2023MNRAS.523.3555Z

Query : 2023MNRAS.523.3555Z

2023MNRAS.523.3555Z - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 523, 3555-3568 (2023/August-2)

Rapidly evolving Galactic plane outbursts in NEOWISE: revisiting the Galactic nova rate with the first all-sky search in the mid-infrared.

ZUCKERMAN L., DE K., EILERS A.-C., MEISNER A.M. and PANAGIOTOU C.

Abstract (from CDS):

The Galactic nova rate is intimately linked to our understanding of its chemical enrichment and progenitor channels of Type Ia supernovae. Yet past estimates have varied by more than an order of magnitude (≈10-300 yr–1), owing to limitations in both discovery methods as well as assumptions regarding the Galactic dust distribution and extragalactic stellar populations. Recent estimates utilizing synoptic near-infrared surveys have begun to provide a glimpse of a consensus (≈25-50 yr–1); however, a consistent estimate remains lacking. Here, we present the first all-sky search for Galactic novae using 8 yr of data from the Near Earth Object WISE (NEOWISE) mid-infrared (MIR) survey. Operating at 3.4 and 4.6 µm where interstellar extinction is negligible, the 6-month cadence NEOWISE data set offers unique sensitivity to discover slowly evolving novae across the entire Galaxy. Using a novel image subtraction pipeline together with systematic selection criteria, we identify a sample of 49 rapidly evolving MIR outbursts as candidate Galactic novae. While 27 of these sources are known novae, the remaining are previously missed nova candidates discovered in this work. The unknown events are spatially clustered along the densest and most heavily obscured regions of the Galaxy where previous novae are severely underrepresented. We use simulations of the NEOWISE survey strategy, the pipeline detection efficiency, and our criteria to derive a Galactic nova rate of $47.9^{+3.1}_{-8.3}$ yr–1. The discovery of these exceptionally bright (yet overlooked) nova candidates confirms emerging suggestions that optical surveys have been highly incomplete in searches for Galactic novae, highlighting the potential for MIR searches in revealing the demographics of Galactic stellar outbursts.

Abstract Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s) Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society

Journal keyword(s): methods: observational - techniques: image processing - novae, cataclysmic variables - white dwarfs

Nomenclature: Figs 1-2+A1, Table 1: WTP YYaaaaaa N=49.

Simbad objects: 86

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Number of rows : 86
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
2 V* V392 Per No* 04 43 21.3694280976 +47 21 25.869776436           ~ 59 0
3 V* V2860 Ori No* 06 09 57.4531362408 +12 12 25.158377304           ~ 13 0
4 V* V435 CMa No* 07 13 45.84 -21 12 31.3           ~ 13 0
5 V* V549 Vel No* 08 50 29.6156560929 -47 45 28.328022263   17.67 16.45 15.90 15.09 ~ 26 0
6 V* V906 Car No* 10 36 15.4286177568 -59 35 53.696262804           ~ 108 1
7 V* V357 Mus No* 11 26 15.160 -65 31 23.30           ~ 32 0
8 V* V1405 Cen No* 13 20 55.35 -63 42 19.1           ~ 13 0
9 MAXI J1348-630 HX? 13 48 12.7388336424 -63 16 29.709083208           ~ 201 0
10 V* FM Cir No* 13 53 27.59 -67 25 00.9           ~ 25 0
11 WTP 19aaeqit No? 14 34 23.87 -60 23 07.4           ~ 1 0
12 WTP 17aaawvh No? 15 10 23.73 -59 14 15.4           ~ 1 0
13 AT 2020oju No* 15 25 50.940 -55 10 29.68           ~ 3 0
14 V* V407 Lup No* 15 29 01.79 -44 49 39.5           ~ 50 0
15 PNV J15384000-4744500 No* 15 38 43.86 -47 44 42.1           ~ 9 0
16 V* V555 Nor No* 15 41 45.24 -53 08 05.9           ~ 8 0
17 WTP 15aafrqh No? 15 53 53.64 -50 32 25.5           ~ 1 0
18 OGLE GD1154.02.17955 No? 16 00 39.19 -51 31 17.7           ~ 3 0
19 PNV J16143400-5330050 No* 16 14 34.00 -53 30 05.0           ~ 6 0
20 WTP 15aagkfe No? 16 21 44.78 -49 02 59.0           ~ 1 0
21 V* V1662 Sco No* 16 48 49.62 -44 57 03.2           ~ 12 0
22 V* V1657 Sco No* 16 52 18.87 -37 54 18.9           ~ 8 0
23 V* V1535 Sco Sy* 17 03 26.1705418392 -35 04 17.816830248           ~ 51 0
24 V* V1663 Sco No* 17 03 47.509 -38 16 57.14           ~ 9 0
25 V* V1706 Sco No* 17 07 34.186 -36 08 21.26           ~ 11 0
26 PNV J17120009-4017560 No* 17 12 00.18 -40 17 56.6           ~ 7 0
27 V* V3665 Oph No* 17 14 02.53 -28 49 23.3           ~ 9 0
28 V* V1661 Sco No* 17 18 06.37 -32 04 27.7           ~ 9 0
29 PNV J17184490-2454220 No* 17 18 45.04 -24 54 22.1           ~ 7 0
30 V* V1656 Sco No* 17 22 51.46 -31 58 37.1           ~ 14 0
31 [KW2003] 11 Mi* 17 24 39.9557643000 -24 21 47.399493024       16.106   ~ 12 0
32 WTP 18aagupf No? 17 26 36.20 -31 02 45.0           ~ 1 0
33 V* V2944 Oph No* 17 29 13.42 -18 46 13.8           ~ 39 0
34 VVV J173034.12-310607.0 CV* 17 30 34.1334502128 -31 06 07.038593604           ~ 9 0
35 WTP 15abhbmr No? 17 31 05.72 -26 26 40.2           ~ 1 0
36 V* V2949 Oph No* 17 34 47.75 -24 09 04.2           ~ 10 0
37 V* V3661 Oph No* 17 35 50.41 -29 34 23.8           ~ 14 0
38 V* V1707 Sco No* 17 37 09.54 -35 10 23.2           ~ 13 0
39 V* V1655 Sco No* 17 38 19.31 -37 25 08.7           ~ 10 0
40 WTP 20aabiyl No? 17 38 22.26 -31 13 21.7           ~ 1 0
41 AT 2019qfj No* 17 38 31.820 -29 03 47.12           ~ 6 0
42 V* V3731 Oph No* 17 38 35.10 -25 19 02.9           ~ 8 0
43 V* V3662 Oph No* 17 39 46.10 -24 57 55.8           ~ 21 0
44 PNV J17422408-2053088 No* 17 42 24.11 -20 53 08.6           ~ 10 0
45 AT 2018fcz No? 17 42 38.850 -27 54 37.48           ~ 2 0
46 V* V1659 Sco No* 17 42 57.68 -33 25 42.9           ~ 8 0
47 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
48 OGLE 2015-NOVA-1 No* 17 48 12.82 -32 35 13.4           ~ 10 0
49 ASASSN -17no ev 17 49 36.090 -30 55 45.01           ~ 2 0
50 OGLE 2016-NOVA-2 CV* 17 49 57.33 -29 14 37.9           ~ 8 0
51 PNV J17561375-2942546 No* 17 56 13.75 -29 42 54.6           ~ 6 0
52 WTP 15aalgvq No? 17 56 29.16 -26 02 42.1           ~ 1 0
53 WTP 17aacewn No? 17 57 59.77 -23 18 16.4           ~ 1 0
54 WTP 15aalqal No? 17 59 19.75 -24 14 32.4           ~ 1 0
55 V* V5853 Sgr No* 18 01 07.78 -26 31 43.4           ~ 16 0
56 OGLE 2015-NOVA-2 CV* 18 01 58.39 -26 03 26.3           ~ 2 0
57 V* V5669 Sgr No* 18 03 32.7413774913 -28 16 05.517235794           ~ 16 0
58 PNV J18040967-1803581 No* 18 04 09.45 -18 03 55.8           ~ 10 0
59 2MASS J18074287-1937199 No? 18 07 42.8796758232 -19 37 19.944178752           ~ 2 0
60 V* V5855 Sgr No* 18 10 28.29 -27 29 59.3           ~ 35 0
61 TCP J18104219-1534184 No* 18 10 42.29 -15 34 18.0           ~ 10 0
62 V* V5667 Sgr No* 18 14 25.15 -25 54 34.7           ~ 21 0
63 WTP 16aanhmb No? 18 16 05.86 -16 51 20.8           ~ 1 0
64 V* V5856 Sgr No* 18 20 52.25 -28 22 12.1           ~ 54 0
65 V* V6567 Sgr No* 18 22 45.20 -19 36 02.6           ~ 17 0
66 V* V5850 Sgr CV* 18 22 59.25 -19 14 14.8           ~ 8 0
67 V* V611 Sct No* 18 25 29.87 -09 47 32.3           ~ 8 0
68 V* V613 Sct No* 18 29 22.93 -14 30 44.2           ~ 13 0
69 V* V3890 Sgr No* 18 30 43.2877623168 -24 01 08.944843980     15.944 14.798 12.611 M5III 232 0
70 V* V612 Sct No* 18 31 45.86 -14 18 55.5           ~ 35 0
71 WTP 14acagae No? 18 32 43.20 -09 08 51.1           ~ 1 0
72 V* V5668 Sgr No* 18 36 56.827920 -28 55 39.97524       16.028   ~ 142 0
73 V* V659 Sct No* 18 39 59.70 -10 25 41.9           ~ 19 0
74 WTP 16aafsab No? 18 40 56.38 -06 09 03.8           ~ 1 0
75 V* V2000 Aql No* 18 43 53.40 +00 03 51.7           ~ 8 0
76 ATLAS 16ctz No? 18 53 07.93 +06 44 08.9           ~ 2 0
77 WTP 15aaqrit No? 18 55 28.940 +02 04 01.30           ~ 1 0
78 WTP 15abnwwk No? 19 00 28.860 +02 27 57.26           ~ 1 0
79 NOVA Aql 2019 No* 19 03 14.950 +01 20 28.25           ~ 3 0
80 WTP 16aaoejo No? 19 20 01.730 +15 25 02.02           ~ 1 0
81 V* V1831 Aql No* 19 21 50.15 +15 09 24.8           ~ 17 0
82 WTP 18aaikmg No? 19 22 34.620 +13 01 56.91           ~ 1 0
83 V* V569 Vul No* 19 52 08.25 +27 42 20.9           ~ 12 0
84 V* V2891 Cyg No* 21 09 25.53431040 +48 10 52.2267600           ~ 28 0
85 WTP 17aaetmh No? 23 10 07.480 +61 20 23.74           ~ 1 0
86 NAME Galactic Bulge reg ~ ~           ~ 4794 0

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