2023MNRAS.525.3923D

The detection of γ-ray emission from accreting pulsars in X-ray binaries (XRBs) has long been sought after. For some high-mass X-ray binaries (HMXBs), marginal detections have recently been reported. Regardless of whether these will be confirmed or not, future telescopes operating in the γ-ray band could offer the sensitivity needed to achieve solid detections and possibly spectra. In view of future observational advances, we explored the expected emission above 10 GeV from XRBs, based on the Cheng & Ruderman model, where γ-ray photons are produced by the decay of π⁰ originated by protons accelerated in the magnetosphere of an accreting pulsar fed by an accretion disc. We improved this model by considering, through Monte Carlo simulations, the development of cascades inside of and outside the accretion disc, taking into account pair and photon production processes that involve interaction with nuclei, X-ray photons from the accretion disc, and the magnetic field. We produced grids of solutions for different input parameter values of the X-ray luminosity (L_x), magnetic field strength (B), and for different properties of the region where acceleration occurs. We found that the γ-ray luminosity spans more than five orders of magnitude, with a maximum of ∼10³⁵ erg s^–1. The γ-ray spectra show a large variety of shapes: some have most of the emission below ∼100 GeV, others are harder (emission up to 10-100 TeV). We compared our results with Fermi/LAT and VERITAS detections and upper limits of two HMXBs: A0535+26 and GRO J1008-57. More consequential comparisons will be possible when more sensitive instruments will be operational in the coming years.