 25 09     11.7     ~ 402 0
31 NAME Cetus II G 01 17.9 -17 25           ~ 56 0
32 NAME Andromeda XXIV G 01 18 30.0 +46 21 58     16.3     ~ 64 0
33 NAME Andromeda XXII G 01 27 40.0 +28 05 25     18.0     ~ 95 0
34 NAME Andromeda XXIII G 01 29 21.8 +38 43 08     14.2     ~ 88 0
35 M 33 GiG 01 33 50.8965749232 +30 39 36.630403128 6.17 6.27 5.72     ~ 6226 1
36 NAME Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy Sy1 01 51 06.3 -44 26 41   13.48 13.2 12.69   ~ 575 2
37 NAME Cetus III Dwarf Galaxy LSB 02 05 19.40 -04 16 12.0           ~ 32 0
38 NAME Tri II G 02 13 17.40 +36 10 42.4           ~ 164 0
39 NAME Segue 2 G 02 19 16.0 +20 10 31     15.2     ~ 299 0
40 NAME Hydrus I G 02 29 33.4 -79 18 32           ~ 80 0
41 MCG-06-07-001 G 02 39 59.3 -34 26 57   9.02 7.4     ~ 1894 1
42 NAME Hor I G 02 55 31.7 -54 07 08           ~ 169 0
43 NAME Horologium II G 03 16 32.1 -50 01 05           ~ 76 0
44 NAME Reticulum II G 03 35 42.1 -54 02 57           ~ 375 0
45 NAME Eridanus II G 03 44 21.1 -43 32 00           ~ 216 0
46 NAME Reticulum III G 03 45.4 -60 27           ~ 67 0
47 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
48 NAME Col I G 05 31.4 -28 02           ~ 60 0
49 ESO 206-20A G 06 41 36.7 -50 57 58   22.14 11.0 19.47   ~ 1190 0
50 NAME Pic II G 06 44 43 -59 53.8           ~ 33 0
51 NAME Carina II Dwarf Galaxy G 07 36 25.6 -57 59 57           ~ 86 0
52 NAME Car III Dwarf Galaxy G 07 38 31.2 -57 53 59           ~ 81 0
53 NAME UMa II Galaxy G 08 51 30.0 +63 07 48     13.3     ~ 410 0
54 NAME Leo T G 09 34 53.4 +17 03 05     15.1     ~ 434 0
55 NAME Antlia II Dwarf Galaxy G 09 35 32.8 -36 46 02           ~ 109 0
56 Z 153-10 G 09 59 26.46 +30 44 47.0 14.08 13.54 13.26 13.33   ~ 652 0
57 NAME Segue 1 G 10 07 03.2 +16 04 25     15.3     ~ 517 1
58 Z 64-73 G 10 08 28.12 +12 18 23.4   11.3 10.0     ~ 1284 1
59 NAME Sextans dSph LSB 10 13 02.9 -01 36 53   12 10.4     ~ 921 0
60 NAME UMa I Galaxy G 10 34 52.80 +51 55 12.0     14.4     ~ 355 1
61 NAME Willman 1 G 10 49 21.0 +51 03 00     15.2     ~ 345 0
62 Z 126-111 G 11 13 28.13 +22 09 10.1   12.9 12.0     ~ 899 0
63 NAME Leo V LSB 11 31 09.60 +02 13 12.0     16.0     ~ 234 0
64 NAME Leo IV LSB 11 32 57.0 -00 32 00     15.1     ~ 419 1
65 NAME Crater II Dwarf Galaxy G 11 49 14 -18 24.8           ~ 176 0
66 NAME Vir I Dwarf Galaxy LSB 12 00 09.6 -00 40 48           ~ 40 0
67 NAME Hydra II G 12 21 42.1 -31 59 07           ~ 118 0
68 NAME Coma Dwarf Galaxy G 12 26 59.0 +23 54 15     14.1     ~ 482 1
69 NAME Centaurus I G 12 38 20 -40 54.1     14.78     ~ 29 0
70 NAME CVn II dSph G 12 57 09.6 +34 19 12     16.1     ~ 287 2
71 NAME CVn I dSph G 13 28 03.5 +33 33 21     13.1     ~ 352 1
72 NAME Bootes III G 13 57 07.4 +26 46 30     12.6     ~ 115 1
73 NAME Bootes II G 13 58 00.0 +12 51 00     15.4     ~ 269 0
74 NAME Bootes Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy G 14 00 00.0 +14 30 00     12.8     ~ 491 0
75 Z 318-18 G 15 09 08.0 +67 13 21   13.60 10.6     ~ 1459 0
76 NAME Bootes IV LSB 15 34 45 +43 43.6           ~ 24 0
77 NAME Hercules Dwarf Galaxy G 16 31 02.0 +12 47 30     14.0     ~ 379 1
78 Z 300-12 G 17 20 14.335 +57 55 16.39   12.40 10.6     ~ 1428 1
79 NAME SDG G 18 55 19.0 -30 32 43   4.5 3.6     ~ 2438 2
80 NAME Sgr dIG G 19 29 59.0 -17 40 41   15.5 13.6     ~ 323 1
81 NGC 6822 G 19 44 56.199 -14 47 51.29   18 8.1     ~ 1661 0
82 MCG-02-53-003 G 20 46 51.7 -12 50 54 15.75 15.18 14.83 14.46   ~ 470 1
83 NAME Gru II G 22 04.1 -46 26           ~ 110 0
84 NAME Pegasus III LSB 22 24 22.6 +05 25 12           ~ 69 0
85 NAME Andromeda XXVIII G 22 32 41.20 +31 12 58.2     15.6     ~ 88 0
86 NAME Aquarius 2 G 22 33 55.5 -09 19 39           ~ 66 0
87 NAME Tuc Galaxy G 22 41 49.6 -64 25 10   15.7 15.2     ~ 324 0
88 NAME Tuc II G 22 51 55.1 -58 34 08           ~ 192 0
89 NAME Grus I G 22 56 42.4 -50 09 48           ~ 126 0
90 NAME Pisces II G 22 58 31.0 +05 57 09     16.3     ~ 283 0
91 NAME Andromeda VII GiG 23 26 31.0 +50 40 33   13.6 11.8     ~ 222 1
92 Z 431-72 G 23 28 35.2 +14 44 35 13.85 13.16 12.52     ~ 499 1
93 NAME Tuc V G 23 37.4 -63 16           ~ 84 0
94 NAME Phe II G 23 39 59.4 -54 24 22           ~ 107 0
95 NAME Peg dSph GiG 23 51 46.3 +24 34 57   14.5 13.2     ~ 250 2
96 NAME Andromeda XXI G 23 54 47.7 +42 28 15     14.8     ~ 117 0
97 NAME Andromeda XXIX G 23 58 55.6 +30 45 20     16.0     ~ 61 0
98 NAME Local Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 9325 0

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