2024A&A...684A..69G

Query : 2024A&A...684A..69G

2024A&A...684A..69G - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 684A69 (2024/4-1)

Implications of the discovery of AF Lep b The mass-luminosity relation for planets in the β Pic Moving Group and the L-T transition for young companions and free-floating planets.

GRATTON R., BONAVITA M., MESA D., ZURLO A., MARINO S., DESIDERA S., D'ORAZI V., RIGLIACO E., SQUICCIARINI V. and NOGUEIRA P.H.

Abstract (from CDS):

Context. Dynamical masses of young planets aged between 10 and 200 Myr detected in imaging play a crucial role in shaping models of giant planet formation. Regrettably, only a few such objects possess these characteristics. Furthermore, the evolutionary pattern of young sub-stellar companions in near-infrared colour-magnitude diagrams might diverge from free-floating objects, possibly due to differing formation processes.
Aims. The recent identification of a giant planet around AF Lep, part of the β Pic moving group (BPMG), encouraged us to re-examine these points.
Methods. We considered updated dynamical masses and luminosities for the sub-stellar objects in the BPMG. In addition, we compared the properties of sub-stellar companions and free-floating objects in the BPMG and other young associations remapping the positions of the objects in the colour-magnitude diagram into a dustiness-temperature plane.
Results. We found that cold-start evolutionary models do not reproduce the mass-luminosity relation for sub-stellar companions in the BPMG. This aligns rather closely with predictions from “hot start” scenarios and is consistent with recent planet formation models. We obtain rather good agreement with masses from photometry and the remapping approach compared to actual dynamical masses. We also found a strong suggestion that the near-infrared colour-magnitude diagram for young companions is different from that of free-floating objects belonging to the same young associations.
Conclusions. If confirmed by further data, this last result would imply that cloud settling - which likely causes the transition between L and T spectral type - occurs at a lower effective temperature in young companions than in free-floating objects. This might tentatively be explained with a different chemical composition.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2024

Journal keyword(s): planets and satellites: atmospheres - planets and satellites: formation - planets and satellites: fundamental parameters

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/684/A69): tablea1.dat tablea2.dat tableb1.dat refs.dat>

Status at CDS : All or part of tables of objects could be ingested in SIMBAD with priority 2.

Simbad objects: 159

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Number of rows : 159
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME THA MGr 00 00 -62.0           ~ 540 0
2 2MASS J00011217+1535355 BD* 00 01 12.1649057559 +15 35 35.544459777           L4 32 0
3 2MASS J00065794-6436542 BD* 00 06 57.9311368488 -64 36 54.236518164         16.712 L0.0 18 0
4 2MASS J00132229-1143006 BD* 00 13 22.29720 -11 43 00.6168           T3pec 15 0
5 2MASS J00182834-6703130 BD* 00 18 28.3266920664 -67 03 13.019299704           L0 8 0
6 PSO J004.6359+56.8370 BD? 00 18 32.873328 +56 50 13.64208           ~ 6 0
7 2MASS J00191296-6226005 BD* 00 19 12.9218633544 -62 26 00.414442212           L1 9 0
8 2MASS J00205014-1519129 BD* 00 20 50.148 -15 19 12.97           L6: 3 0
9 2MASSW J0030300-145033 BD* 00 30 30.13224 -14 50 33.3960           L7V 52 0
10 2MASS J00305194-3808292 BD* 00 30 51.94632 -38 08 29.2308           L5 2 0
11 EROS-MP J0032-4405 BD* 00 32 55.8475515840 -44 05 05.764029396         18.01 L0.5V 52 0
12 2MASS J00344300-4102266 BD* 00 34 42.9982994832 -41 02 26.600447472           L1: 8 0
13 2MASS J00381489-6403529 LM* 00 38 14.8999637016 -64 03 52.898013036           M9.5 9 0
14 2MASS J00425923+1142104 LM* 00 42 59.2403908296 +11 42 10.599611148           M9 9 0
15 2MASS J00440332+0228112 BD* 00 44 03.32160 +02 28 11.2404           L7 9 0
16 2MASS J00452143+1634446 BD* 00 45 21.4152609704 +16 34 44.736014164           L2beta 88 0
17 2MASS J00470038+6803543 BD* 00 47 00.38664 +68 03 54.3672           L9pec 86 0
18 ULAS J004757.40+154641.4 BD* 00 47 57.323 +15 46 41.56           L7+T7 9 0
19 2MASSI J0103320+193536 BD* 01 03 32.03712 +19 35 36.1824           L6V 93 0
20 SCR J0103-5515 SB* 01 03 35.655120 -55 15 56.24316   16.99 15.40 14.96 12.09 M4.5Ve 54 0
21 2MASS J01073866-1314134 BD* 01 07 38.66880 -13 14 13.4808           L7: 2 0
22 V* GU Psc B BD* 01 12 36.53808 +17 04 29.9424           T2+T8 81 1
23 2MASS J01174748-3403258 BD* 01 17 47.4931545768 -34 03 25.849109412       21.040 18.825 L1gamma 36 0
24 2MASS J01205114-5200349 BD* 01 20 51.1503088728 -52 00 34.966834776           L1 9 0
25 SIMP J013656.5+093347.3 BD* 01 36 56.5605419830 +09 33 47.311965969           T2.0 167 0
26 2MASS J01415823-4633574 BD* 01 41 58.2329929560 -46 33 57.347594316           L0gamma 80 0
27 CD-52 381 PM* 01 52 14.6257090872 -52 19 33.184648704   11.836 10.953 10.42 9.825 K2V(e) 67 0
28 2MASS J01531463-6744181 BD* 01 53 14.63040 -67 44 18.1968           L3 12 0
29 2MASS J02022917+2305141 BD* 02 02 29.17704 +23 05 14.1000           L7 6 0
30 2MASS J02074284+0000564 BD* 02 07 42.84984 +00 00 56.4408           T4.5 46 0
31 2MASS J02103857-3015313 BD* 02 10 38.5707996456 -30 15 31.356264060           L0gamma 17 0
32 2MASS J02192210-3925225 ** 02 19 22.1103954432 -39 25 22.539937296   18.5   15.5 13.42 M6+L4 36 0
33 2MASS J02260907-1609591 BD* 02 26 09.07992 -16 09 59.1264           L7 5 0
34 PSO J039.6352-21.7746 BD* 02 38 32.3902231544 -21 46 27.131224132           L2.6 4 0
35 2MASS J02410564-5511466 BD* 02 41 05.6490390096 -55 11 46.645798848           L1 9 0
36 WISE J024124.73-365328.0 BD* 02 41 24.53588 -36 53 29.5813           T7 13 0
37 2MASS J02583123-1520536 BD* 02 58 31.23672 -15 20 53.6100           L3 4 0
38 SIPS J0316-2848 BD* 03 16 45.1427530944 -28 48 52.175989224         18.048 L1 22 0
39 2MASS J03264225-2102057 BD* 03 26 42.25704 -21 02 05.7732           L5 32 0
40 2MASSW J0335020+234235 LM* 03 35 02.0907239832 +23 42 35.413750692       17.67   M8.5V 70 0
41 2MASS J03420931-2904317 BD* 03 42 09.3991802377 -29 04 31.971413438           L4.0 8 0
42 2MASSI J0342162-681732 BD* 03 42 16.21248 -68 17 32.1072           L4 15 0
43 GD 50 WD* 03 48 50.1859724280 -00 58 32.290187664 12.596 13.787 14.063 14.210 14.388 DA1.2 272 1
44 2MASS J03552337+1133437 BD* 03 55 23.3735910810 +11 33 43.797034332           L5gamma 142 0
45 2MASS J04185879-4507413 BD* 04 18 58.79424 -45 07 41.3436           L3 8 0
46 Cl Melotte 25 OpC 04 30 27.4 +16 46 43           ~ 3309 0
47 2MASS J04371868-5509449 BD* 04 37 18.68376 -55 09 44.9928           L5 3 0
48 * 51 Eri PM* 04 37 36.1326090888 -02 28 24.775726260   5.486 5.209     F0IV 285 0
49 * 51 Eri b Pl 04 37 36.1326090888 -02 28 24.775726260           ~ 238 0
50 2MASS J04400972-5126544 BD* 04 40 09.7325304600 -51 26 54.489610860           L0: 6 0
51 NAME Taurus Complex SFR 04 41.0 +25 52           ~ 4971 0
52 2MASSI J0443376+000205 LM* 04 43 37.6085840376 +00 02 05.106068520     19.6   15.877 M9.0V 72 0
53 2MASS J04532647-1751543 BD* 04 53 26.4799420152 -17 51 54.320012532           L3 20 0
54 2MASS J04590034-2853396 BD* 04 59 00.34776 -28 53 39.6456           L7: 4 0
55 CWISE J050626.96+073842.4 BD* 05 06 26.94 +07 38 43.6           L8-T0gamma 8 0
56 2MASSI J0518461-275645 BD* 05 18 46.1651510160 -27 56 45.713630832           L1.0V 39 0
57 V* AF Lep RS* 05 27 04.7633281608 -11 54 03.466002240   6.832 6.295     F8V(n)k: 285 0
58 NAME AF Lep b Pl 05 27 04.7633281608 -11 54 03.466002240           ~ 75 0
59 2MASSI J0536199-192039 BD* 05 36 20.0168030088 -19 20 40.151155452           L2 26 0
60 * bet Pic PM* 05 47 17.0876901 -51 03 59.441135 4.13 4.03 3.86 3.74 3.58 A6V 2087 1
61 * bet Pic b Pl 05 47 17.0876901 -51 03 59.441135           ~ 627 1
62 * bet Pic c Pl 05 47 17.0876901 -51 03 59.441135           ~ 108 0
63 NAME Columba Association As* 06 04 19.4 -22 20 40           ~ 337 0
64 CD-35 2722B BD* 06 09 19.2082646634 -35 49 31.062882043           L0-1 71 0
65 HD 44627 Er* 06 19 12.9130449912 -58 03 15.527294208   10.01 9.205   8.185 K1V(e) 207 1
66 2MASS J06272007-1114241 BD* 06 27 20.07960 -11 14 24.1152           T6 16 0
67 NAME AB Dor Moving Group MGr 06 38 53.4 -42 50 04           ~ 540 0
68 2MASS J07235265-3309446 BD* 07 23 52.6588501320 -33 09 44.544579084           L5 7 0
69 ULAS J075829.83+222526.7 BD* 07 58 29.89628 +22 25 27.2424           T6.5 5 0
70 SDSS J081918.57+210311.2 BD* 08 19 18.60983 +21 03 12.1163           T6 8 0
71 2MASS J08195820-0335266 BD* 08 19 58.20648 -03 35 26.6460           T4 23 0
72 2MASS J09462782-4457408 LM* 09 46 27.8241184512 -44 57 40.859457300           ~ 9 0
73 2MASS J10134260-2759586 LM* 10 13 42.6047838984 -27 59 58.631506620           M5.0e 7 0
74 SIPS J1045-2607 LM* 10 45 17.1693295704 -26 07 25.122930204         15.89 M8e 15 0
75 HD 95086b Pl 10 57 03.0215719872 -68 40 02.449216128           ~ 127 1
76 NAME TW Hya Association As* 11 01.9 -34 42           ~ 1018 0
77 2MASS J11101001+0116130 BD* 11 10 10.01064 +01 16 13.0872           T5.5 86 0
78 HD 97334B BD* 11 12 25.6353966120 +35 48 12.742807176           L4.5+L6 95 0
79 PSO J168.1800-27.2264 BD* 11 12 43.25 -27 13 36.1           T2+T4 6 0
80 2MASS J11544223-3400390 BD* 11 54 42.2222072472 -34 00 39.078495144         17.90 L0 25 1
81 NAME Chamaeleon Region SFR 11 55 -78.0           ~ 887 0
82 NAME eps Cha Association OpC 11 59 51 -78 12.4           ~ 188 0
83 ULAS J120744.65+133902.7 BD* 12 07 44.65200 +13 39 02.6928           T6 7 0
84 HD 106906 * 12 17 53.1915103944 -55 58 31.893027240   8.95 8.89 8.46   F5V 179 0
85 NAME Lower Centaurus Crux As* 12 19 -57.1           ~ 565 1
86 2MASS J12574463-3635431 LM* 12 57 44.6410058232 -36 35 43.195672356           M6:: 7 0
87 ULAS J130217.21+130851.2 BD* 13 02 17.20680 +13 08 51.1332           T8.5 18 0
88 ULAS J131610.13+031205.5 BD* 13 16 10.042584 +03 12 05.49108           L8+T6 9 0
89 2MASS J13243553+6358281 BD* 13 24 35.53752 +63 58 28.1532           L8.0+T3.5 61 1
90 HD 116434C BD* 13 24 36.13 -51 30 16.7           L5-7 123 1
91 NAME TYC 8998-760-1 c Pl 13 25 12.1262905080 -64 56 20.688979668           ~ 30 0
92 NAME TYC 8998-760-1B LM* 13 25 12.33 -64 56 19.7           ~ 71 0
93 DENIS J132620.0-272936 BD* 13 26 20.09928 -27 29 37.0932           L5 25 0
94 CD-40 8434c Pl 14 08 10.1545500744 -41 23 52.573291080           ~ 240 0
95 2MASS J14252798-3650229 BD* 14 25 27.9845344257 -36 50 23.248617541           L4 61 1
96 NAME beta Pic Moving Group MGr 14 30 -42.0           ~ 894 0
97 DENIS J144137.2-094558 BD* 14 41 37.1567200536 -09 45 59.229849096       20.030 17.234 L1+L1 61 0
98 * b Cen ** 14 41 57.5905450998 -37 47 36.580200460 3.14 3.83 4.00 4.11 4.26 B2.5V 159 0
99 2MASS J15104786-2818174 LM* 15 10 47.8572999576 -28 18 17.519894532           M8e 29 0
100 2MASS J15210327+0131426 BD* 15 21 03.27096 +01 31 42.6900           T1+T4 30 0
101 NAME Upper Centaurus Lupus MGr 15 24 -41.9           ~ 567 1
102 ULAS J154701.84+005320.3 BD* 15 47 01.84176 +00 53 20.3820           T5.5 6 0
103 2MASS J15530228+1532369 BD* 15 53 02.28072 +15 32 36.9132           T6.5+T7.5 63 0
104 RX J1609.5-2105 Or* 16 09 30.3075290712 -21 04 58.943800992   14.21 12.77 12.25 10.99 M0.0e 103 0
105 NAME Upper Sco Association As* 16 12 -23.4           ~ 1586 1
106 NAME Upper Sco-Cen As* 16 15 -24.2           ~ 1497 1
107 NAME GSC 06214-00210B LM* 16 21 54.678 -20 43 11.33           ~ 102 0
108 2MASS J16241436+0029158 BD* 16 24 14.36712 +00 29 15.8172           T6V 162 0
109 ROXs 12B BD* 16 26 28.05 -25 26 46.0           L0 34 0
110 ROXs 42B TT* 16 31 15.0183260016 -24 32 43.715044896     14.27 13.03 11.72 M0 69 0
111 WISE J163645.56-074325.1 BD* 16 36 45.616824 -07 43 25.73076           T4.5 9 0
112 2MASS J17410280-4642218 BD* 17 41 02.80656 -46 42 21.8520           L5:gamma 30 0
113 V* PZ Tel BY* 18 53 05.8735056984 -50 10 49.897437168   9.22 8.342   7.464 G9IV 364 0
114 2MASS J19082195-1603249 * 19 08 21.9597374088 -16 03 24.828350688           M6 7 0
115 * eta Tel B LM* 19 22 51.3580284238 -54 25 31.569876496           M7.5V 78 0
116 2MASS J19355595-2846343 BD* 19 35 55.9633269408 -28 46 34.417024500           L0.0 22 0
117 SIPS J2000-7523 LM* 20 00 48.4144804656 -75 23 06.871799940     21.157 18.379 16.119 M9 31 0
118 2MASS J20135152-2806020 BD* 20 13 51.5316626112 -28 06 02.182212360           L0gamma 23 0
119 2MASS J20153059-4215419 BD* 20 15 30.59664 -42 15 41.9832           L7: 2 0
120 SIPS J2033-3733 LM* 20 33 46.7152632312 -37 33 44.443259100       15.64   M5.0 10 0
121 2MASS J20490268-7456124 BD* 20 49 02.68992 -74 56 12.4188           L7: 2 0
122 2MASS J21043128-0939217 BD* 21 04 31.2946875792 -09 39 21.823790976           L0.8 6 0
123 2MASS J21140802-2251358 BD* 21 14 08.02560 -22 51 35.8380           L7.5 126 0
124 2MASS J21171431-2940034 BD* 21 17 14.31216 -29 40 03.4176           T0: 15 0
125 2MASS J21324036+1029494 BD* 21 32 40.36104 +10 29 49.4808           L5.5 14 0
126 CFBDS J213926+022023 BD* 21 39 26.76936 +02 20 22.6968           L8.5+T3.5 108 0
127 2MASS J21543454-1055308 BD* 21 54 34.54272 -10 55 30.8424           L5 22 0
128 2MASS J21544859-7459134 LM* 21 54 48.6228144264 -74 59 13.549690788           M9.5: 10 0
129 2MASS J21572060+8340575 BD* 21 57 20.6924341632 +83 40 57.579273588           L0 9 0
130 2MASSW J2206450-421721 BD* 22 06 45.0009530760 -42 17 21.139647720       21.485 19.034 L2V 40 1
131 2MASSW J2208136+292121 BD* 22 08 13.63056 +29 21 21.5352           L3gamma 62 0
132 2MASS J22134491-2136079 BD* 22 13 44.9168962584 -21 36 08.229763260           L0gamma 32 0
133 2MASS J22334687-2950101 LM* 22 33 46.8879336816 -29 50 10.224670452           M7 7 0
134 2MASS J22351658-3844154 BD* 22 35 16.5859080768 -38 44 15.434825892           L1.5 9 0
135 2MASS J22353560-5906306 LM* 22 35 35.6106288528 -59 06 30.604392504           M8.5 11 0
136 2MASS J22361685+5105487 BD* 22 36 16.85640 +51 05 48.7212           T5 19 0
137 PM J22364+4751 PM* 22 36 24.5258223768 +47 51 42.530986512     12.8 12.046   ~ 24 0
138 2MASS J22443167+2043433 BD* 22 44 31.67376 +20 43 43.3020           L6-L8gamma 114 0
139 [SLS2012] PYC J22502+2325 PM* 22 50 15.1389386688 +23 25 34.255229232     14.9     ~ 9 0
140 2MASS J22533287-2539475 BD* 22 53 32.87136 -25 39 47.5488           L5 2 0
141 WISE J225540.75-311842.0 BD* 22 55 40.48938 -31 18 40.3707           T8 17 0
142 HD 218396c Pl 23 07 28.7157209544 +21 08 03.310767492           ~ 312 1
143 HD 218396d Pl 23 07 28.7157209544 +21 08 03.310767492           ~ 286 1
144 HD 218396b Pl 23 07 28.7157209544 +21 08 03.310767492           ~ 323 1
145 HD 218396e Pl 23 07 28.7157209544 +21 08 03.310767492           ~ 255 1
146 HD 218396 El* 23 07 28.7157209544 +21 08 03.310767492   6.21 5.953     F0+VkA5mA5 1285 0
147 2MASS J23225299-6151275 BD* 23 22 53.0081802408 -61 51 27.526074804           L2gamma 30 0
148 CFBDS J232304-015232 BD* 23 23 04.515672 -01 52 33.78792           T6.0 7 0
149 2MASS J23231347-0244360 LM* 23 23 13.4846342904 -02 44 36.015313920       18.642 16.249 M8.0V 12 1
150 SIPS J2335-3401 LM* 23 35 50.1679810056 -34 01 47.779144284           M6: 14 0
151 SIPS J2336-3541 LM* 23 36 07.3424182272 -35 41 48.955003764           M9 10 0
152 * kap And B BD* 23 40 24.58 +44 20 02.8           L1 97 0
153 2MASS J23433470-3646021 BD* 23 43 34.70640 -36 46 02.1972           L3-L6 11 0
154 2MASS J23512200+3010540 BD* 23 51 22.00512 +30 10 54.0012           L6.5 24 0
155 RX J2351.5+3127 PM* 23 51 33.6738769584 +31 27 23.022676908     13.602 13.105   M2.0V 43 0
156 2MASS J23542220-0811289 BD* 23 54 22.20912 -08 11 28.9212           L5 7 0
157 NAME Carina-near Moving Group MGr ~ ~           ~ 118 0
158 NAME Carina Moving Group MGr ~ ~           ~ 66 0
159 NAME Argus Association As* ~ ~           ~ 266 0

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