2023MNRAS.518.2661P

2023MNRAS.518.2661P - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 518, 2661-2670 (2023/January-2)

Precise near-infrared photometry, accounting for precipitable water vapour at SPECULOOS Southern Observatory.

PEDERSEN P.P., MURRAY C.A., QUELOZ D., GILLON M., DEMORY B.O., TRIAUD A.H.M.J., DE WIT J., DELREZ L., DRANSFIELD G., DUCROT E., GARCIA L.J., GOMEZ MAQUEO CHEW Y., GUNTHER M.N., JEHIN E., McCORMAC J., NIRAULA P., POZUELOS F.J., RACKHAM B.V., SCHANCHE N., SEBASTIAN D., THOMPSON S.J., TIMMERMANS M. and WELLS R.

The variability induced by precipitable water vapour (PWV) can heavily affect the accuracy of time-series photometric measurements gathered from the ground, especially in the near-infrared. We present here a novel method of modelling and mitigating this variability, as well as open-sourcing the developed tool - Umbrella. In this study, we evaluate the extent to which the photometry in three common bandpasses (r^', i^', z^'), and SPECULOOS' primary bandpass (I + z^'), are photometrically affected by PWV variability. In this selection of bandpasses, the I + z^' bandpass was found to be most sensitive to PWV variability, followed by z^', i^', and r^'. The correction was evaluated on global light curves of nearby late M- and L-type stars observed by SPECULOOS' Southern Observatory (SSO) with the I + z^' bandpass, using PWV measurements from the LHATPRO and local temperature/humidity sensors. A median reduction in RMS of 1.1 per cent was observed for variability shorter than the expected transit duration for SSO's targets. On timescales longer than the expected transit duration, where long-term variability may be induced, a median reduction in RMS of 53.8 per cent was observed for the same method of correction.

N	Identifier	Otype	ICRS (J2000) RA	ICRS (J2000) DEC	Mag U	Mag B	Mag V	Mag R	Mag I	Sp type	#ref 1850 - 2026	#notes
1	TRAPPIST-1	LM*	23 06 29.3684948589	-05 02 29.037301866			18.798	16.466	14.024	M7.5e	1306	0

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`2MASS J23062928-0502285`	`EPIC 246199087`	`2MASSW J2306292-050227`	`TRAPPIST-1`
`AP J23062928-0502285`	`K2-112`	`2MUCD 12171`	`WISEA J230630.02-050234.1`
`CNS5 5691`	`Karmn J23064-050`	`TIC 278892590`	`Gaia DR3 2635476908753563008`
`EPIC 200164267`	`2MASSI J2306292-050227`	`TOI-6838`	`Gaia DR2 2635476908753563008`

`2MASS J23062928-0502285`	`AP J23062928-0502285`	`2MASSI J2306292-050227`	`WISEA J230630.02-050234.1`	`Gaia DR3 2635476908753563008`
`Gaia DR2 2635476908753563008`