2023ApJ...958L..21L

The efficiency of tidal dissipation provides a zeroth-order link to a planet's physical properties. For super-Earth and sub-Neptune planets in the range R_⊕ ≲ R_p ≲ 4R_⊕, particularly efficient dissipation (i.e., low tidal quality factors) may signify terrestrial-like planets capable of maintaining rigid crustal features. Here, we explore global constraints on planetary tidal quality factors using a population of planets in multiple-planet systems whose orbital and physical properties indicate susceptibility to capture into secular spin-orbit resonances. Planets participating in secular spin-orbit resonance can maintain large axial tilts and significantly enhanced heating from obliquity tides. When obliquity tides are sufficiently strong, planets in low-order mean-motion resonances can experience resonant repulsion (period ratio increase). The observed distribution of period ratios among transiting planet pairs may thus depend nontrivially on the underlying planetary structures. We model the action of resonant repulsion and demonstrate that the observed distribution of period ratios near the 2:1 and 3:2 commensurabilities implies Q values spanning from Q ≈ 10¹-10⁷ and peaking at Q ≈ 10⁶. This range includes the expected range in which super-Earth and sub-Neptune planets dissipate (Q ≈ 10³-10⁴). This work serves as a proof of concept for a method of assessing the presence of two dissipation regimes, and we estimate the number of additional multitransiting planetary systems needed to place any bimodality in the distribution on a strong statistical footing.