2023MNRAS.522..102R

Query : 2023MNRAS.522..102R

2023MNRAS.522..102R - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 522, 102-116 (2023/June-2)

The optical behaviour of BL Lacertae at its maximum brightness levels: a blend of geometry and energetics.

RAITERI C.M., VILLATA M., JORSTAD S.G., MARSCHER A.P., ACOSTA PULIDO J.A., CAROSATI D., CHEN W.P., JONER M.D., KURTANIDZE S.O., LOREY C., MARCHINI A., MATSUMOTO K., MIRZAQULOV D.O., SAVCHENKO S.S., STRIGACHEV A., VINCE O., ACETI P., APOLONIO G., ARENA C., ARKHAROV A., BACHEV R., BADER N., BANFI M., BONNOLI G., BORMAN G.A., BOZHILOV V., BROWN L.F., CARBONELL W., CARNERERO M.I., DAMLJANOVIC G., DHIMAN V., EHGAMBERDIEV S.A., ELSAESSER D., FEIGE M., GABELLINI D., GALAN D., GALLI G., GAUR H., GAZEAS K., GRISHINA T.S., GUPTA A.C., HAGEN-THORN V.A., HALLUM M.K., HART M., HASUDA K., HEIDEMANN K., HORST B., HOU W.-J., IBRYAMOV S., IVANIDZE R.Z., JOVANOVIC M.D., KIMERIDZE G.N., KISHORE S., KLIMANOV S., KOPATSKAYA E.N., KURTANIDZE O.M., KUSHWAHA P., LANE D.J., LARIONOVA E.G., LEONINI S., LIN H.C., MANNHEIM K., MARINO G., MINEV M., MODARESSI A., MOROZOVA D.A., MORTARI F., NAZAROV S.V., NIKOLASHVILI M.G., OTERO SANTOS J., OVCHAROV E., PAPINI R., PINTER V., PRIVITERA C.A., PURSIMO T., REINHART D., ROBERTS J., ROMANOV F.D., ROSENLEHNER K., SAKAMOTO T., SALVAGGIO F., SCHOCH K., SEMKOV E., SEUFERT J., SHAKHOVSKOY D., SIGUA L.A., SINGH C., STEINEKE R., STOJANOVIC M., TRIPATHI T., TROITSKAYA Y.V., TROITSKIY I.S., TSAI A., VALCHEVA A., VASILYEV A.A., VRONTAKI K., WEAVER Z.R., WOOLEY J.H.F., ZAHARIEVA E. and ZHOVTAN A.V.

Abstract (from CDS):

In 2021 BL Lacertae underwent an extraordinary activity phase, which was intensively followed by the Whole Earth Blazar Telescope (WEBT) Collaboration. We present the WEBT optical data in the BVRI bands acquired at 36 observatories around the world. In mid-2021 the source showed its historical maximum, with R = 11.14. The light curves display many episodes of intraday variability, whose amplitude increases with source brightness, in agreement with a geometrical interpretation of the long-term flux behaviour. This is also supported by the long-term spectral variability, with an almost achromatic trend with brightness. In contrast, short-term variations are found to be strongly chromatic and are ascribed to energetic processes in the jet. We also analyse the optical polarimetric behaviour, finding evidence of a strong correlation between the intrinsic fast variations in flux density and those in polarization degree, with a time delay of about 13 h. This suggests a common physical origin. The overall behaviour of the source can be interpreted as the result of two mechanisms: variability on time-scales greater than several days is likely produced by orientation effects, while either shock waves propagating in the jet, or magnetic reconnection, possibly induced by kink instabilities in the jet, can explain variability on shorter time-scales. The latter scenario could also account for the appearance of quasi-periodic oscillations, with periods from a few days to a few hours, during outbursts, when the jet is more closely aligned with our line of sight and the time-scales are shortened by relativistic effects.

Abstract Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: active - BL Lacertae objects: general - BL Lacertae objects: individual: BL Lacertae - galaxies: jets

Simbad objects: 5

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Number of rows : 5
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 8C 0716+714 BLL 07 21 53.4482942664 +71 20 36.363846516   15.5 15.50 14.27   ~ 1388 1
2 QSO J0730-116 Bla 07 30 19.11247452 -11 41 12.6006642     20.30 20.3   ~ 323 1
3 6C 095456+654857 BLL 09 58 47.2451872176 +65 33 54.819354600     17.0 15.75   ~ 771 1
4 NAME BL Lac BLL 22 02 43.2913536816 +42 16 39.979416792   15.66 14.72     ~ 2397 1
5 4C 11.69 Bla 22 32 36.40890093 +11 43 50.9040592   17.75 17.33     ~ 1205 2

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