2024A&A...682A..49G

Query : 2024A&A...682A..49G

2024A&A...682A..49G - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 682A49 (2024/2-1)

EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey.

GUARCELLO M.G., FLACCOMIO E., ALBACETE-COLOMBO J.F., ALMENDROS-ABAD V., ANASTASOPOULOU K., ANDERSEN M., ARGIROFFI C., BAYO A., BARTLETT E.S., BASTIAN N., DE BECKER M., BEST W., BONITO R., BORGHESE A., CALZETTI D., CASTELLANOS R., CECCHI-PESTELLINI C., CLARK J.S., CLARKE C.J., COTI ZELATI F., DAMIANI F., DRAKE J.J., GENNARO M., GINSBURG A., GREBEL E.K., HORA J.L., ISRAEL G.L., LAWRENCE G., LOCCI D., MAPELLI M., MARTINEZ-GALARZA J.R., MICELA G., MICELI M., MORAUX E., MUZIC K., NAJARRO F., NEGUERUELA I., NOTA A., PALLANCA C., PRISINZANO L., RITCHIE B., ROBBERTO M., ROM T., SABBI E., SCHOLZ A., SCIORTINO S., TRIGILIO C., UMANA G., WINTER A., WRIGHT N.J. and ZEIDLER P.

Abstract (from CDS):

Context. With a mass exceeding several 104M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars. The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically, the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec. Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10–8 photons cm–2 s–1. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution, with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2024

Journal keyword(s): stars: formation - stars: low-mass - stars: massive - stars: Wolf-Rayet - X-rays: stars - open clusters and associations: individual: Westerlund 1

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/682/A49): tablea1.dat>

Status at CDS : All or part of tables of objects could be ingested in SIMBAD with priority 2.

Simbad objects: 143

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Number of rows : 143
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME W 3 OH HII 02 27 04.1 +61 52 22           ~ 1064 2
2 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7988 0
3 NAME Orion Nebula Cluster OpC 05 35.0 -05 29           ~ 2514 0
4 M 82 AGN 09 55 52.430 +69 40 46.93 9.61 9.30 8.41     ~ 6156 6
5 Cl Westerlund 2 OpC 10 23 58.1 -57 45 49           ~ 400 0
6 NGC 3603 OpC 11 14 57.9 -61 14 32           ~ 1136 1
7 [MCM2005b] 30 Cl* 12 14 32.0 -62 58 49           ~ 16 0
8 NAME Crux-Scutum Spiral Arm reg 12 30 -60.0           ~ 323 0
9 M 51 Sy2 13 29 52.698 +47 11 42.93   9.26 8.36 8.40   ~ 4565 4
10 NAME Nor Arm PoG 16 00 -50.0           ~ 485 0
11 [MCM2005b] 81 OpC 16 40 29.60 -46 23 25.6           ~ 26 0
12 MR 62 WR* 16 41 19.2544733688 -48 01 59.103204780 14.13 13.53 12.58 13.03   WC8+OB 47 0
13 2MASS J16465341-4553000 Be* 16 46 53.41 -45 53 00.1     18.061 16.598 14.425 OBe 7 0
14 [RCN2009] W3002 s*b 16 46 54.24 -45 51 54.7   23.6 18.93 16.08 13.26 B0Iab 10 0
15 [CRN2020] W1007 * 16 46 54.9451496836 -45 50 05.922759665           O9-9.5III 7 0
16 [CRN2020] W1008 * 16 46 55.4051552021 -45 51 54.264257045   23.1 19.73 17.11 14.40 O9.5II 8 0
17 WR 77a WR* 16 46 55.5364791576 -45 51 34.480934408     20.30 17.50 14.70 WN6o 16 0
18 [CRN2020] W1010 ** 16 46 55.9730871275 -45 52 10.295916900           O+O? 6 0
19 [CRN2020] W1012 * 16 46 56.9656657539 -45 50 55.973462936   23.8 20.36 17.78 14.97 O9-9.5III 7 0
20 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 86 * 16 46 57.1589551488 -45 50 09.938630292   22.9 18.76 16.43 14.00 O9.5Ib 12 0
21 [CRN2020] W1013 ** 16 46 57.6979466592 -45 52 30.853226244           O+O? 8 0
22 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 373 s*b 16 46 57.7255119168 -45 53 20.035273668       14.741 12.318 B0Iab 13 0
23 [CRN2020] W1014 * 16 46 57.8213884200 -45 51 19.803907188   23.3 19.58 17.40 15.03 O9-9.5III 8 0
24 [CRN2020] W1015 * 16 46 57.9755735779 -45 51 40.823836754   23.1 19.24 16.77 14.17 O9III 7 0
25 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 228b * 16 46 58.0541909424 -45 53 00.932401356           O9Ib 12 0
26 [CRN2020] W1016 * 16 46 58.1755594653 -45 52 47.029466369           O9-9.5III 7 0
27 [CMN2008] J164658.2-455056 s*b 16 46 58.2313040184 -45 50 56.923471680           O9.5Iab 10 0
28 2MASS J16465824-4550341 LP? 16 46 58.2461301672 -45 50 33.981308736   23.5 19.91 17.44 14.94 O9-9.5III 9 0
29 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 55 s*b 16 46 58.4205093840 -45 51 31.294157724   21.6 18.030 15.283 12.758 B0Ia 19 0
30 [CRN2020] W1020 ** 16 46 58.5083345688 -45 52 27.253645284   21.8 18.45 16.38 14.19 O9-9.5+O? 8 0
31 [B2007] J164658.78-455431.9 V* 16 46 58.7770177032 -45 54 31.941132336     20.313 17.377 14.816 O9-9.5III 8 0
32 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 56b * 16 46 58.8667320511 -45 51 45.947165816   22.8 18.88 16.36 13.76 O9.5Ib 13 0
33 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 84 * 16 46 59.0490595608 -45 50 28.293859689   21.3 17.82 15.60 13.63 O9.5Ib 14 0
34 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 1 s*b 16 46 59.4000262680 -45 50 46.721009148   21.9 18.37 16.09 13.65 O9.5Iab 11 0
35 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 2 s*b 16 46 59.7175806088 -45 50 51.190946043   20.4 16.978 14.287 11.771 B2Ia 20 0
36 Cl* Westerlund 1 CN N WR* 16 46 59.9151721464 -45 55 25.670942256       16.9 13.0 WC9d 17 0
37 [B2007] J164659.93-455025.3 V* 16 46 59.9378046305 -45 50 25.533716514   23.0 19.48 17.206 14.818 O9.5II 7 0
38 [CRN2020] W1023 * 16 47 00.1465625314 -45 51 10.442832337           O9III 7 0
39 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 53 s*b 16 47 00.3870731784 -45 51 31.849633872   22.9 18.51 15.80 13.13 OBIa+OBIa 12 0
40 [CRN2020] W1024 s*b 16 47 00.7896509926 -45 51 02.001132742   23.3 19.38 16.72 14.04 O9.5Iab 7 0
41 Cl* Westerlund 1 CN I WR* 16 47 00.8820136008 -45 51 20.517977916       17.336 14.340 WN8o 21 0
42 2MASS J16470103-4550069 s*b 16 47 01.0295784432 -45 50 06.914814072           O9.5Iab 9 0
43 [CRN2020] W1026 * 16 47 01.0339980005 -45 49 48.905400386           O9-9.5III 6 0
44 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 21 s*b 16 47 01.1124528826 -45 51 13.583454380   22.5 18.41 15.619 12.861 B0.5Ia 13 0
45 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 50b * 16 47 01.1722949256 -45 50 26.807447580   22.8 19.66 17.21 14.69 O9III 11 0
46 [CRN2020] W1028 * 16 47 01.3243744387 -45 51 38.186292483   23.9 20.76 17.98 15.29 O9-9.5III 6 0
47 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 232 s*b 16 47 01.41 -45 52 34.9   21.3 17.53 14.98 12.45 B0Iab 9 0
48 Cl* Westerlund 1 BKS H s*y 16 47 01.4269856784 -45 50 37.248841536   18.781 14.47 11.80 9.15 F3Ia+ 31 0
49 [CRN2020] W1029 * 16 47 01.4990079489 -45 49 50.216988313           O9-9.5III 7 0
50 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 78 s*b 16 47 01.5500127120 -45 49 57.922981500   21.0 17.413 14.621 12.04 B1Ia 14 0
51 WR 77d WR* 16 47 01.5976561900 -45 51 45.244547387           WN7o 16 0
52 [RCN2009] W3005 s*b 16 47 01.6814988264 -45 52 58.067536008       15.393 12.966 O9.5Iab 16 0
53 [CRN2020] W1031 * 16 47 01.8269351697 -45 50 56.299811948           O9III 6 0
54 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 24 s*b 16 47 02.1561069816 -45 51 12.581922276   23.0 18.71 15.96 13.24 O9Iab 22 0
55 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 11 s*b 16 47 02.2390158456 -45 50 47.186514564   21.2 17.508 14.599 11.898 B2Ia 19 0
56 [CRN2020] W1032 * 16 47 02.2741179648 -45 50 17.769718752   24.0 21.18 18.01 15.38 O9-9.5III 8 0
57 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 61a s*b 16 47 02.2999985640 -45 51 41.772039336   21.2 17.506 14.633 12.01 B0.5Ia 18 0
58 2MASS J16470235-4552340 * 16 47 02.3682085812 -45 52 34.343069997   22.6 18.96 16.43 13.81 O9-9.5I-III 9 0
59 Cl Westerlund 1 OpC 16 47 02.4 -45 51 07           ~ 655 1
60 Cl* Westerlund 1 CN J WR* 16 47 02.4735872095 -45 50 59.898935502           WN5h 16 0
61 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 62a LP? 16 47 02.5204504462 -45 51 38.051924860           B0.5Ib 11 0
62 [CRN2020] W1034 s*b 16 47 02.5294508952 -45 51 48.420453636   22.5 18.69 16.34 13.85 O9.5Iab 9 0
63 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 61b s*b 16 47 02.5662082776 -45 51 41.864431536   22.7 18.59 16.00 13.31 O9.5Iab 20 0
64 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 23a s*b 16 47 02.5776330614 -45 51 08.902293204   22.1 18.316 14.986 12.081 B2Ia+B:I? 20 0
65 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 47 s*b 16 47 02.64 -45 51 17.6   22.7 19.95 16.36 13.68 O9.5Iab 7 0
66 [CRN2020] W1035 * 16 47 02.6448847993 -45 51 51.142275839   23.5 19.56 17.15 14.54 O9-9.5III 6 0
67 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 41 s*b 16 47 02.7105467198 -45 50 56.972033345   21.3 17.87 15.39 12.78 O9Iab 18 0
68 [CMN2008] C07-X4 s*b 16 47 02.7825906073 -45 52 12.594272925   23.5 19.29 16.69 14.09 O9.5Iab 9 0
69 [CRN2020] W1037 * 16 47 02.8479618969 -45 50 06.453433235   24.0 19.62 17.00 14.41 O9.5II 7 0
70 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 38 s*b 16 47 02.8628531323 -45 50 46.145964246   23.2 19.10 16.47 13.81 O9Iab 14 0
71 WR 77f WR* 16 47 02.9772955944 -45 50 19.713734556   21.552 17.792 15.035 12.508 WNL/BIa+ 38 0
72 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 6a s*b 16 47 03.0477797919 -45 50 23.748131606   22.2 18.41 15.80 13.16 B0.5Iab 21 0
73 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 54 s*b 16 47 03.06 -45 51 30.5           B0.5Iab 8 0
74 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 10 s*b 16 47 03.3405625992 -45 50 34.603317456   22.720 18.516 15.257   O9.5/B0.5Iae 20 0
75 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 63a s*b 16 47 03.4010407564 -45 51 57.852956239   22.6 18.56 16.20 13.68 B0Iab 10 0
76 [CRN2020] W1038 * 16 47 03.4982835699 -45 48 57.263241946           O9III 6 0
77 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 43b s*b 16 47 03.5274881368 -45 50 56.525344948           B1Ia 8 0
78 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 46b * 16 47 03.61 -45 51 20.0           O9.5Ib 8 0
79 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 43c * 16 47 03.7585229164 -45 50 58.441368189   20.4 18.35 16.18 13.66 O9Ib 12 0
80 Cl* Westerlund 1 CN V WR* 16 47 03.8075002560 -45 50 38.725374804           WN8o 16 0
81 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 65 * 16 47 03.8973039959 -45 51 46.495252717   22.9 18.73 16.27 13.68 O9Ib 13 0
82 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 46a s*b 16 47 03.9147803107 -45 51 19.743263385   23.0 18.55 15.537 12.499 B1Ia 18 0
83 Cl* Westerlund 1 CN G WR* 16 47 04.0152346631 -45 51 25.019757928   22.7 20.87 17.75 14.68 WN7o 24 0
84 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 30 ** 16 47 04.1126936513 -45 50 39.164057275   22.4 18.45 15.80 13.20 O4-5Ia+ 25 0
85 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 9 WR* 16 47 04.1419806984 -45 50 31.311670632   21.8 17.47 14.47 11.74 sgB[e] 56 0
86 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 35 s*b 16 47 04.2023052264 -45 50 53.727473868   22.7 18.59 16.00 13.31 O9Iab 16 0
87 WR 77k WR* 16 47 04.2072122904 -45 51 07.177760892   22.6 18.86 15.61 12.52 WN7 29 0
88 Cl* Westerlund 1 CN H WR* 16 47 04.2489212873 -45 51 20.211867845           WC9d 17 0
89 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 34 s*b 16 47 04.3941837044 -45 50 47.222852634   22.1 18.15 15.40 12.69 B0Ia 12 0
90 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 29 s*b 16 47 04.4118843432 -45 50 39.933732768   22.6 18.66 16.02 13.38 O9.5/B0.5Ia 14 0
91 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 238 s*b 16 47 04.4263582176 -45 52 27.788277972   21.4 17.820 14.98 12.45 B1Iab 18 0
92 [B2007] J164704.55-455008.5 V* 16 47 04.5264523844 -45 50 08.944546740   21.9 18.89 16.37 13.76 O9-9.5I-III 9 0
93 [CRN2020] W1041 s*b 16 47 04.56 -45 51 09.4           O9.5Iab 5 0
94 [CRN2020] W1043 * 16 47 04.5641198378 -45 50 59.466200077   23.3 20.17 17.39 14.53 O9.5II-III 8 0
95 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 28 s*b 16 47 04.6646286552 -45 50 38.503394520   20.9 17.146 14.303 11.64 B2Ia 17 0
96 [B2007] J164704.69-455206.8 LP? 16 47 04.6861300696 -45 52 06.751201957   22.8 19.17 16.899 14.405 O9.5II 7 0
97 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 20 s*r 16 47 04.6967287296 -45 51 23.953706496       15.660   M6I 28 0
98 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 8 s*y 16 47 04.7959778348 -45 50 25.013789709   19.9 15.913 12.64 9.89 F8Ia+ 23 0
99 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 36 s*b 16 47 05.0826653568 -45 50 55.155662808   22.8 18.89 16.09 13.38 OBIa+OBIa 14 0
100 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 27 s*b 16 47 05.1550269480 -45 50 41.418677508   21.5 17.94 15.35 12.80 O9I+OI 14 0
101 Cl* Westerlund 1 CN F WR* 16 47 05.2114579896 -45 52 24.985725096   21.7 17.86 15.39 12.90 WC9d 33 0
102 Cl* Westerlund 1 CN B WR* 16 47 05.3717585660 -45 51 04.811705369     20.99 17.50 14.37 WN7o 32 0
103 [CRN2020] W1044 * 16 47 05.5613992540 -45 49 51.590056059   24.1 20.28 17.85 15.36 O9-9.5III 7 0
104 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 25 s*b 16 47 05.7882476736 -45 50 33.368306136   21.9 17.85 15.22 12.61 O9Iab 13 0
105 [CRN2020] W1045 * 16 47 05.8254722805 -45 51 55.018111865   23.2 19.77 17.20 14.49 O9.5II 6 0
106 Cl* Westerlund 1 CN R WR* 16 47 05.9726730842 -45 50 23.072495547       17.652 15.223 WN5o 25 0
107 [CRN2020] W1046 ** 16 47 06.0028257432 -45 49 56.940210444   22.5 18.87 16.59 14.19 O+O? 8 0
108 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 37 * 16 47 06.0112607572 -45 50 47.478171168   22.8 19.11 16.40 13.65 O9Ib 9 0
109 Cl* Westerlund 1 CN E WR* 16 47 06.0667110144 -45 52 08.266249200     18.379 15.675 12.940 WC9 25 0
110 [CRN2020] W1047 * 16 47 06.1168390416 -45 52 32.246125752   22.1 18.93 16.58 14.03 O9.5II 9 0
111 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 17 s*b 16 47 06.2490500592 -45 50 49.292687328   22.7 18.87 16.19 13.56 O9Iab 19 0
112 Cl* Westerlund 1 CN D WR* 16 47 06.2554455566 -45 51 26.391243810       18.935 15.600 WN7o 23 0
113 2MASS J16470625-4551042 s*b 16 47 06.2605539440 -45 51 03.954008939   23.8 20.50 17.150 14.065 B1.5Ia 9 0
114 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 13 WR* 16 47 06.4540771320 -45 50 26.072579796   21.1 17.19 14.63 12.06 WNL/BIa+ 40 0
115 WR 77s WR* 16 47 06.5427725380 -45 50 39.068951194   23.7 19.81 16.98 13.99 WN6o 18 0
116 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 15 * 16 47 06.6306037464 -45 50 29.723762580   22.8 18.96 16.38 13.75 O9Ib 29 0
117 2MASS J16470667-4547384 s*b 16 47 06.6726520752 -45 47 38.465045304   22.1 18.250 14.919 12.05 B1-2Ia+ 9 0
118 [CRN2020] W1050 * 16 47 06.7733365333 -45 49 55.292363736   23.1 19.52 16.97 14.44 O9.5II 7 0
119 [B2007] J164707.01-454940.1 * 16 47 07.01 -45 49 40.1       16.702 13.938 O9III 8 0
120 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 74 s*b 16 47 07.0783996992 -45 50 13.086504168       15.835 13.312 O9.5Iab 17 0
121 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 243 s*b 16 47 07.5040736160 -45 52 29.123491188   19.873 15.730     LBV 67 0
122 [CRN2020] W1054 * 16 47 07.5839070152 -45 51 40.978488826           O9-9.5 7 0
123 WR 77sa WR* 16 47 07.6203489360 -45 49 22.068668640           WN6h 15 0
124 Cl* Westerlund 1 CN O WR* 16 47 07.6630825488 -45 52 35.964833052       16.886 14.047 WN6o 18 0
125 2MASS J16470780-4551479 * 16 47 07.8203317464 -45 51 47.911549536       16.940 13.939 B0Ib(+O?) 10 0
126 WR 77sc WR* 16 47 08.3538521592 -45 50 45.414739212     19.69 16.59 13.68 WN7b 32 0
127 Cl* Westerlund 1 W 71 s*b 16 47 08.4584673360 -45 50 49.338181284   21.5 17.531 14.158 11.16 B2.5Ia 24 0
128 2MASS J16470870-4551016 LP? 16 47 08.6927169224 -45 51 01.692195228   24.2 20.54 17.31 14.30 O9.5II 6 0
129 [CRN2020] W1058 * 16 47 08.9073559387 -45 51 24.591634218           O9III 7 0
130 2MASS J16470892-4549585 s*r 16 47 08.9198319768 -45 49 58.452357324     16.70     M4Ia 29 0
131 [CRN2020] W1059 * 16 47 09.0844285862 -45 53 20.615482427           O9III? 7 0
132 [CRN2020] W1060 * 16 47 09.18 -45 50 48.3   23.3 20.09 17.09 14.31 O9.5II 5 0
133 [CRN2020] W1061 * 16 47 09.7608863689 -45 50 40.265910136   23.9 20.91 18.16 15.42 O9-9.5III 7 0
134 PSR J1647-4552 Psr 16 47 10.18 -45 52 16.7           ~ 217 1
135 [CRN2020] W1062 ** 16 47 10.6420707051 -45 50 46.468343839   23.6 20.03 17.48 14.90 O+O? 8 0
136 [CRN2020] W1063 * 16 47 10.7488769688 -45 49 47.888096016           O9III 8 0
137 [CMN2008] J164711.5-455000 s*b 16 47 11.5159397111 -45 49 59.878723928           O9.5Iab 8 0
138 [RCN2009] W3003 V* 16 47 11.6073210840 -45 49 22.478619972   23.1 19.08 16.211 13.314 B0Ib 16 0
139 [CRN2020] W1066 * 16 47 12.6202523184 -45 50 55.602652052           O9III 7 0
140 WR 77sd WR* 16 47 14.1461547746 -45 48 31.963132544           WN5o 13 0
141 NAME Arches Cluster Cl* 17 45 50.5 -28 49 28           ~ 792 0
142 NAME Quintuplet Cluster OpC 17 46 13.9 -28 49 48           ~ 561 0
143 Ass Cyg OB 2 As* 20 33.2 +41 19           ~ 1023 0

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