2023MNRAS.523.5887M

Experimental and theoretical infrared spectra, between 4000 and 500 cm^–1 (2.5-20 μm), and infrared band strengths of two solid phases of indene, amorphous, and crystalline, are given for the first time. The samples were generated via vapour deposition under high vacuum conditions on a cold surface. Density functional theory was employed for the calculations of the infrared (IR) spectra. For lack of previous information, a monoclinic symmetry is suggested for the theoretical crystalline phase of indene, based on the comparison of the calculated and experimental IR spectra. Assignments, based on the calculations, are given for the main indene IR absorptions. The infrared spectra of highly diluted mixtures of indene in amorphous solid water at 10 K are also provided, evidencing that the indene spectrum is not much altered by the water ice environment. These data are expected to be useful for the search of this species in the solid phase in astrophysical environments with the JWST.
With the band strengths obtained in this work, and applying a simple literature model, we find that indene could represent at most 2-5 per cent of the intensity of a weak absorption feature at 3.3 μm recently reported for Elias 16. A column density of (1.5-0.6) × 10¹⁶ cm^–2 is estimated for indene in the ice mantles of TMC-1. It would correspond to ≈ (2-0.8) × 10^–2 of cosmic carbon, which is probably too high for a single small hydrocarbon.