2024A&A...683A.149E

Query : 2024A&A...683A.149E

2024A&A...683A.149E - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 683A149 (2024/3-1)

ViCTORIA project: The LOFAR view of environmental effects in Virgo cluster star-forming galaxies.

EDLER H.W., ROBERTS I.D., BOSELLI A., DE GASPERIN F., HEESEN V., BRUGGEN M., IGNESTI A. and GAJOVIC L.

Abstract (from CDS):

Context. Environmental effects such as ram pressure stripping (RPS) shape the evolution of galaxies in dense regions.
Aims. We used the nearby Virgo cluster as a laboratory to study the environmental effects on the nonthermal components of star-forming galaxies.
Methods. We constructed a sample of 17 RPS galaxies in the Virgo cluster and a statistical control sample of 119 nearby galaxies from the Herschel Reference Survey. All objects in these samples were detected in LOFAR 144 MHz observations and come with Hα and/or far-UV star formation rate (SFR) estimates.
Results. We derived the radio-SFR relations, confirming a clearly super-linear slope of ≈1.4. We found that Virgo cluster RPS galaxies have radio luminosities that are a factor of 2-3 larger than galaxies in our control sample. We also investigated the total mass-spectral index relation, where we found a relation for the Virgo cluster RPS galaxies that is shifted to steeper spectral index values by 0.17 ± 0.06. Analyzing the spatially resolved ratio between the observed and the expected radio emission based on the hybrid near-UV + 100 μm SFR surface density, we generally observed excess radio emission all across the disk with the exception of a few leading-edge radio-deficient regions.
Conclusions. The radio excess and the spectral steepening for the RPS sample could be explained by an increased magnetic field strength if the disk-wide radio enhancement is due to projection effects. For the galaxies that show the strongest radio excesses (NGC 4330, NGC 4396 and NGC 4522), a rapid decline in the SFR (tquench ≤ 100 Myr) could be an alternative explanation. We disfavor shock acceleration of electrons as a cause for the radio excess since it cannot easily explain the spectral steepening and radio morphology.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2024

Journal keyword(s): stars: formation - galaxies: clusters: individual: Virgo cluster - galaxies: interactions - radio continuum: galaxies - radio continuum: general

Simbad objects: 155

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Number of rows : 155
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 Z 124-4 GiG 10 20 57.132 +25 21 53.41   14.0       ~ 60 0
2 NGC 3227 Sy1 10 23 30.5765149296 +19 51 54.282206700   12.61 11.79     ~ 1807 2
3 IC 610 H2G 10 26 28.363 +20 13 41.71   14.8       ~ 89 0
4 NGC 3254 Sy2 10 29 19.922 +29 29 29.18   12.29 11.60     ~ 208 0
5 NGC 3277 Sy2 10 32 55.4484213912 +28 30 42.279280956 12.74 12.50 11.68     ~ 148 1
6 Z 183-28 AG? 10 34 29.8150381608 +35 15 24.411464568   14.1       ~ 52 0
7 NGC 3287 H2G 10 34 47.2748599104 +21 38 54.041074584   12.9       ~ 135 0
8 Z 124-41 AG? 10 35 42.0244753152 +26 07 32.903764932   15.3       ~ 36 0
9 NGC 3294 AG? 10 36 16.2564642096 +37 19 29.049225924   11.5       ~ 210 0
10 NGC 3338 SyG 10 42 07.5363224928 +13 44 49.177468104   12.1       ~ 268 0
11 NGC 3346 EmG 10 43 38.9309584368 +14 52 18.437883960   12.80       ~ 192 0
12 NGC 3380 GiG 10 48 12.1848022440 +28 36 06.485019660   13.6       ~ 105 0
13 NGC 3381 GiG 10 48 24.7990862064 +34 42 41.068596852   12.8       ~ 180 0
14 NGC 3395 GiG 10 49 50.1160141680 +32 58 58.421838360   12.1 12.10     ~ 292 1
15 NGC 3424 AGN 10 51 46.322 +32 54 02.44   13.2       ~ 176 1
16 NGC 3430 GiP 10 52 11.3923421616 +32 57 01.545623100   12.2       ~ 235 0
17 NGC 3437 EmG 10 52 35.7533541720 +22 56 02.883954120   12.575 11.961 11.474 10.818 ~ 193 1
18 Z 184-31 GiG 10 52 38.361 +34 28 58.04   15.1       ~ 79 0
19 NGC 3442 H2G 10 53 08.0999856384 +33 54 37.298426436   13.2       ~ 96 1
20 NGC 3451 H2G 10 54 20.859 +27 14 22.76   13.5       ~ 132 0
21 NGC 3448 AG? 10 54 39.240 +54 18 18.82   12.2       ~ 238 1
22 NGC 3504 LIN 11 03 11.19147 +27 58 20.7660   13.48 12.93     ~ 545 2
23 NGC 3512 GiP 11 04 02.9540255952 +28 02 12.394037112   13.7 12.87     ~ 168 0
24 NGC 3596 H2G 11 15 06.2081129496 +14 47 13.284196332   12.01 11.49 10.99 10.45 ~ 226 0
25 NGC 3629 GiC 11 20 31.7958505056 +26 57 48.281033484   12.9       ~ 104 0
26 NGC 3631 AG? 11 21 02.8871865144 +53 10 10.415331660   11.0       ~ 385 1
27 NGC 3655 Sy2 11 22 54.6356867928 +16 35 24.235700100   12.575 11.904 11.366 10.732 ~ 193 1
28 NGC 3657 H2G 11 23 55.5870997368 +52 55 15.535718220   13.1       ~ 73 0
29 NGC 3666 GiG 11 24 26.0692042488 +11 20 31.397824824   12.5       ~ 161 0
30 NGC 3684 GiP 11 27 11.2076836512 +17 01 48.596515284   12.1       ~ 185 0
31 NGC 3683 H2G 11 27 31.890 +56 52 36.15   12.7       ~ 197 0
32 NGC 3686 GiP 11 27 43.9717389912 +17 13 27.014601036   11.6       ~ 208 0
33 NGC 3729 GiP 11 33 49.321 +53 07 31.79   12.2       ~ 221 1
34 Z 292-9 GiP 11 36 26.47296 +58 11 28.9572   14.3       ~ 97 1
35 NGC 3755 GiG 11 36 33.3670184712 +36 24 36.940718628   13.9       ~ 111 0
36 NGC 3756 GiG 11 36 48.0255259872 +54 17 36.721532292   12.1       ~ 193 0
37 NGC 3795 GiG 11 40 06.841 +58 36 47.37   14.1       ~ 91 0
38 NGC 3804 LSB 11 40 54.2302328040 +56 12 07.479490968   13.8       ~ 110 1
39 NGC 3813 GiG 11 41 18.6482342616 +36 32 48.771124872   12.6       ~ 140 1
40 NGC 3846A LSB 11 44 14.8175213160 +55 02 05.800948656   14.2       ~ 90 0
41 ACO 1367 ClG 11 44 44.6 +19 41 59           ~ 1127 1
42 Z 186-45 rG 11 46 25.9791256176 +34 51 09.211880448   15.0       ~ 58 0
43 NGC 3898 LIN 11 49 15.370 +56 05 03.66   11.7       ~ 329 1
44 NGC 3953 GiG 11 53 49.0086582552 +52 19 36.475395312   11.08   9.71   ~ 380 0
45 NGC 3982 Sy2 11 56 28.1445516072 +55 07 30.859586652   12.20 11.70 11.18   ~ 588 1
46 Z 269-22 GiC 11 56 49.526 +53 09 37.21   13.90   12.96   ~ 155 0
47 NGC 4100 GiG 12 06 08.602 +49 34 56.32   11.7       ~ 269 0
48 NGC 4178 H2G 12 12 46.443 +10 51 57.59   12.9       ~ 367 0
49 IC 3061 GiG 12 15 04.519 +14 01 44.31   14.9       ~ 158 0
50 NGC 4207 GiG 12 15 30.436 +09 35 05.78   13.7       ~ 179 0
51 NGC 4212 H2G 12 15 39.3368219184 +13 54 05.388525900   11.9       ~ 328 0
52 NGC 4216 AGN 12 15 54.444 +13 08 57.84 11.51 10.99 10.01     ~ 424 1
53 NGC 4222 GiC 12 16 22.522 +13 18 25.46   13.86       ~ 208 1
54 NGC 4237 AGN 12 17 11.4198657984 +15 19 26.557164264   12.3       ~ 266 0
55 IC 3105 AG? 12 17 33.750 +12 23 17.15   15.0       ~ 97 0
56 M 99 H2G 12 18 49.625 +14 24 59.36 10.45 10.44 9.87     ~ 1004 2
57 NGC 4289 H2G 12 21 02.304 +03 43 19.06   15.0       ~ 134 0
58 NGC 4294 GiC 12 21 17.787 +11 30 39.99   12.6       ~ 320 0
59 NGC 4298 GiC 12 21 32.7578814360 +14 36 22.048690716   12.04 11.34     ~ 358 1
60 NGC 4299 GiC 12 21 40.548 +11 29 59.74   12.8       ~ 271 0
61 NGC 4302 GiC 12 21 42.477 +14 35 51.94   13.4 11.61     ~ 348 0
62 M 61 Sy2 12 21 54.9282582888 +04 28 25.597367184 10.07 10.18 9.65     ~ 1084 1
63 NGC 4307 GiG 12 22 05.625 +09 02 36.79   13.4       ~ 176 0
64 NGC 4312 GiC 12 22 31.359 +15 32 16.51   12.53 11.72     ~ 180 1
65 NGC 4313 GiG 12 22 38.5152345672 +11 48 03.161125584   13.2       ~ 174 0
66 NGC 4316 GiG 12 22 42.221 +09 19 58.12   14.0       ~ 167 0
67 M 100 AGN 12 22 54.9299993592 +15 49 20.296257960 10.04 10.05 9.35     ~ 1963 2
68 NGC 4330 GiG 12 23 17.249 +11 22 04.73   14.0       ~ 246 0
69 NGC 4343 AGN 12 23 38.6916756216 +06 57 14.481212688   14.816 13.860 13.824   ~ 185 1
70 IC 3258 GiC 12 23 44.4789302568 +12 28 41.951393292   14.3       ~ 159 0
71 NGC 4351 GiG 12 24 01.560 +12 12 18.09   13.5       ~ 239 0
72 IC 3268 rG 12 24 07.430 +06 36 26.89   14.2       ~ 121 0
73 NGC 4359 GiG 12 24 11.060 +31 31 17.78   13.9       ~ 122 0
74 NGC 4370 GiG 12 24 54.932 +07 26 40.44 16.09 15.59 13.84     ~ 148 0
75 NGC 4376 GiG 12 25 18.0159139968 +05 44 28.133108988   13.9       ~ 136 0
76 NGC 4380 BLL 12 25 22.178 +10 01 00.14   13.4       ~ 275 0
77 NGC 4383 AGN 12 25 25.51753 +16 28 12.0180 12.41 12.67 12.12     ~ 274 2
78 IC 3322A GiG 12 25 42.634 +07 13 00.15   14.4       ~ 195 0
79 NGC 4388 Sy2 12 25 46.820 +12 39 43.45 11.91 11.76 11.02     ~ 1433 2
80 NGC 4390 GiG 12 25 50.6659863456 +10 27 32.509985148   13.7       ~ 178 0
81 IC 3322 GiG 12 25 54.122 +07 33 17.36   14.7       ~ 143 0
82 NGC 4396 GiC 12 25 58.802 +15 40 17.28 12.94 13.06 12.58     ~ 207 1
83 NGC 4402 GiC 12 26 07.65312 +13 06 47.9376   12.55       ~ 421 2
84 NGC 4413 GiP 12 26 32.2311385872 +12 36 38.426455080   13.6 12.25     ~ 252 1
85 NGC 4412 Sy2 12 26 36.0823099632 +03 57 52.911389772   13.2       ~ 159 0
86 NGC 4416 GiG 12 26 46.72487 +07 55 08.4500           ~ 178 0
87 NGC 4419 LIN 12 26 56.4505296720 +15 02 50.688833388 12.42 12.08 11.16     ~ 419 2
88 NGC 4424 H2G 12 27 11.5741235616 +09 25 14.330453700   13.1       ~ 407 0
89 NGC 4430 GiG 12 27 26.4060329472 +06 15 45.972776664   13.4       ~ 168 0
90 NGC 4438 LIN 12 27 45.6705493536 +13 00 31.708096380 11.37 11.02 10.17     ~ 668 2
91 Z 70-108 GiC 12 28 18.772 +08 43 46.08   15.0       ~ 118 0
92 NGC 4450 LIN 12 28 29.5910654016 +17 05 05.976112020   10.90 10.08     ~ 587 2
93 NGC 4451 GiG 12 28 40.558 +09 15 32.13   13.4       ~ 207 0
94 IC 3392 GiC 12 28 43.2764753520 +14 59 57.963302232   13.3       ~ 181 0
95 NGC 4457 LIN 12 28 59.0252479200 +03 34 14.215556928   11.9       ~ 342 0
96 IC 3412 GiG 12 29 22.647 +09 59 20.49   15.4       ~ 67 0
97 NGC 4469 GiG 12 29 27.997 +08 45 00.63   12.6       ~ 180 0
98 NGC 4470 H2G 12 29 37.8066943368 +07 49 27.284422224   12.9       ~ 257 0
99 IC 3418 LIN 12 29 43.919 +11 24 16.87   16.5       ~ 127 1
100 M 49 Sy2 12 29 46.8 +08 00 01   13.21 12.17     ~ 2174 2
101 Z 42-135 LSB 12 30 00.350 +07 55 47.44   15.4       ~ 140 0
102 NGC 4480 GiG 12 30 26.7893754432 +04 14 47.674860000   13.4       ~ 161 0
103 NAME Virgo Cluster ClG 12 30 47.8 +12 23 07           ~ 7107 0
104 M 87 AGN 12 30 49.42338414 +12 23 28.0436859 10.16 9.59 8.63   7.49 ~ 7815 3
105 NGC 4491 GiG 12 30 57.1112012592 +11 29 00.698250624   13.50 12.55     ~ 164 1
106 NGC 4496 GiP 12 31 39.2222392512 +03 56 21.641352828   11.71       ~ 376 0
107 IC 797 GiC 12 31 54.752 +15 07 26.11   13.9       ~ 157 0
108 M 88 Sy2 12 31 59.1525062448 +14 25 13.148971824   14.33 13.18     ~ 843 1
109 NGC 4506 GiG 12 32 10.5232013544 +13 25 10.824935016   13.63       ~ 123 1
110 IC 3476 GiC 12 32 41.744 +14 03 05.81   13.5       ~ 221 0
111 NGC 4519 GiG 12 33 30.278 +08 39 16.06   12.8       ~ 295 0
112 NGC 4522 GiG 12 33 39.657 +09 10 29.54   13.6       ~ 396 0
113 NGC 4523 GiC 12 33 47.9911135872 +15 10 06.049286292   15.1       ~ 178 0
114 NGC 4525 LSB 12 33 51.1345197048 +30 16 38.774676108   13.0       ~ 129 0
115 IC 800 LSB 12 33 56.715 +15 21 16.35   14.3       ~ 153 0
116 NGC 4532 H2G 12 34 19.329 +06 28 03.73   12.3       ~ 304 2
117 NGC 4535 H2G 12 34 20.3443516704 +08 11 51.908488116   11.1       ~ 679 0
118 IC 3521 GiG 12 34 39.5123938944 +07 09 36.681474564   14.2       ~ 148 0
119 NGC 4540 GiG 12 34 50.8741239840 +15 33 06.116283900   12.5       ~ 220 1
120 M 91 LIN 12 35 26.4446761320 +14 29 46.760333748   14.63 13.57     ~ 639 0
121 NGC 4565 Sy2 12 36 20.804 +25 59 14.61   13.61 12.43     ~ 991 0
122 NGC 4567 H2G 12 36 32.6979947472 +11 15 28.716262668 12.25 12.06 11.31     ~ 339 2
123 NGC 4568 H2G 12 36 34.292 +11 14 19.07   12.11 11.19     ~ 394 2
124 M 90 Sy2 12 36 49.8009839880 +13 09 46.523813040 10.56 10.26 9.54     ~ 953 1
125 M 58 Sy2 12 37 43.59747 +11 49 05.1240 10.80 10.48 9.66     ~ 1140 2
126 NGC 4580 LIN 12 37 48.3754581432 +05 22 06.630315636   13.1       ~ 233 0
127 NGC 4586 GiG 12 38 28.4097889776 +04 19 09.089292180   13.5       ~ 157 0
128 NGC 4595 GiG 12 39 51.9135061584 +15 17 51.942944760   12.8       ~ 215 0
129 NGC 4606 GiP 12 40 57.557 +11 54 43.87   12.7       ~ 173 0
130 NGC 4607 GiC 12 41 12.407 +11 53 11.86   14.7       ~ 184 0
131 NGC 4630 H2G 12 42 31.146 +03 57 37.29   13.4       ~ 156 0
132 NGC 4634 GiG 12 42 40.986 +14 17 45.15   13.6       ~ 189 0
133 NGC 4639 Sy1 12 42 52.3785000336 +13 15 26.706153600   13.62 12.72     ~ 642 0
134 NGC 4647 H2G 12 43 32.542 +11 34 56.89   12.5 12.5     ~ 423 1
135 NGC 4654 H2G 12 43 56.638 +13 07 34.86   11.8       ~ 600 1
136 NGC 4689 H2G 12 47 45.5568088416 +13 45 46.135889100   12.8       ~ 418 0
137 NGC 4725 Sy2 12 50 26.5716367992 +25 30 02.733090588   13.45 12.44     ~ 727 2
138 NGC 4747 GiP 12 51 45.592 +25 46 30.12   13.2       ~ 178 1
139 NGC 4746 GiG 12 51 55.371 +12 04 58.90   13.3       ~ 162 1
140 NGC 4758 GiG 12 52 44.255 +15 50 52.82   14.1       ~ 144 0
141 NGC 4779 H2G 12 53 50.863 +09 42 35.71   13.5       ~ 141 0
142 ACO 1656 ClG 12 59 44.40 +27 54 44.9           ~ 5141 2
143 NGC 5014 H2G 13 11 31.2417164616 +36 16 55.998720012   13.5       ~ 161 1
144 NGC 5145 SBG 13 25 13.9112423568 +43 16 02.366691636   13.6       ~ 113 0
145 IC 902 EmG 13 36 01.212 +49 57 38.59   14.7       ~ 85 0
146 NGC 5248 G 13 37 32.0145074088 +08 53 06.496982448   11.4       ~ 554 0
147 NGC 5301 GiG 13 46 24.60933 +46 06 26.6650   13.0       ~ 135 1
148 NGC 5303 GiP 13 47 44.9986962336 +38 18 16.454895768   12.9       ~ 93 0
149 Z 218-58 AG? 13 50 35.9068536744 +42 32 28.421711304   14.5       ~ 68 0
150 NGC 5372 rG 13 54 46.003 +58 39 59.01   13.7       ~ 56 0
151 NGC 5486 LSB 14 07 25.027 +55 06 10.52   14.0       ~ 106 1
152 Z 220-15 GiG 14 25 21.152 +39 32 21.52   14.8       ~ 105 0
153 NGC 5645 GiG 14 30 39.3607130040 +07 16 30.307322856   12.8       ~ 136 0
154 NGC 5669 H2G 14 32 43.476 +09 53 25.47   13.2       ~ 213 0
155 NGC 5692 GiG 14 38 18.1086849912 +03 24 37.153924632   13.3       ~ 66 0

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