2023MNRAS.526.1687T

We investigate the X-ray variability properties of Seyfert 1 Galaxies belonging to the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey (BASS). The sample includes 151 unobscured (N_H < 10²² cm^–2) AGNs observed with XMM-Newton for a total exposure time of ∼27 ms, representing the deepest variability study done so far with high signal-to-noise XMM-Newton observations, almost doubling the number of observations analysed in previous works. We constrain the relation between the normalized excess variance and the 2-10 keV AGN luminosities, black hole masses, and Eddington ratios. We find a highly significant correlation between $\sigma _{\rm NXS}^2$ and M_BH , with a scatter of ∼0.85 dex. For sources with high L_2–10 this correlation has a lower normalization, confirming that more luminous (higher mass) AGNs show less variability. We explored the $\sigma _{\rm NXS}^2$ versus M_BH relation for the sub-sample of sources with M_BH estimated via the 'reverberation mapping' technique, finding a tighter anticorrelation, with a scatter of ∼0.65 dex. We examine how the $\sigma _{\rm NXS}^2$ changes with energy by studying the relation between the variability in the hard (3-10 keV) and the soft (0.2-1 keV)/medium (1-3 keV) energy bands, finding that the spectral components dominating the hard energy band are more variable than the spectral components dominating in softer energy bands, on time-scales shorter than 10 ks.