2024A&A...691A.333E

Query : 2024A&A...691A.333E

2024A&A...691A.333E - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 691A333 (2024/11-1)

Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus star formation history as revealed by detailed elemental abundances An archival study using SAGA data.

ERNANDES H., FEUILLET D., FELTZING S. and SKULADOTTIR A.

Abstract (from CDS):

Context. The Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus merger was a major event in the history of the Milky Way. Debris from this merger has been extensively studied with full kinematic data from the Gaia mission. Understanding the star formation history of the progenitor galaxy aids in our understanding of the evolution of the Milky Way and galaxy formation in general.
Aims. We aimed to constrain the star formation history of the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus progenitor galaxy using elemental abundances of member stars. Previous studies on Milky Way satellite dwarf galaxies show that key elemental abundance patterns, which probe different nucleosynthetic channels, reflect the host galaxy's star formation history.
Methods. We gathered Mg, Fe, Ba, and Eu abundance measurements for Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus stars from the SAGA database. Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus members were selected kinematically. Inspired by previous studies, we used [Fe/Mg], [Ba/Mg], [Eu/Mg], and [Eu/Ba], as a function of [Fe/H] to constrain the star formation history of Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus. We used the known star formation histories and elemental abundance patterns of the Sculptor and Fornax dwarf spheroidal galaxies as a comparison.
Results. The elemental abundance ratios of [Fe/Mg], [Ba/Mg], [Eu/Mg], and [Eu/Ba] all increase with [Fe/H] in Gaia-Sausage- Enceladus. The [Eu/Mg] begins to increase at [Fe/H] ∼ -2.0 and continues steadily, contrasting with the trend observed in the Sculptor dSph galaxy. The [Eu/Ba] increases and remains high across the [Fe/H] range, unlike the pattern seen in the Sculptor dSph galaxy, and deviates from the Fornax dSph galaxy at high [Fe/H]. The [Ba/Mg] is higher than those of the Sculptor dSph galaxy at the lowest [Fe/H] and gradually increases, similar to the Fornax dSph galaxy. We constrained three main properties of the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus star formation history: (1) star formation started gradually, (2) it extended for over 2 Gyr, and (3) it was quenched around [Fe/H] of -0.5, likely when it fell into the Milky Way.
Conclusions. We show that the elemental abundance ratios [Fe/Mg], [Ba/Mg], [Eu/Mg], and [Eu/Ba] can be used to trace the star formation history of a disrupted galaxy when these measurements are available over an [Fe/H] range that is representative of the progenitor galaxy's stellar population.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2024

Journal keyword(s): nuclear reactions, nucleosynthesis, abundances - stars: abundances - galaxies: evolution - galaxies: individual: Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/691/A333): table1.dat>

Simbad objects: 76

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Number of rows : 76
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 HD 224959 SB* 00 02 08.0214788256 -02 49 12.232785144   10.6 9.6     CEMP-rs 104 0
2 HD 20 Pe* 00 05 15.3242691048 -27 16 18.140091852   9.65 9.40 8.865 8.377 F2V 80 0
3 UCAC2 791523 Pe* 00 45 39.3333667344 -74 57 29.521337112   12.587 11.685 11.62 10.75 CEMP 13 0
4 NAME Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy G 01 00 09.4 -33 42 32   9.79 8.6 8.81   ~ 1498 4
5 BD-18 271 Pe* 01 37 18.8808986376 -17 29 03.907703472   10.93 9.77     KIIvw 70 0
6 UCAC2 26591587 Pe* 01 56 56.3425566720 -14 02 10.718698632   13.147 12.193 12.12 11.15 ~ 11 0
7 G 159-33 PM* 02 03 50.9800794696 -00 32 21.031325808   10.6 10.78     ~ 32 0
8 BD-17 484 PM* 02 31 25.7656327453 -16 59 05.044365275   10.890 10.470 10.159 9.871 F0Vwl 74 0
9 MCG-06-07-001 G 02 39 59.3 -34 26 57   9.02 7.4     ~ 1894 1
10 TYC 5866-150-1 Pe* 02 41 21.5371405608 -18 25 37.731470988   12.939 11.736     ~ 10 0
11 BD-10 548 PM* 02 46 55.7673781248 -10 07 35.112780804   11.162 10.411     Gwl: 56 0
12 2MASS J03084611-4747083 Pe* 03 08 46.1084159376 -47 47 08.234387736           ~ 3 0
13 UCAC2 30631766 Pe* 04 06 18.2370188352 -03 05 24.759100068   13.139 12.171 12.09 11.16 CEMP 13 0
14 BD+06 648 Pe* 04 13 13.1126763288 +06 36 01.768985496   10.27 9.09 8.58   K0 117 0
15 HE 0440-3426 Pe* 04 42 08.1758822400 -34 21 13.869730368   12.88 11.44     CEMP-s 14 0
16 HE 0507-1653 SB* 05 09 16.5603215496 -16 50 04.688981556   13.633 12.507 12.002 11.579 CEMP-s 26 0
17 TYC 5343-1404-1 * 05 17 27.4036558680 -13 42 34.849580220   12.944 12.146     ~ 8 0
18 TYC 7055-362-1 Pe* 05 25 47.2497987744 -30 49 10.126221780   12.287 11.704 11.13 10.915 ~ 16 0
19 CD-37 2255 PM* 05 31 48.3313838448 -36 59 51.587534976   11.42 10.65     ~ 12 0
20 BD+58 876 ** 05 57 28.5835812552 +58 40 48.672748704       10.2   F8 38 0
21 HD 250792 Pe* 06 03 14.8636143602 +19 21 38.696218609 9.89 9.898 9.310 8.954 8.547 G1 177 0
22 HD 45282 Pe* 06 26 40.7720940072 +03 25 29.792391024 8.71 8.69 8.03     Gwl 164 0
23 CD-48 2445 PM* 06 41 26.6601460416 -48 13 14.894690484   10.94 10.54     F8 35 0
24 G 192-43 PM* 06 47 44.9352596626 +58 38 34.532968179   10.75   10.1   F2 74 0
25 CD-57 1633 HV* 07 06 28.9516977109 -57 27 29.118927115   10.04 9.54     F7V 114 0
26 G 88-23 PM* 07 23 17.5718823024 +19 00 56.590285896   12.485 12.000 11.685 11.357 ~ 28 0
27 CD-45 3283 PM* 07 34 18.5993129322 -45 16 42.883606401   11.08 10.43     G8V-VI 88 0
28 TYC 8138-1523-1 Pe* 07 48 24.3318260568 -48 31 40.559171376   12.008 11.287     ~ 10 0
29 HD 64090 Pe* 07 53 33.1208795337 +30 36 18.256204963 8.75 8.86 8.25 7.70 7.30 K0:V_Fe-3 374 0
30 SMSS J080050.54-724620.6 Pe* 08 00 50.5223984448 -72 46 20.553200760           ~ 3 0
31 G 47-12 PM* 08 57 59.2546963872 +24 28 22.529303813   12.52   11.9   ~ 48 0
32 BD-03 2764 PM* 09 45 37.8300847800 -04 40 28.499674008   11.333 10.849 10.499 10.175 ~ 46 0
33 UCAC2 29643619 * 09 46 34.8424612416 -06 26 53.263531392   13.451 12.333 12.06 11.15 ~ 10 0
34 HD 84937 Pe* 09 48 56.0992891997 +13 44 39.326709913 8.49 8.68 8.32 7.97 7.70 F8Vm-5 831 0
35 BPS BS 16474-0093 Pe* 10 44 21.9659748480 +37 13 19.595772624   13.19 12.6 12.54   ~ 8 0
36 HD 101063 PM* 11 37 40.4028065084 -28 51 04.858747344   10.21 9.45     K5/M0III 78 0
37 BD+26 2251 PM* 11 44 35.7049511770 +25 32 11.689104807   10.82   9.9   F6 102 0
38 BD+51 1696 Pe* 11 46 35.1556060454 +50 52 54.680145444 10.32 10.47   9.5   sdG0 172 0
39 BSD 56-46 Pe* 11 55 16.5604325976 +28 21 00.735046848   12.48 12.32 11.659 11.296 CEMP-s 16 0
40 V* KR Vir LP* 12 41 03.6204364704 -00 37 13.819995732 12.628 10.962 9.370 8.538 7.779 KIIvw 74 0
41 HD 111980 SB* 12 53 15.0529661499 -18 31 20.013189741 8.80 8.91 8.38     F7V 185 0
42 RAVE J130200.0-084328 Pe* 13 01 59.9615903376 -08 43 28.783996932   12.978 11.884 11.677   CEMP 12 0
43 HE 1305+0007 Pe* 13 08 03.8464604328 -00 08 47.502965400   13.98 12.223 11.541 11.071 CEMP-s 36 0
44 G 14-39 PM* 13 14 26.8899525277 -04 05 43.476538803   13.713 12.807 12.263 11.738 K3 44 0
45 TYC 6708-260-1 Pe* 13 16 48.2344641360 -27 43 35.082242688   12.300 11.473     ~ 9 0
46 TYC 6712-1166-1 PM* 13 18 42.7399734144 -28 50 31.144653312   12.45 11.71     ~ 4 0
47 BD+34 2476 PM* 13 59 09.4837849799 +33 51 39.379962282 10.25 10.44   9.7   sdF5 167 0
48 MGC 55215 * 14 04 37.6319742432 +00 11 11.687855964   14.15       ~ 5 0
49 HD 126238 Pe* 14 25 29.9571431040 -43 38 36.948515460   8.44 7.7 7.44   G3/8wF0/2 119 0
50 LP 859-35 PM* 15 19 35.6717451697 -24 31 04.086873046   12.307 11.623     ~ 16 0
51 LP 443-65 PM* 15 49 22.8354865968 +14 38 27.418143264   12.83   12.6   ~ 14 0
52 UCAC2 29852445 * 16 12 28.3466731272 -05 41 42.043968852   13.438 12.150 12.10 10.69 ~ 8 0
53 BD+09 3223 HB* 16 33 35.5815849384 +09 06 16.307942544   9.85 9.27     ~ 83 0
54 2MASS J16510881+5712277 Pe* 16 51 08.8035670560 +57 12 27.769041180   14.80 14.4 13.986 13.672 CEMP-s 20 0
55 UCAC4 193-172653 Pe* 17 27 38.8666694112 -51 33 29.827278144   13.44 12.60 12.37   ~ 5 0
56 HD 178443 HB* 19 10 36.8478001512 -43 16 36.165827604 10.82 10.73 10.05     F8 58 0
57 2MASS J19142029+5055317 Pe* 19 14 20.3010023928 +50 55 31.730941344           G0 15 0
58 UCAC4 657-070973 RG* 19 18 22.7376244200 +41 14 09.516456384   13.793 12.878 12.668   G5IV-V 29 0
59 UCAC4 118-148541 Pe* 19 20 20.6995328280 -66 27 20.306780892   13.75 12.76 12.49   CEMP 7 0
60 G 125-13 PM* 19 31 09.2290684806 +36 09 10.176410214   10.68   9.9   sdF7 71 0
61 UCAC4 661-076803 RG* 19 33 12.8932113288 +42 02 03.839292384   13.601 12.414 12.047   ~ 18 0
62 HD 184266 HB* 19 34 15.3865887336 -16 19 00.228534420 8.27 8.12 7.57     F2V 133 0
63 2MASS J19363476+4800516 * 19 36 34.7634909696 +48 00 51.698507760           ~ 8 0
64 BD+05 4314 PM* 19 51 49.6043802312 +05 36 45.901848492   11.46   10.8   G5 64 0
65 HD 358059 Pe* 20 56 09.1348060632 -13 31 17.690158776   11.016 10.192     G0 74 0
66 BD+26 4136 PM* 21 21 57.7460040024 +27 27 10.385460252       10.1   sdG0 53 0
67 Wolf 1143 PM* 21 55 16.1462515842 +32 38 41.150257734   11.69   10.6   G2V 81 0
68 Wolf 984 PM* 22 05 01.4078789977 +08 38 18.903030093   12.61   11.2   sdF8: 45 0
69 HD 210295 RG* 22 09 41.4458512176 -13 36 19.475979192   10.49 10.10     Gwl 103 0
70 BD+17 4708 SB* 22 11 31.3756832854 +18 05 34.177983548 9.73 9.91 9.46 9.03 8.70 sdF8 580 0
71 BPS CS 29512-0073 Pe* 22 28 36.7002065736 -12 24 44.113375440   14.71 14.14 13.76 13.384 CEMP-s 28 0
72 HD 213467 PM* 22 32 07.8972271497 -31 10 24.951994897   9.26 8.58     G5VwF3 66 0
73 HD 214362 HB* 22 37 58.6722777408 -22 38 40.152266772   9.56 8.80     Gwl 65 0
74 HD 216143 Pe* 22 50 31.0883724288 -06 54 49.554279360   8.78 7.81 7.44   G2/3(IV)(we) 150 0
75 HD 222925 Pe* 23 45 17.6074777008 -61 54 42.835286016   9.56 9.03     ApSrEu 83 0
76 NAME Gaia Enceladus-Sausage St* ~ ~           ~ 860 0

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