2023MNRAS.519..228D

Query : 2023MNRAS.519..228D

2023MNRAS.519..228D - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 519, 228-247 (2023/February-2)

The three-dimensional structure of galactic molecular cloud complexes out to 2.5 kpc.

DHARMAWARDENA T.E., BAILER-JONES C.A.L., FOUESNEAU M., FOREMAN-MACKEY D., CORONICA P., COLNAGHI T., MULLER T. and HENSHAW J.

Abstract (from CDS):

Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of Galactic molecular clouds is important for understanding how clouds are affected by processes such as turbulence and magnetic fields and how this structure affects star formation within them. Great progress has been made in this field with the arrival of the Gaia mission, which provides accurate distances to ∼109 stars. Combining these distances with extinctions inferred from optical-infrared, we recover the three-dimensional structure of 16 Galactic molecular cloud complexes at ∼1 pc resolution using our novel three-dimensional dust mapping algorithm DUSTRIBUTION. Using ASTRODENDRO, we derive a catalogue of physical parameters for each complex. We recover structures with aspect ratios between 1 and 11, i.e. everything from near-spherical to very elongated shapes. We find a large variation in cloud environments that is not apparent when studying them in two dimensions. For example, the nearby California and Orion A clouds look similar on sky, but we find California to be more sheet-like, and massive, which could explain their different star formation rates. By calculating the total mass of these individual clouds, we demonstrate that it is necessary to define cloud boundaries in three dimensions in order to obtain an accurate mass; simply integrating the extinction overestimates masses. We find that Larson's relationship on mass versus radius holds true whether you assume a spherical shape for the cloud or take their true extents.

Abstract Copyright: © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): methods: numerical - ISM: clouds - dust, extinction - local interstellar matter - Galaxy: structure

Simbad objects: 105

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Number of rows : 105
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 Ass Cep OB 4 As* 00 02 +67.7           ~ 86 1
2 LDN 1265 DNe 00 09.6 +58 52           ~ 19 0
3 Ass Cas OB 4 As* 00 27 +62.4           ~ 46 0
4 NAME Cas Cloud Cld 00 37 +65.8           ~ 31 0
5 LDN 1293 DNe 00 40 53.6 +63 04 53           ~ 13 0
6 LDN 1297 DNe 00 42.9 +62 46           ~ 6 0
7 LDN 1306 DNe 01 03.1 +62 16           ~ 10 0
8 LDN 1335 DNe 01 51.7 +66 05           ~ 8 0
9 LDN 1333 DNe 02 26 04 +75 28.5           ~ 60 0
10 Ass Cas OB 6 As* 02 43 +61.3           ~ 128 0
11 LDN 1355 DNe 02 52.7 +69 02           ~ 23 0
12 TGU H878 DNe 02 55.4 +69 25           ~ 3 0
13 LDN 1358 DNe 02 55 54 +69 20.8           ~ 11 0
14 TGU H912 DNe 03 09.6 +60 52           ~ 2 0
15 LBN 140.07+01.64 HII 03 18.9 +59 38           ~ 36 0
16 TGU H929 DNe 03 23.4 +60 55           ~ 2 0
17 TGU H942 DNe 03 27.3 +58 33           ~ 8 0
18 NGC 1333 OpC 03 29 09.2 +31 20 59           ~ 1575 1
19 NAME Per Arm PoG 03 30 +45.0           ~ 1672 0
20 Ass Cam OB 1 As* 03 31.6 +58 38           ~ 98 0
21 NAME Perseus Cloud SFR 03 35.0 +31 13           ~ 1553 0
22 LDN 1434 DNe 03 36.1 +37 41           ~ 12 0
23 TGU H937 DNe 03 39.3 +62 34           ~ 4 0
24 IC 348 OpC 03 44 31.1 +32 10 02           ~ 1476 1
25 LDN 1442 DNe 03 50 18 +38 59.0           ~ 11 0
26 LDN 1449 DNe 03 53.3 +37 39           ~ 17 0
27 LDN 1456 DNe 03 55.3 +37 09           ~ 10 0
28 LDN 1462 DNe 04 00.3 +36 58           ~ 6 0
29 LDN 1469 DNe 04 00 29.6 +36 39 34           ~ 5 0
30 LDN 1464 DNe 04 00.7 +36 40           ~ 4 0
31 LDN 1463 DNe 04 01.3 +36 53           ~ 6 0
32 NAME California Molecular Cloud MoC 04 10.0 +39 00           ~ 188 1
33 LDN 1498 DNe 04 11.0 +24 58           ~ 306 0
34 TGU H994 DNe 04 24.0 +55 04           ~ 6 0
35 LDN 1497 DNe 04 27.1 +28 37           ~ 8 0
36 TGU H1045 DNe 04 27.3 +48 08           ~ 3 0
37 TGU H1041 DNe 04 31.0 +49 10           ~ 3 0
38 TGU H1056 DNe 04 32.1 +46 36           ~ 3 0
39 NAME Kutner's Cloud MoC 04 32 44.6 +24 23 13           ~ 283 0
40 LDN 1500 DNe 04 33.1 +29 26           ~ 15 0
41 NAME Taurus Complex SFR 04 41.0 +25 52           ~ 4971 0
42 TMC-1 MoC 04 41 45.9 +25 41 27           ~ 1872 0
43 LDN 1561 DNe 04 50.8 +12 17           ~ 3 0
44 NAME Barnard's Loop HII 05 27.5 -03 58           ~ 131 1
45 NAME lam Ori Cloud Cld 05 35 06 +09 56.0           ~ 76 0
46 NAME Ori Region reg 05 35 17.30 -05 23 28.0           ~ 623 0
47 NAME Ori A MoC 05 38 -07.1           ~ 3187 0
48 NAME Ori B MoC 05 41 43.0 -01 54 44           ~ 1498 0
49 NAME Gal Anticenter reg 05 46 +28.9           ~ 1024 0
50 LDN 1598 DNe 05 52 22.5 +08 13 34           ~ 30 0
51 NAME Orion Molecular Cloud MoC 05 56 -01.8           ~ 1227 1
52 NGC 2149 RNe 06 03 28.1 -09 43 57           ~ 34 0
53 LDN 1570 DNe 06 07 28.4 +19 28 04           ~ 46 0
54 LDN 1623 DNe 06 07.6 +03 30           ~ 5 0
55 NAME Mon R2 HII 06 07 47.58 -06 22 42.6           ~ 789 2
56 NGC 2170 RNe 06 07 48 -06 23.1           ~ 47 0
57 LDN 1629 DNe 06 09.6 +02 29           ~ 9 0
58 LDN 1628 DNe 06 12.6 +02 59           ~ 3 0
59 LDN 1565 DNe 06 21.0 +23 19           ~ 5 0
60 LDN 1633 DNe 06 24 43 +03 22.2           ~ 14 0
61 LBN 1017 HII 06 25 -10.5           ~ 2 0
62 LDN 1652 DNe 06 26.4 -10 02           ~ 17 0
63 NGC 2232 OpC 06 27 45.6 -04 44 26           ~ 212 0
64 LBN 1015 RNe 06 30 -09.6           ~ 6 0
65 NAME Cam Cloud Cld 06 31 +71.2           ~ 74 0
66 NGC 2244 OpC 06 32 06.9 +04 54 19           ~ 673 1
67 NAME Rosette Molecular Cloud MoC 06 34.7 +04 02           ~ 277 0
68 LDN 1653 DNe 06 58.6 -07 44           ~ 13 0
69 LDN 1657 DNe 07 04.1 -10 27           ~ 16 0
70 NAME Canis Major Cloud MoC 07 05 -10.8           ~ 9 0
71 LDN 1658 DNe 07 14.4 -11 05           ~ 9 0
72 NAME Vela-D Molecular Cloud MoC 08 39 -41.0           ~ 52 0
73 NAME VELA MOL RIDGE MoC 08 53 -45.0           ~ 178 0
74 NAME Vela C Cld 08 57 -43.2           ~ 193 0
75 NAME Vela B MoC 09 04 -48.0           ~ 30 0
76 NAME Vela A MoC 09 18 -48.0           ~ 31 0
77 NAME Carina Molecular Cloud Complex MoC 10 43 10 -59 38.2           ~ 97 0
78 * eta Car s*b 10 45 03.545808 -59 41 03.95124 6.37 7.03 6.48 6.123 4.41 LBV 2543 0
79 NAME Cha 1 MoC 11 06 48 -77 18.0           ~ 1266 1
80 NAME Chamaeleon Region SFR 11 55 -78.0           ~ 887 0
81 NAME Musca Cld 12 23 -71.3           ~ 258 0
82 NAME Coalsack Nebula DNe 12 31 19 -63 44.6           ~ 275 0
83 NAME Cha III MoC 12 37.8 -80 15           ~ 147 2
84 NAME Cha II MoC 12 54 -77.2           ~ 361 0
85 Lupus 1 Cld 15 43 02.1 -34 09 06           ~ 320 0
86 Lupus 2 MoC 15 57 08 -37 47.1           ~ 119 1
87 NAME Lupus Complex SFR 16 03 -38.1           ~ 851 0
88 NAME Cygnus Molecular Cloud Cld 20 12 +36.3           ~ 64 0
89 NAME Cyg X Cld 20 30 04.7973633 +40 51 36.002197           ~ 962 1
90 LDN 1157 DNe 20 39 06.4 +68 02 13           ~ 606 0
91 NGC 7023 OpC 21 01 36.9 +68 09 48           ~ 739 0
92 NAME Cepheus Region reg 21 20 00.0 +72 30 00           ~ 126 0
93 IC 1396 OpC 21 38 51.4 +57 31 52           ~ 523 1
94 NGC 7129 OpC 21 43 01.1 +66 07 04     11.5     ~ 271 0
95 NAME Cepheus Bubble PoC 21 44 +61.7           ~ 39 0
96 Ass Cep OB 2 As* 21 51 +60.0           ~ 303 0
97 NGC 7160 OpC 21 53 44.8 +62 35 33   6.34 6.1     ~ 243 0
98 NAME Cepheus Cloud SFR 22 00.0 +76 30           ~ 165 0
99 NAME III CEP ASSOC As* 23 04.2 +63 24           ~ 332 0
100 LDN 1262 MoC 23 25 47 +74 17.6           ~ 136 0
101 NAME Cepheus Flare MoC 23 34 +72.0           ~ 142 0
102 NAME OAC ? 23 42.4 +77 05           ~ 5 0
103 Ass Cas OB 5 As* 23 54 +61.6           ~ 78 0
104 NAME Vela Field reg ~ ~           ~ 200 0
105 NAME Per-Tau reg ~ ~           ~ 54 0

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