2024A&A...684A.127A

Query : 2024A&A...684A.127A

2024A&A...684A.127A - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 684A127 (2024/4-1)

First characterization of the emission behavior of Mrk 421 from radio to very high-energy gamma rays with simultaneous X-ray polarization measurements.

ABE S., ABHIR J., ACCIARI V.A., AGUDO I., ANIELLO T., ANSOLDI S., ANTONELLI L.A., ARBET-ENGELS A., ARCARO C., ARTERO M., ASANO K., BABIC A., BAQUERO A., BARRES DE ALMEIDA U., BARRIO J.A., BATKOVIC I., BAXTER J., BECERRA GONZALEZ J., BEDNAREK W., BERNARDINI E., BERNETE J., BERTI A., BESENRIEDER J., BIGONGIARI C., BILAND A., BLANCH O., BONNOLI G., BOSNJAK Z., BURELLI I., BUSETTO G., CAMPOY-ORDAZ A., CAROSI A., CAROSI R., CARRETERO-CASTRILLO M., CASTRO-TIRADO A.J., CERIBELLA G., CHAI Y., CIFUENTES A., CIKOTA S., COLOMBO E., CONTRERAS J.L., CORTINA J., COVINO S., D'AMMANDO F., D'AMICO G., D'ELIA V., DA VELA P., DAZZI F., DE ANGELIS A., DE LOTTO B., DE MENEZES R., DEL POPOLO A., DELGADO J., DELGADO MENDEZ C., DI PIERRO F., DI VENERE L., DOMINIS PRESTER D., DONINI A., DORNER D., DORO M., ELSAESSER D., EMERY G., ESCUDERO J., FARINA L., FATTORINI A., FOFFANO L., FONT L., FROSE S., FUKAMI S., FUKAZAWA Y., GARCIA LOPEZ R.J., GARCZARCZYK M., GASPARYAN S., GAUG M., GIESBRECHT PAIVA J.G., GIGLIETTO N., GIORDANO F., GLIWNY P., GODINOVIC N., GRADETZKE T., GRAU R., GREEN D., GREEN J.G., GUNTHER P., HADASCH D., HAHN A., HASSAN T., HECKMANN L., HERRERA J., HRUPEC D., HUTTEN M., IMAZAWA R., INADA T., ISHIO K., JIMENEZ MARTINEZ I., JORMANAINEN J., KERSZBERG D., KLUGE G.W., KOBAYASHI Y., KOUCH P.M., KUBO H., KUSHIDA J., LAINEZ LEZAUN M., LAMASTRA A., LEONE F., LINDFORS E., LINHOFF L., LOMBARDI S., LONGO F., LOPEZ-COTO R., LOPEZ-MOYA M., LOPEZ-ORAMAS A., LOPORCHIO S., LORINI A., MACHADO DE OLIVEIRA FRAGA B., MAJUMDAR P., MAKARIEV M., MANEVA G., MANG N., MANGANARO M., MANGANO S., MANNHEIM K., MARIOTTI M., MARTINEZ M., MARTINEZ-CHICHARRO M., MAS-AGUILAR A., MAZIN D., MENCHIARI S., MENDER S., MICELI D., MIENER T., MIRANDA J.M., MIRZOYAN R., MOLERO GONZALEZ M., MOLINA E., MONDAL H.A., MORALEJO A., MORCUENDE D., NAKAMORI T., NANCI C., NAVA L., NEUSTROEV V., NICKEL L., NIEVAS ROSILLO M., NIGRO C., NIKOLIC L., NILSSON K., NISHIJIMA K., NJOH EKOUME T., NODA K., NOZAKI S., OHTANI Y., OKUMURA A., OTERO-SANTOS J., PAIANO S., PALATIELLO M., PANEQUE D., PAOLETTI R., PAREDES J.M., PAVLOVIC D., PERESANO M., PERSIC M., PIHET M., PIROLA G., PODOBNIK F., PRADA MORONI P.G., PRANDINI E., PRINCIPE G., PRIYADARSHI C., RHODE W., RIBO M., RICO J., RIGHI C., SAHAKYAN N., SAITO T., SATALECKA K., SATURNI F.G., SCHLEICHER B., SCHMIDT K., SCHMUCKERMAIER F., SCHUBERT J.L., SCHWEIZER T., SCIACCALUGA A., SITAREK J., SLIUSAR V., SOBCZYNSKA D., STAMERRA A., STRISKOVIC J., STROM D., STRZYS M., SUDA Y., SUUTARINEN S., TAJIMA H., TAKAHASHI M., TAKEISHI R., TAVECCHIO F., TEMNIKOV P., TERAUCHI K., TERZIC T., TESHIMA M., TOSTI L., TRUZZI S., TUTONE A., UBACH S., VAN SCHERPENBERG J., VAZQUEZ ACOSTA M., VENTURA S., VIALE I., VIGORITO C.F., VITALE V., VOVK I., WALTER R., WILL M., WUNDERLICH C., YAMAMOTO T., LIODAKIS I., JORSTAD S.G., DI GESU L., DONNARUMMA I., KIM D.E., MARSCHER A.P., MIDDEI R., PERRI M., PUCCETTI S., VERRECCHIA F., LETO C., DE LA CALLE PEREZ I., JIMENEZ-BAILON E., BLINOV D., BOURBAH I.G., KIEHLMANN S., KONTOPODIS E., MANDARAKAS N., SKALIDIS R., VERVELAKI A., ACEITUNO F.J., AGIS-GONZALEZ B., SOTA A., SASADA M., FUKAZAWA Y., KAWABATA K.S., UEMURA M., MIZUNO T., AKITAYA H., CASADIO C., MYSERLIS I., SIEVERS A., LAHTEENMAKI A., SYRJARINNE I., TORNIKOSKI M., SALOME Q., GURWELL M., KEATING G.K. and RAO R.

Abstract (from CDS):

Aims. We have performed the first broadband study of Mrk 421 from radio to TeV gamma rays with simultaneous measurements of the X-ray polarization from IXPE.
Methods. The data were collected as part of an extensive multiwavelength campaign carried out between May and June 2022 using MAGIC, Fermi-LAT, NuSTAR, XMM-Newton, Swift, and several optical and radio telescopes to complement IXPE data.
Results. During the IXPE exposures, the measured 0.2-1 TeV flux was close to the quiescent state and ranged from 25% to 50% of the Crab Nebula without intra-night variability. Throughout the campaign, the very high-energy (VHE) and X-ray emission are positively correlated at a 4σ significance level. The IXPE measurements reveal an X-ray polarization degree that is a factor of 2-5 higher than in the optical/radio bands; that implies an energy-stratified jet in which the VHE photons are emitted co-spatially with the X-rays, in the vicinity of a shock front. The June 2022 observations exhibit a rotation of the X-ray polarization angle. Despite no simultaneous VHE coverage being available during a large fraction of the swing, the Swift-XRT monitoring reveals an X-ray flux increase with a clear spectral hardening. This suggests that flares in high synchrotron peaked blazars can be accompanied by a polarization angle rotation, as observed in some flat spectrum radio quasars. Finally, during the polarization angle rotation, NuSTAR data reveal two contiguous spectral hysteresis loops in opposite directions (clockwise and counterclockwise), implying important changes in the particle acceleration efficiency on approximately hour timescales.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2024

Journal keyword(s): radiation mechanisms: non-thermal - galaxies: active - BL Lacertae objects: individual: mrk421 - gamma rays: general - X-rays: galaxies

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/684/A127): fig1.dat fig2.dat fig5.dat fig7_8.dat>

Simbad objects: 10

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Number of rows : 10
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 1275 Bla 03 19 48.1599902040 +41 30 42.108850836   13.10 12.48 11.09   ~ 4243 3
2 M 1 SNR 05 34 31.8 +22 01 03           ~ 6516 1
3 Z 184-50 BLL 11 04 27.3140835504 +38 12 31.798495872   13.50 12.90 8.31   ~ 2841 1
4 * 51 UMa PM* 11 04 31.2283728072 +38 14 28.900070520   6.18 6.02 7.39 5.86 A3Vp 83 0
5 M 87 AGN 12 30 49.42338414 +12 23 28.0436859 10.16 9.59 8.63   7.49 ~ 7815 3
6 3C 286 Sy1 13 31 08.2883506368 +30 30 32.960091564   17.51 17.25     ~ 4558 2
7 Z 225-7 BLL 16 53 52.21668403 +39 45 36.6088754 14.09 14.15 13.29 8.26   ~ 2304 2
8 EM* MWC 349A Or* 20 32 45.5291969760 +40 39 36.651807828           ~ 180 0
9 DR 21 SFR 20 39 01.6 +42 19 38           O4.5 1121 0
10 NGC 7027 PN 21 07 01.571952 +42 14 10.47120   10.358 8.831 10.157   ~ 2541 1

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