2023RAA....23g5023H

Query : 2023RAA....23g5023H

2023RAA....23g5023H - Research in Astron. and astroph., 23, part no 7, 5023 (2023/July-0)

Unveiling the Initial Conditions of Open Star Cluster Formation.

HAO C.J., XU Y., HOU L.G., LIN Z.H. and LI Y.J.

Abstract (from CDS):

Open clusters (OCs) are infrequent survivors of embedded clusters gestated in molecular clouds. Up to now, little is known about the initial conditions for the formation of OCs. Here, we studied this issue using high-precision astrometric parameters provided by Gaia data release 3. The statistics show that the peculiar motion velocities of OCs vary slightly from infancy to old age, providing a remarkable opportunity to use OCs to trace their progenitors. Adopting a dynamical method, we derived the masses of the progenitor clumps where OCs were born, which have statistical characteristics comparable to previously known results for clumps observed in the Galaxy. Moreover, the masses of the progenitor clumps of OCs indicate they should be capable of gestating massive O-type stars. In fact, after inspecting the observed OCs and O-type stars, we found that there are many O-type stars in OCs. The destructive stellar feedback from O-type stars may disintegrate the vast majority of embedded clusters, and only those sufficiently dense ones can survive as OCs.

Abstract Copyright: © 2023. National Astronomical Observatories

Journal keyword(s): Galaxy: stellar content - (Galaxy:) open clusters and associations: general - stars: formation - stars: kinematics and dynamics

Simbad objects: 163

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Number of rows : 163
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 V* V747 Cep SB* 00 01 46.8678793584 +67 30 25.102332180 11.6 11.38 10.07     O5.5V(n)((f)) 59 0
2 BD+66 1674 * 00 02 10.2414638448 +67 25 45.186308256 10.76 10.67 9.60     O9.7IV 52 0
3 BD+66 1675 * 00 02 10.2887046096 +67 24 32.228861796 10.18 10.16 9.08     O7.5Vz 97 0
4 Cl Berkeley 59 OpC 00 02 17 +67 26.5           ~ 107 0
5 NGC 7822 29 Y*O 00 02 19.1183701152 +67 25 38.263184040   12.82 11.806   9.149 O7V((f))z 18 0
6 HD 5005D V* 00 52 48.9538781352 +56 37 30.845436528 8.98 9.84 9.83   9.63 O9.2V 30 0
7 IC 1590 OpC 00 52 49.2 +56 37 42           ~ 70 0
8 BD+57 247 * 01 19 10.2720173016 +58 20 57.096955392 9.45 10.14 9.93     O9.7IV 35 0
9 NGC 457 OpC 01 19 32.4 +58 16 40   6.97 6.4     ~ 259 2
10 BD+61 411 Y*O 02 26 34.3948 +62 00 42.380 11.09 11.14 10.28     O6.5V((f))z 63 0
11 NAME W 3 OH HII 02 27 04.1 +61 52 22           ~ 1064 2
12 BD+60 499 Y*O 02 32 16.7518284696 +61 33 14.996422332 10.27 10.85 10.31     O9.5V 87 0
13 BD+60 501 Y*O 02 32 36.2781863760 +61 28 25.586191812 11.062 10.02 9.56     O7V(n)((f))z 124 0
14 HD 15570 Y*O 02 32 49.4207394600 +61 22 42.089384892 8.40 8.80 8.11 7.41 6.86 O4If 316 0
15 IC 1805 OpC 02 32 52.1 +61 28 36           ~ 542 1
16 HD 15629 Y*O 02 33 20.5873992264 +61 31 18.188762844 8.23 8.85 8.42     O4.5V((fc)) 255 0
17 BD+60 513 Y*O 02 34 02.5297182912 +61 23 10.877763048 9.38 9.88 9.39     O7Vnz 116 0
18 SAI 24 OpC 02 59 10.8 +60 33 42           ~ 29 0
19 HD 18326 Y*O 02 59 23.1709737312 +60 33 59.519691216 9.211 8.21 7.94     O6.5V((f))z+O9/B0V: 142 0
20 Hilt 412 * 03 59 07.4899665432 +57 14 11.661837396 11.254 10.35 10.08     O8Vz 35 0
21 Cl Alicante 1 OpC 03 59 08 +57 14.4           ~ 18 0
22 Cl Waterloo 1 OpC 04 18 45.9 +52 51 55           ~ 85 0
23 UBC 609 OpC 04 20 39.7 +53 09 10           ~ 13 0
24 [FSR2007] 0696 OpC 04 58 35.00 +47 59 09.0           ~ 4 0
25 LBN 159.17+03.33 HII 04 58 45.7 +47 59 36           ~ 86 1
26 LS V +33 15 Y*O 05 22 39.6835151291 +33 22 18.258113541 10.17 10.71 10.22 10.009 9.264 O7V(n)z 39 1
27 BD+33 1025 Y*O 05 22 43.9986915696 +33 26 26.656482120 9.84 10.37 10.28   9.904 O7.5V(n)z 47 0
28 NGC 1893 OpC 05 22 52.8 +33 26 32           ~ 270 0
29 LS V +34 21 * 05 27 33.4055439122 +34 27 01.830361178 11.57 11.659 10.695 10.356   O9IV 23 0
30 Cl Stock 8 OpC 05 27 54.1 +34 28 41           ~ 93 0
31 NAME Orion Nebula Cluster OpC 05 35.0 -05 29           ~ 2514 0
32 NAME Ori Trapezium OpC 05 35 16.5 -05 23 14           ~ 1708 1
33 HD 46056 Y*O 06 31 20.8608343776 +04 50 03.842554740 7.60 8.36 8.16 8.16 8.09 O8Vn 242 0
34 NGC 2244 OpC 06 32 06.9 +04 54 19           ~ 673 1
35 HD 46223 Y*O 06 32 09.3068103600 +04 49 24.705695568 6.73 7.50 7.28 6.95 6.79 O4V((f)) 406 0
36 HD 46485 Y*O 06 33 50.9566745256 +04 31 31.613196504 7.92 8.60 8.27   8.10 O7V((f))nzvar? 162 0
37 HD 52266 SB* 07 00 21.0763468632 -05 49 35.954203044 6.32 7.22 7.23     O9.5IIIn 125 0
38 TYC 170-1152-1 * 07 07 13.8744886704 +04 18 03.408330744   11.82 11.38     ~ 3 0
39 [HXH2021] 60 OpC 07 07 19 +04 16.2           ~ 2 0
40 UBC 633 OpC 07 31 20.8 -15 24 35           ~ 19 0
41 TYC 5979-2209-1 * 07 31 35.6795093328 -15 19 00.372388800 11.52 11.89 11.32 11.20   OB 13 0
42 HD 75759 SB* 08 50 21.0167636904 -42 05 23.247034188 4.95 5.90 6.00 7.18   O9V+B0V 147 0
43 Cl Alessi 43 OpC 08 50 27.4 -41 44 30           ~ 56 0
44 NAME Muzzio 1 OpC 08 57 48.6 -47 44 58           ~ 27 1
45 CD-47 4550 * 08 57 51.6591996432 -47 45 43.990614468 10.92 11.13 10.29 10.15   O7V((f))z 34 0
46 CPD-47 2964 * 08 57 56.0618733936 -47 43 55.935672060 12.8 12.88 11.98     OB 8 0
47 GSC 08612-00589 * 10 22 40.9588843872 -59 30 30.588078600   12.69 11.99     O7V((f))z 10 0
48 SAI 113 OpC 10 22 42.5 -59 30 44           ~ 18 0
49 V* V712 Car EB* 10 23 58.0126366512 -57 45 48.937268268 15.466 15.473 13.5 12.6   O3If*/WN6+O3If*/WN6 176 0
50 Cl Westerlund 2 OpC 10 23 58.1 -57 45 49           ~ 400 0
51 CD-59 3123 * 10 30 20.8615940304 -59 49 21.435676716 10.55 10.65 9.91 9.98   O9.5Ib 21 0
52 Cl Collinder 223 OpC 10 32 16 -60 01.2     9.4     ~ 42 0
53 Cl Loden 153 OpC 10 34 41 -58 07.8           ~ 29 1
54 HD 91824 SB* 10 34 46.6322493936 -58 09 22.038466896 7.17 8.11 8.14 9.02   O7V((f))z 165 0
55 V* V725 Car EB* 10 43 30.8371202256 -59 29 23.879203368 9.66 10.29 10.08 10.06   O9.7IV 47 0
56 CD-58 3526 Y*? 10 43 46.6855999968 -59 32 54.846500640 9.161 9.884 9.593 9.84 9.13 O6V((f))z 77 0
57 Cl Trumpler 14 5 * 10 43 53.6203837896 -59 33 28.513930068 11.046 11.631 11.302 11.20 10.65 B0.2V 30 0
58 HD 93128 SB* 10 43 54.3957741024 -59 32 57.497266716 8.82 8.97 8.77 9.40 8.71 O3.5V((fc))z 112 1
59 Cl Trumpler 14 OpC 10 43 56.0 -59 33 07   5.70 5.5     ~ 547 0
60 HD 93161B * 10 44 09.0755469120 -59 34 35.393294136   8.658 8.641     O6.5IV((f)) 24 1
61 HD 93204 * 10 44 32.3390794992 -59 44 31.020804780 7.63 8.52 8.42 8.20 7.92 O5.5V((f)) 200 0
62 Cl Trumpler 15 20 Y*? 10 44 35.1060059352 -59 23 28.166456976   12.99 12.70     O9V: 18 0
63 HD 303311 SB* 10 44 37.4602634976 -59 32 55.460525100 8.30 9.042 8.979 9.58 9.09 O6V((f))z 91 0
64 Cl Collinder 232 OpC 10 44 39.00 -59 33 36.0           ~ 72 0
65 Cl Trumpler 15 OpC 10 44 43.6 -59 22 07           ~ 229 0
66 HD 93250 ** 10 44 45.0275085072 -59 33 54.680974848 6.73 8.12 7.50 8.38   O4III(fc) 334 0
67 Cl Trumpler 16 OpC 10 45 01.9 -59 42 00           ~ 510 0
68 CPD-59 2627 * 10 45 06.7193609928 -59 41 56.560947828 9.606 10.343 10.116   9.685 O9.5V 59 0
69 CD-59 3310 SB* 10 45 16.5181708560 -59 43 37.050828744 8.842 9.542 9.219 9.65 8.585 O6V((fc)) 97 0
70 UCAC4 145-065595 ** 10 58 32.3898617640 -61 10 56.660216844   13.67 12.48 12.62   O5V((f))+O7V((f)) 5 0
71 [DBS2003] 57 OpC 10 58 44 -61 10.7           ~ 10 0
72 UBC 266 OpC 11 05 20.2 -59 45 32           ~ 10 0
73 Cl Feinstein 1 OpC 11 06 43 -59 49.2   4.84 4.7     ~ 39 0
74 HD 96622 SB* 11 06 59.7814597392 -59 40 04.375135416 8.37 9.05 8.87 9.50   O9.2IV 71 0
75 HD 96670 HXB 11 07 13.9342973568 -59 52 23.180506824 6.86 7.60 7.43 8.38   O7V(f)n 109 1
76 HD 306058 * 11 11 02.3734722216 -60 28 45.018184764 9.48 10.20 9.95 10.09 9.85 O8 26 0
77 Cl Collinder 240 OpC 11 11 40.00 -60 18 35.0   4.23 3.9     ~ 29 0
78 UBC 267 OpC 11 13 07.4 -58 52 47           ~ 9 0
79 HD 97848 * 11 14 31.9027108872 -59 01 28.842530124 7.66 8.59 8.60 9.43   O8V 90 0
80 NGC 3603 OpC 11 14 57.9 -61 14 32           ~ 1136 1
81 NGC 3603 57 * 11 15 08.1929776680 -61 15 47.342435580   14.25 13.16     O5III(f) 16 0
82 NGC 3603 18 s*b 11 15 08.7088006464 -61 15 59.957261208 13.57 13.67 12.51     O3.5If* 24 0
83 NGC 3603 47 * 11 15 09.3526936584 -61 16 02.077865112 13.49 13.71 12.67     O4IV(f) 23 0
84 NGC 3603 23 * 11 15 09.8442205224 -61 15 30.491592156 13.51 13.75 12.65     OC9.7Ia 22 0
85 HD 308813 SB* 11 37 58.4451890256 -63 18 59.455147284 8.46 9.68 9.73 9.74   O9.7IV(n) 85 0
86 HD 101190 ** 11 38 09.9116823600 -63 11 48.614641440 6.58 7.37 7.33 8.48   O6IV((f)) 171 0
87 HD 101191 SB* 11 38 12.1672877688 -63 23 26.799724320 7.69 9.32 9.36 9.29   O8V 86 0
88 HD 101223 * 11 38 22.7710327032 -63 12 02.800069956 8.12 9.55 9.51 9.41   O8V 84 0
89 Cl Collinder 249 OpC 11 38 40.1 -63 23 27           ~ 38 0
90 HD 101298 * 11 39 03.2761321080 -63 25 47.052737472 7.33 8.15 8.07 8.84   O6.5IV((f)) 124 0
91 Cl Hogg 15 OpC 12 43 36.8 -63 06 01           ~ 61 0
92 HD 311884 WR* 12 43 50.9991209208 -63 05 14.812489320 11.45 11.64 10.81 10.59   WN6+O5V 175 0
93 NAME NGP reg 12 51 26.275 +27 07 41.70           ~ 1274 0
94 2MASS J15150164-5949166 * 15 15 01.6391041032 -59 49 16.581039996   12.60 11.59     ~ 5 0
95 Cl Pismis 20 OpC 15 15 23.5 -59 04 23   8.69 7.8     ~ 103 0
96 Cl Pismis 20 7 * 15 15 23.7717207539 -59 04 17.069695433 10.99 11.46 10.54     B1Ib/II 24 0
97 UBC 545 OpC 16 34 08.2 -48 54 20           ~ 9 0
98 CD-48 10953 * 16 34 37.5720296376 -48 50 09.986064252 11.78 12.14 11.48 11.34   O9 15 0
99 NGC 6193 OpC 16 41 14.9 -48 46 47           ~ 169 0
100 HD 150135 * 16 41 19.4443334664 -48 45 47.568769200 6.19 7.00 6.88 7.33   O6.5V((f))z 130 0
101 Cl Hogg 22 OpC 16 46 34.1 -47 06 12           ~ 81 0
102 CD-46 11017 * 16 46 36.0142148208 -47 05 11.294995668 8.99 10.19 9.81 9.63   O9.7II-III 31 1
103 HD 152147 SB* 16 53 28.6179497064 -42 07 17.050155420 7.20 7.76 7.34 6.97 6.60 O9.7IbNwk 116 0
104 HD 152199 Y*O 16 53 51.3544154184 -41 32 41.259571044 8.15 9.17 9.02 9.40   O9.7V 41 0
105 HD 152248 Y*O 16 54 10.0618206816 -41 49 30.139291596 5.56 6.15 6.088     O7Iabf+O7Ib(f) 270 0
106 HD 152247 SB* 16 54 11.5173615984 -41 38 30.967835208 6.62 7.35 7.16 8.09   O9.2III 141 0
107 HD 152249 s*b 16 54 11.6395658856 -41 50 57.295111524 5.91 6.65 6.45     OC9Iab 254 0
108 HD 326329 Y*O 16 54 14.1033282720 -41 50 08.503512720 8.141 9.183 9.013 9.477 8.460 O9.7V 78 0
109 NGC 6231 OpC 16 54 14.4 -41 48 53           ~ 562 0
110 HD 326331 SB* 16 54 25.9691286216 -41 49 55.768191852 6.886 7.678 7.497   7.143 O8IVn((f)) 87 0
111 HD 152314 ** 16 54 32.0048577720 -41 48 18.848961036 7.256 7.974 7.749 9.01 7.446 O9IV 113 0
112 C 1652-407 OpC 16 55 30.00 -40 50 00.0     3.4     ~ 12 0
113 HD 152559 * 16 55 55.2304916328 -40 46 46.874099604 7.82 9.10 9.26 9.30   O9 42 0
114 V* V1297 Sco SB* 16 56 05.2157203176 -40 20 57.576260184 7.87 9.11 9.29 9.29   O7.5Vz 149 0
115 Cl Trumpler 24 OpC 16 57 00 -40 40.0     8.6     ~ 74 0
116 Cl HM 1 12 * 17 18 42.8169069936 -38 49 50.367839016 14.46 14.09 12.57     O6I 13 0
117 Cl HM 1 20 * 17 18 44.8977166368 -38 50 00.331676160 14.97 14.8 13.45     ~ 12 0
118 Cl HM 1 OpC 17 19 00 -38 49.0           ~ 52 0
119 Cl HM 1 18 * 17 19 00.7936104528 -38 49 23.133433188 15.17 14.87 13.41     O7V((f))z 16 0
120 Cl HM 1 19 * 17 19 01.6794329064 -38 49 10.617624948 16.12 15.73 14.15     O9V 14 0
121 Cl HM 1 8 * 17 19 04.4329814016 -38 49 04.869862716 14.45 14.08 12.52     O5III(f) 19 0
122 Cl HM 1 9 * 17 19 05.7683983728 -38 49 02.126209476 14.99 14.58 12.99     O9.7V 14 0
123 2MASS J17242895-3414506 Y*O 17 24 28.9495855992 -34 14 50.698347864 13.73 13.59 12.32   15.840 O7.5Vz 24 0
124 2MASS J17243603-3414004 Y*O 17 24 36.0352822992 -34 14 00.477669588 14.78 14.43 13.03     O9V 24 0
125 2MASS J17244229-3413213 Y*O 17 24 42.3026643288 -34 13 21.451913400 14.4 14.16 12.75   14.768 O7.5:V 23 0
126 2MASS J17244328-3412439 Y*O 17 24 43.2830173320 -34 12 43.893578664 13.68 13.36 11.95     O5V((f)) 24 0
127 NGC 6357 OpC 17 24 44 -34 12.2           ~ 303 0
128 Cl Pismis 24 16 Y*O 17 24 44.4825303377 -34 11 58.953979092           O7.5V 21 0
129 Cl Pismis 24 17 Y*O 17 24 44.7309068928 -34 12 02.698328196 13.61 13.33 11.84 11.35 9.61 O3.5III(f*) 47 0
130 2MASS J17244578-3409399 Y*O 17 24 45.7779508152 -34 09 39.851529768 14.53 14.21 12.73 12.30   O6V((f))z 34 1
131 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
132 BD-12 4964 * 18 17 24.5559679608 -12 18 27.258288660 10.51 10.71 9.85 9.91   OB 39 0
133 LS IV -12 12 * 18 17 33.6808672920 -12 05 42.836362656 11.12 11.28 10.45 10.35   O6V((f)) 25 0
134 LS IV -11 8 * 18 17 46.7295670224 -11 50 39.830832132 12.04 11.78 11.03     B 13 0
135 UBC 344 OpC 18 17 54.0 -12 04 59           ~ 9 0
136 NGC 6611 161 Y*O 18 18 30.9568964448 -13 43 08.219371944 12.13 12.456 11.215 11.01 9.376 O8IV 38 0
137 LS IV -13 14 Y*O 18 18 32.2227699960 -13 48 48.055623228 11.343 11.024 10.296 10.38 9.430 O9V 56 0
138 HD 168075 Y*O 18 18 36.0418343184 -13 47 36.449731536 8.62 9.22 8.77 9.45   O7V(n)((f))z 149 0
139 NGC 6611 222 Y*O 18 18 37.4984975040 -13 43 39.417078468 14.971 14.487 12.968   10.692 O7V((f))z 35 0
140 BD-13 4928 Be* 18 18 42.7761777816 -13 46 50.969988732 10.05 10.604 10.044 10.23 9.345 O9.7IVnn 72 0
141 M 16 OpC 18 18 45.1 -13 47 31           ~ 1084 1
142 BD-13 4930 Y*O 18 18 52.6749052848 -13 49 42.634556148 9.04 9.71 9.45   8.968 O9.7V 116 0
143 HD 168137 Y*O 18 18 56.1894798360 -13 48 31.092549588 8.72 9.36 8.94 9.55   O8Vz 131 0
144 V* QR Ser SB* 18 18 58.6907022768 -13 59 28.456622916 7.92 8.55 8.28 9.07   O9.5III+B3-5V/III 91 0
145 NGC 6847 OpC 19 56 37.00 +30 12 48.0           ~ 18 0
146 HD 190864 Em* 20 05 39.8022808800 +35 36 27.991297908 7.18 7.93 7.78     O6.5III(f) 233 0
147 NGC 6871 OpC 20 06 07.9 +35 46 45   5.43 5.2     ~ 237 0
148 Cl Berkeley 87 OpC 20 21 35.0 +37 25 14           ~ 141 0
149 [LP2019] 2179 Cl* 20 22 09 +38 34.5           ~ 3 0
150 HD 194094 * 20 22 20.9580075912 +38 43 29.470174176 9.22 9.57 9.05     O8.5III 43 0
151 V* V1827 Cyg s*b 20 30 27.3018237840 +41 13 25.130220744     13.053     O6Iaf+O9Ia 42 0
152 IRAS 20286+4105 HII 20 30 29.94 +41 15 50.8           ~ 57 1
153 Schulte 14 Em* 20 32 16.5622071096 +41 25 35.670679176 12.84 12.27 11.47     O9V 53 0
154 [FSR2007] 0236 OpC 20 32 37 +41 26.4           ~ 15 0
155 BD+40 4221 * 20 32 45.4494231552 +41 25 37.543209348 12.06 11.93 10.68     O8.5V(n) 64 0
156 IC 1396 OpC 21 38 51.4 +57 31 52           ~ 523 1
157 HD 239729 Y*O 21 39 27.4057254792 +57 29 00.810299364 8.17 8.71 8.35   7.96 B0V 82 0
158 UPK 169 OpC 21 47 04.5 +59 47 19           ~ 14 0
159 HD 207538 * 21 47 39.7896725544 +59 42 01.348647696 7 7.55 7.30     O9.7IV 213 1
160 BD+55 2722 Y*O 22 18 58.6254723768 +56 07 23.482698528 9.79 10.59 10.15 9.93   O7V(n)z+B 45 0
161 DSH J2218.9+5607 OpC 22 18 59.0 +56 07 18           ~ 19 1
162 UBC 404 OpC 23 51 47.9 +60 55 19           ~ 23 0
163 BD+60 2635 * 23 53 05.2165799040 +60 54 44.678044584 9.98 10.50 10.1     O6V((f)) 27 0

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