2023ApJS..268...15W

We present the JWST Resolved Stellar Populations Early Release Science (ERS) program. We obtained 27.5 hr of NIRCam and NIRISS imaging of three targets in the Local Group (Milky Way globular cluster M92, ultrafaint dwarf galaxy Draco II, and star-forming dwarf galaxy WLM), which span factors of ∼10⁵ in luminosity, ∼10⁴ in distance, and ∼10⁵ in surface brightness. We describe the survey strategy, scientific and technical goals, implementation details, present select NIRCam color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs), and validate the NIRCam exposure time calculator (ETC). Our CMDs are among the deepest in existence for each class of target. They touch the theoretical hydrogen-burning limit in M92 (<0.08 M_⊙; M_F090W ∼ +13.6), include the lowest-mass stars observed outside the Milky Way in Draco II (0.09 M_⊙; M_F090W ∼ +12.1), and reach ∼1.5 mag below the oldest main-sequence turnoff in WLM (M_F090W ∼ +4.6). The PARSEC stellar models provide a good qualitative match to the NIRCam CMDs, though they are ∼0.05 mag too blue compared to M92 F090W - F150W data. Our CMDs show detector-dependent color offsets ranging from ∼0.02 mag in F090W - F150W to ∼0.1 mag in F277W - F444W; these appear to be due to differences in the zero-point calibrations among the detectors. The NIRCam ETC (v2.0) matches the signal-to-noise ratios based on photon noise in uncrowded fields, but the ETC may not be accurate in more crowded fields, similar to what is known for the Hubble Space Telescope. We release the point-source photometry package DOLPHOT, optimized for NIRCam and NIRISS, for the community.