2024A&A...684A.205X

Query : 2024A&A...684A.205X

2024A&A...684A.205X - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 684A205 (2024/4-1)

Where do they come from? Identification of escaped globular cluster stars.

XU C., TANG B., LI C., FERNANDEZ-TRINCADO J.G., ZHONG J., WANG L., TIAN H. and HUANG Y.

Abstract (from CDS):

Globular clusters (GCs), as old as our Galaxy, constantly lose their members to the field as they cross through the Milky Way (MW). These escaped GC stars (or escapees) are thought to contribute significantly to the MW halo. If a star left the host GC a long time ago, chemical finger prints (e.g., N enrichment) may reveal its origin. In this work we aim to establish dynamical connections between N-rich field stars recently identified by LAMOST and the existing MW GCs. By constructing the full action distribution in combination with metallicity, we found 29 potential GC progenitors for 15 N-rich field stars. In particular, some of them may be related to MW accretion events. On the other hand, if a star has recently left its host GC via tidal evaporation, it still maintains the kinematic properties of the cluster. Here we identify extra-tidal candidates based on their spatial locations, proper motions (PMs), and their positions on color-magnitude diagrams (CMDs). We successfully identified more than 1600 extra-tidal candidates in the vicinity of six Gaia-Enceladus (GE)-related GCs: NGC 1851, NGC 1904, NGC 6205, NGC 6341, NGC 6779, NGC 7089. The density map of the extra-tidal candidates is confirmed to be an efficient way to find extra-tidal structures. The two possible density peaks at opposite sides of the inner boundary is a good indicator for a long stellar stream. Among 95 extra-tidal candidates with spectroscopic radial velocities and metallicity, 54 of them are confirmed to be GC escaped stars as they share similar properties to host GCs. These extra-tidal candidates are ideal targets for follow-up spectroscopic observation as it greatly improves the scientific outcome. Once a statistically significant number of spectroscopic radial velocities and metallicities are available, the GC dynamical evolution (e.g., mass loss, rotation) can be carefully investigated.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2024

Journal keyword(s): stars: chemically peculiar - stars: evolution - globular clusters: general - Galaxy: kinematics and dynamics

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/684/A205): table4.dat>

Simbad objects: 101

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Number of rows : 101
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 288 GlC 00 52 45.24 -26 34 57.4   10 8.13     ~ 1130 0
2 LAMOST J013052.59-003420.4 Pe* 01 30 52.5922370170 -00 34 20.383471179           ~ 2 0
3 UCAC4 250-006108 RG* 05 13 38.6855103696 -40 07 39.614945268   15.628 14.316 14.127   ~ 14 0
4 UCAC4 251-006053 RG* 05 13 53.5735187118 -39 55 17.980586022   15.477 14.024 13.750   ~ 6 0
5 NGC 1851 GlC 05 14 06.76 -40 02 47.6           ~ 1529 0
6 2MASS J05141446-3956211 RG* 05 14 14.4780298752 -39 56 21.270737436   17.626 16.853     ~ 7 0
7 UCAC4 251-006089 Pe* 05 14 26.2427823491 -39 48 32.996890490   15.950 14.752 14.573   ~ 5 0
8 2MASS J05144220-3956592 RG* 05 14 42.2049577704 -39 56 59.316586296   16.687 16.144     ~ 8 0
9 M 79 GlC 05 24 10.59 -24 31 27.3     8.16     ~ 883 0
10 NGC 2419 GlC 07 38 08.51 +38 52 54.9     10.05     ~ 998 0
11 LAMOST J082932.86+422920.5 Pe* 08 29 32.8671170558 +42 29 20.514932676           ~ 2 0
12 LAMOST J084735.41+394934.1 Pe* 08 47 35.4161607158 +39 49 34.162220395           ~ 3 0
13 NGC 2808 GlC 09 12 03.10 -64 51 48.6           ~ 1540 0
14 NGC 4147 GlC 12 10 06.149 +18 32 31.78   11.45 10.74     ~ 616 0
15 LAMOST J122858.45+100937.7 Pe* 12 28 58.4529179505 +10 09 37.735562375           ~ 3 0
16 LAMOST J123214.17+465657.4 Pe* 12 32 14.1817967844 +46 56 57.476804909           ~ 3 0
17 UCAC4 412-054444 Pe* 13 00 22.5727170984 -07 38 12.330697524   13.650 12.814 12.701 11.911 ~ 9 0
18 2MASS J13103745-0658462 Pe* 13 10 37.4476282464 -06 58 46.381315980           ~ 3 0
19 NGC 5139 GlC 13 26 47.28 -47 28 46.1           ~ 3677 0
20 M 3 GlC 13 42 11.62 +28 22 38.2     6.39     ~ 2593 0
21 Cl Pal 5 GlC 15 16 05.30 -00 06 41.0   15.1       ~ 797 1
22 NGC 5897 GlC 15 17 24.40 -21 00 36.4   10.16 8.52     ~ 424 0
23 M 5 GlC 15 18 33.22 +02 04 51.7     5.95     ~ 2095 0
24 NGC 5946 GlC 15 35 28.58 -50 39 35.0           ~ 210 0
25 LAMOST J154517.77+111109.4 Pe* 15 45 17.7842963413 +11 11 09.355153576           ~ 2 0
26 LAMOST J161329.22+122037.6 Pe* 16 13 29.2213676675 +12 20 37.647761983           ~ 2 0
27 LAMOST J161922.61+093125.3 Pe* 16 19 22.6153109596 +09 31 25.306391668           ~ 3 0
28 M 4 GlC 16 23 35.22 -26 31 32.7           ~ 1978 0
29 SDSS J163622.43+372401.0 HB* 16 36 22.4354814600 +37 24 01.008102528           A0 4 0
30 Gaia DR3 1328071954566404736 Pe* 16 40 12.1814832640 +36 12 49.625667867           ~ 1 0
31 SDSS J164021.42+364250.7 Pe* 16 40 21.4239982056 +36 42 50.758201404           F2 2 0
32 SDSS J164023.82+364729.5 Pe* 16 40 23.8344468696 +36 47 29.612788116           F5 2 0
33 SDSS J164024.60+364232.0 Pe* 16 40 24.6023437800 +36 42 32.112315360           F5 4 0
34 Gaia DR3 1328136688314520960 Pe* 16 40 41.1611222542 +36 58 50.425810451           ~ 1 0
35 Gaia DR3 1328126002435827840 Pe* 16 40 49.4594425091 +36 49 07.009773276           ~ 1 0
36 SDSS J164112.23+364810.0 Pe* 16 41 12.2333508528 +36 48 10.119965436           A0 4 0
37 M 13 GlC 16 41 41.634 +36 27 40.75     5.8     ~ 2291 0
38 SDSS J164143.32+364922.4 Pe* 16 41 43.3261881336 +36 49 22.494785016           A0 4 0
39 SDSS J164233.32+364746.0 Pe* 16 42 33.3191186592 +36 47 46.088698812           F5 4 0
40 SDSS J164318.60+363647.4 HB? 16 43 18.6014670192 +36 36 47.384913600           F2 2 0
41 Gaia DR3 1327315426141900672 Pe* 16 46 25.5627507594 +36 00 37.721347080           ~ 1 0
42 LAMOST J164951.45+341058.1 Pe* 16 49 51.4529413803 +34 10 58.161320018           ~ 2 0
43 NGC 6235 GlC 16 53 25.36 -22 10 38.8   11.99 7.20     ~ 208 0
44 2MASS J16554663+2139210 Pe* 16 55 46.6289383656 +21 39 21.028662036           ~ 3 0
45 NGC 6284 GlC 17 04 28.747 -24 45 51.22   10.72 7.43     ~ 302 0
46 GALEX J171239.6+423727 HS? 17 12 39.6077054136 +42 37 28.406770896           ~ 3 0
47 SDSS J171243.37+430248.0 Pe* 17 12 43.3811639424 +43 02 48.058001592           F5 2 0
48 SDSS J171403.09+431719.8 Pe* 17 14 03.0970447848 +43 17 19.859591724           F5 2 0
49 Gaia DR3 1360454118192779776 * 17 15 21.4949127439 +43 27 38.931193282           ~ 1 0
50 Gaia DR3 1360396222033324032 * 17 15 34.2473909157 +43 06 37.461149459           ~ 1 0
51 SDSS J171538.99+425701.9 Pe* 17 15 38.9935523280 +42 57 01.944216720           F5 2 0
52 Gaia DR3 1360399898525361024 * 17 15 39.0037169259 +43 10 19.211806273           ~ 1 0
53 2MASS J17154404+4315135 Pe* 17 15 44.0479996512 +43 15 13.310046216           F2 6 0
54 Gaia DR3 1360395706636272384 * 17 15 49.3709296722 +43 06 01.861905898           ~ 1 0
55 Gaia DR3 1360454358710919040 * 17 15 50.9842864821 +43 25 51.151854850           ~ 1 0
56 Gaia DR3 1360186009153430144 Pe* 17 16 15.5987148738 +42 48 07.108497463           ~ 1 0
57 Gaia DR3 1360191781589539072 * 17 16 29.9211576380 +42 55 14.732904476           ~ 1 0
58 2MASS J17163577+4256392 RG* 17 16 35.7713747496 +42 56 39.361666848           ~ 14 0
59 Gaia DR3 1360427420676038144 * 17 16 54.9142342300 +43 25 53.324552986           ~ 1 0
60 M 92 GlC 17 17 07.39 +43 08 09.4     6.52     ~ 2240 0
61 2MASS J17171071+4254020 Pe* 17 17 10.7286126528 +42 54 02.303660016           ~ 3 0
62 2MASS J17171174+4255054 Pe* 17 17 11.7337510488 +42 55 05.108414376           F5 4 0
63 Cl* NGC 6341 SAN 17 HS? 17 17 29.1323333040 +42 49 57.192137544   15.5       ~ 6 0
64 SDSS J171740.59+431951.2 * 17 17 40.5976198512 +43 19 51.162462588           B6 2 0
65 Gaia DR3 1360212603591009664 * 17 17 51.3938584646 +42 57 42.441696758           ~ 1 0
66 NGC 6325 GlC 17 17 59.27 -23 45 57.7           ~ 190 0
67 SDSS J171759.31+432032.6 Pe* 17 17 59.3210859912 +43 20 32.589435876           A0 2 0
68 Gaia DR3 1360418074825605888 * 17 18 05.1940960054 +43 22 48.999640050           ~ 1 0
69 SDSS J171813.45+431657.8 Pe* 17 18 13.4634656928 +43 16 57.830333844           A0 2 0
70 Gaia DR3 1360144021554095744 * 17 18 16.7296147558 +42 39 06.314066647           ~ 1 0
71 SDSS J171818.52+431156.2 Pe* 17 18 18.5275053864 +43 11 56.178069648           F5 3 0
72 Gaia DR3 1360206968594956032 Pe* 17 18 25.7289158798 +42 59 02.651492288           ~ 1 0
73 SDSS J171826.98+425028.3 Pe* 17 18 26.9913924480 +42 50 28.356832068           A0 2 0
74 SDSS J171844.31+430528.1 Pe* 17 18 44.3187970416 +43 05 28.083215076           F5 2 0
75 NGC 6355 GlC 17 23 58.65 -26 21 12.3   12.46 11.05     ~ 183 0
76 NGC 6352 GlC 17 25 29.11 -48 25 19.8           ~ 425 0
77 LAMOST J172723.45+182710.0 Pe* 17 27 23.4519905383 +18 27 10.138351496           ~ 3 0
78 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
79 NGC 6544 GlC 18 07 20.58 -24 59 50.4   11.36 9.90     ~ 332 0
80 LAMOST J180915.02+184101.0 Pe* 18 09 15.0187242023 +18 41 01.070512306           ~ 2 0
81 NGC 6584 GlC 18 18 37.60 -52 12 56.8     8.17     ~ 317 0
82 LAMOST J183201.88+355003.5 Pe* 18 32 01.8797928342 +35 50 03.594705616           ~ 2 0
83 NGC 6652 GlC 18 35 45.63 -32 59 26.6           ~ 474 0
84 NGC 6712 GlC 18 53 04.32 -08 42 21.5           ~ 550 0
85 M 54 GlC 18 55 03.33 -30 28 47.5           ~ 1164 0
86 UCAC4 672-068291 RG* 19 00 44.2044598512 +44 21 08.255801772   14.143 13.030 12.796   ~ 25 0
87 M 56 GlC 19 16 35.57 +30 11 00.5           ~ 455 0
88 M 55 GlC 19 39 59.71 -30 57 53.1     6.49     ~ 913 0
89 Cl Terzan 8 GlC 19 41 44.41 -33 59 58.1     11.54     ~ 357 0
90 GCl 114 GlC 19 45 14.40 -08 00 26.0     7.54     ~ 165 0
91 Gaia DR3 2686795819414993792 * 21 32 08.2113616347 -00 54 50.807008293           ~ 1 0
92 SDSS J213224.27-004135.0 Pe* 21 32 24.2740120800 -00 41 35.037868416           A0 4 0
93 PHL 4576 HB* 21 32 41.8058350824 -00 42 46.717158492   16.2       A0 7 0
94 M 2 GlC 21 33 27.02 -00 49 23.7     6.25     ~ 1114 1
95 SDSS J213345.83-003732.0 Pe* 21 33 45.8285828064 -00 37 32.008771380           A0 4 0
96 2MASS J21340287-0030049 RG* 21 34 02.8723005480 -00 30 04.921166592           G0 5 0
97 SDSS J213410.70-011004.5 Pe* 21 34 10.6956456408 -01 10 04.541805588           A0 2 0
98 SDSS J213415.75-005426.2 Pe* 21 34 15.7514813376 -00 54 26.283220344           A0 3 0
99 GALEX J213528.6-004537 WD* 21 35 28.6878715344 -00 45 38.009892564           DABZ 9 0
100 Gaia DR3 2686871720073157504 * 21 35 51.9699742688 -00 29 37.787149707           ~ 1 0
101 NAME Gaia Enceladus-Sausage St* ~ ~           ~ 860 0

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