2023MNRAS.522.1377S

Query : 2023MNRAS.522.1377S

2023MNRAS.522.1377S - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 522, 1377-1393 (2023/June-2)

The largest bright ULX population in a galaxy: X-ray variability and luminosity function in the Cartwheel ring galaxy.

SALVAGGIO C., WOLTER A., BELFIORE A. and COLPI M.

Abstract (from CDS):

We analyse all the available Chandra observations of the Cartwheel galaxy and its compact group, taken between 2001 and 2008, with the main aim of addressing the variability in the X-ray band for this spectacular collisional ring galaxy. We focus on the study of point-like sources, in particular we are interested in ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs; LX ≥ 1039 erg s–1), that we treat as a class. We exploit archival XMM-Newton data to enrich the study of the long-term variability, on time-scales of months to years. We find a total of 44 sources in the group area, of which 37 in total are ULXs positionally linked with the galaxies and of which we can study variability. They are 29 in the Cartwheel itself, seven in G1, and one in G3. About one-third of these 37 sources show long-term variability, while no variability is detected within the single observations. Of those, five ULXs have a transient behaviour with a maximum range of variability (Lmax/Lmin) of about one order of magnitude and are the best candidate neutron stars. The X-ray luminosity function (XLF) of the point-like sources remains consistent in shape between the Chandra observations both for the Cartwheel galaxy itself and for G1, suggesting that flux variability does not strongly influence the average properties of the population on the observation time-scales.

Abstract Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): accretion, accretion discs - galaxies: individual: Cartwheel - galaxies: luminosity function, mass function - X-rays: binaries - X-rays: galaxies

Simbad objects: 49

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Number of rows : 49
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME NGC 55 ULX-2 ULX 00 14 46.810 -39 11 23.48           ~ 5 0
2 CXOU J003737.5-334256 HII 00 37 37.5 -33 42 59           ~ 9 0
3 CXOU J003737.6-334254 HII 00 37 37.5 -33 42 53           ~ 8 0
4 CXOU J003737.8-334253 X 00 37 37.87 -33 42 53.6           ~ 3 0
5 CXOU J003738.3-334308 HII 00 37 38.4 -33 43 12           ~ 6 0
6 CXOU J003738.7-334316 HII 00 37 38.6 -33 43 17           ~ 8 0
7 CXOU J003738.7-334318 HII 00 37 38.8 -33 43 18           ~ 9 0
8 CXOU J003739.1-334230 HII 00 37 39.0 -33 42 30           ~ 7 0
9 [GWA2003] 10 HXB 00 37 39.22 -33 42 50.6           ~ 7 0
10 CXO J003739.3-334323 HXB 00 37 39.39 -33 43 23.3           ~ 16 0
11 CXOU J003740.2-334327 HII 00 37 40.154 -33 43 26.00           ~ 11 0
12 CXOU J003740.4-334325 X 00 37 40.46 -33 43 25.4           ~ 5 0
13 CXOU J003740.8-334330 HII 00 37 41.0 -33 43 32           ~ 8 0
14 CXOU J003741.0-334221 X 00 37 41.06 -33 42 21.9           ~ 3 0
15 MCG-06-02-022a EmG 00 37 41.1133192392 -33 42 58.515101748   19.26   18.52   ~ 314 1
16 CXOU J003741.1-334332 HII 00 37 41.2 -33 43 31           ~ 10 0
17 CXOU J003741.2-334232 X 00 37 41.23 -33 42 32.1           ~ 4 0
18 CXOU J003741.7-334235 X 00 37 41.73 -33 42 35.7           ~ 4 0
19 CXOU J003741.9-334326 X 00 37 42.01 -33 43 26.8           ~ 6 0
20 CXOU J003742.1-334314 X 00 37 42.15 -33 43 14.2           ~ 5 0
21 [CWT2009] XMM 8 X 00 37 42.20 -33 42 51.5           ~ 2 0
22 [GWA2003] 21 HXB 00 37 42.50 -33 43 04.5           ~ 6 0
23 CXOU J003742.7-334212 X 00 37 42.80 -33 42 12.8           ~ 3 0
24 CXOU J003742.8-334209 X 00 37 42.87 -33 42 10.2           ~ 3 0
25 CXOU J003742.9-334204 X 00 37 42.96 -33 42 04.6           ~ 3 0
26 CXOU J003743.0-334206 X 00 37 43.02 -33 42 06.3           ~ 3 0
27 SCG 7 CGG 00 37 43.1 -33 41 26           ~ 8 0
28 CXOU J003743.3-334312 X 00 37 43.35 -33 43 12.6           ~ 3 0
29 LEDA 2249 G 00 37 43.550 -33 42 06.51   16.66   15.94   ~ 20 0
30 CXOU J003743.8-334209 X 00 37 43.87 -33 42 10.2           ~ 4 0
31 LEDA 2252 G 00 37 44.9633851992 -33 42 20.452830948   15.26   14.54   ~ 18 0
32 CXOU J003745.3-334229 X 00 37 45.32 -33 42 29.0           ~ 3 0
33 6dFGS gJ003746.3-333952 G 00 37 46.2972257376 -33 39 52.114306752   16.202   15.185   ~ 21 0
34 NGC 922 EmG 02 25 04.400 -24 47 17.46   12.54 12.21 11.84   ~ 161 1
35 NGC 925 H2G 02 27 16.913 +33 34 43.97   10.69 10.12 9.55   ~ 818 1
36 [EHB2020] NGC 925 ULX-3 ULX 02 27 20.180 +33 34 12.84           ~ 7 0
37 [SST2011] J022721.52+333500.7 UX? 02 27 21.52 +33 35 00.8           ~ 15 0
38 [SST2011] J022727.53+333443.0 UX? 02 27 27.53 +33 34 42.9           ~ 14 0
39 NGC 2207 AG? 06 16 22.0336889136 -21 22 21.759218400   11.48 10.65 10.21 11.9 ~ 301 4
40 IC 2163 AG? 06 16 27.9671433048 -21 22 33.133211832   12.55   11.28   ~ 172 2
41 [KCF2005] M82 G ULX 09 55 51.040 +69 40 45.49           ~ 284 1
42 NAME Antennae IG 12 01 53.170 -18 52 37.92           ~ 1749 0
43 RX J133001+47137 UX? 13 30 01.01 +47 13 43.9           ~ 108 0
44 M 83 SBG 13 37 00.91920 -29 51 56.7400 8.85 8.11 7.52 7.21   ~ 2778 2
45 CXOU J133705.1-295207 ULX 13 37 05.13 -29 52 07.1           ~ 20 0
46 [GMA99d] 4 ULX 14 12 39.20 -65 23 34.3           ~ 21 0
47 NAME NGC 5907 ULX ULX 15 15 58.60 +56 18 10.0           ~ 180 0
48 NAME NGC 5907 ULX-2 ULX 15 16 01.100 +56 17 51.40           ~ 7 0
49 [PMS2020] NGC 7456 ULX1 ULX 23 02 05.62 -39 36 17.0           ~ 10 0

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