2024A&A...681A..54A

In this study, we report the results of the analysis of Fe, Mg, Al, and Si abundances analysis for a sample of 439 stars in ω Centauri, using high-resolution spectra obtained with the VLT/FLAMES multi-object spectrograph. Our analysis reveals the presence of four distinct Fe populations, with the main peak occurring at a low metallicity, consistent with previous literature findings. We observe a discrete and pronounced Mg-Al anticorrelation, which exhibits variations in shape and extension as a function of metallicity. Specifically, this anticorrelation is present in stars with metallicities lower than approximately -1.3 dex, while it becomes less evident or absent for higher [Fe/H] values. Additionally, we detect (anti)correlations between Mg and Si, and between Al and Si, whose extensions also vary with metallicity, similar to the Mg-Al anticorrelation. These results suggest that the MgAl cycle plays a crucial role in the formation of multiple populations in ω Centauri, with the presence of all (anti)correlations at metallicities lower than -1.3 dex, providing evidence for the burning of Mg at very high temperatures (> 10⁸ K), at least in the metal-poor regime. Furthermore, we observe a clear trend of stars with [Al/Fe] > +0.5 dex as a function of metallicity, confirming for the first time the existence of the two channels of Al production and destruction. This evidence can help to provide further constraints on the potential nature of the polluters responsible for the observed chemical anomalies in this stellar system. Finally, we find that the two most metal-poor populations identified in our sample are compatible with null or very small metallicity dispersion and we discuss how this result fits into a scenario where ω Centauri is the remnant of a disrupted nucleated dwarf galaxy.