2024A&A...692A.250A

Query : 2024A&A...692A.250A

2024A&A...692A.250A - Astronomy and Astrophysics, volume 692A250 (2024/12-1)

Towards a complete census of luminous Compton-thick active galactic nuclei in the Local Universe.

AKYLAS A., GEORGANTOPOULOS I., GANDHI P., BOORMAN P. and GREENWELL C.L.

Abstract (from CDS):

X-ray surveys provide the most efficient means for the detection of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). However, they do face difficulties in detecting the most heavily obscured Compton-thick AGNs. The BAT detector on board the Gehrels/Swift mission, operating in the very hard 14-195 keV band, has provided the largest samples of Compton-thick AGN in the Local Universe. However, even these flux-limited samples may miss the most obscured sources among the Compton-thick AGN population. A robust way to find these local sources is to systematically study volume-limited AGN samples detected in the IR or the optical part of the spectrum. Here, we utilise a local sample (< 100 Mpc) of mid-IR-selected AGNs, unbiased against obscuration, to determine the fraction of Compton-thick sources in the Local Universe. When available, we acquired X-ray spectral information for the sources in our sample from previously published studies. In addition, to maximise the X-ray spectral information for the sources in our sample, we analysed eleven unexplored XMM-Newton and NuSTAR observations, for the first time. In this way, we identified four new Compton-thick sources. Our results reveal an increased fraction of Compton-thick AGNs among the sources that have not been detected by BAT of 44%. Overall, we have estimated a 25-30% share of Compton-thick sources in the Local Universe among mid-IR-selected AGNs. We find no evidence for any evolution of the AGN Compton-thick fraction with luminosity.

Abstract Copyright: © The Authors 2024

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: active - quasars: supermassive black holes

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/A+A/692/A250): table1.dat>

Simbad objects: 113

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Number of rows : 113
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 LEDA 136991 Sy2 00 25 33.0571973232 +68 21 43.694350020           ~ 63 1
2 NGC 262 Bla 00 48 47.14147900 +31 57 25.0845702 14.04 13.90 13.06 8.53   ~ 778 2
3 NGC 424 Sy1 01 11 27.6385025496 -38 05 00.421096524   13.76 14.12 12.38 12.8 ~ 346 1
4 NGC 454E Sy2 01 14 24.9356626320 -55 23 49.309036656   13.13 13.58 11.93   ~ 96 0
5 NGC 449 Sy2 01 16 07.2105079530 +33 05 21.649015602   15.90 14.96     ~ 302 4
6 NGC 526 Sy2 01 23 54.3772245792 -35 03 55.710850788   14.76 14.60 13.46   ~ 354 2
7 Z 459-57 Sy1 01 27 32.5217343720 +19 10 43.839069600   14.89 14.22     ~ 333 0
8 NGC 660 Sy2 01 43 02.350 +13 38 44.45   12.02 11.16     ~ 588 2
9 Z 386-35 Sy1 01 43 57.7777898304 +02 20 59.531401716   14.90 14.07     ~ 569 1
10 ICRF J015002.6-072548 Sy1 01 50 02.6975795592 -07 25 48.453672360   16.86 15.62 15.62   ~ 162 1
11 NAME Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy Sy1 01 51 06.3 -44 26 41   13.48 13.2 12.69   ~ 575 2
12 NGC 788 Sy2 02 01 06.4628889816 -06 48 57.149808084   13.71 12.76 11.79   ~ 291 0
13 MCG-02-07-024 Sy1 02 30 05.5225590096 -08 59 53.207139372   14.74 14.29 13.981 13.585 ~ 332 0
14 M 77 Sy2 02 42 40.7091669408 -00 00 47.859690204 9.70 9.61 8.87 10.1 9.9 ~ 4897 2
15 Z 524-26 Sy2 02 49 51.8286238272 +34 59 16.858084056   15.48 14.54     ~ 78 0
16 NGC 1125 Sy2 02 51 40.44 -16 39 02.4   13.98 13.13 12.48   ~ 158 1
17 MCG-02-08-014 Sy2 02 52 23.3915687424 -08 30 37.218571200   17.56 16.84 13.79   ~ 119 1
18 Z 524-40 Sy2 02 59 58.5970307633 +36 49 13.808979663   14.89 13.96     ~ 369 1
19 NGC 1194 Sy2 03 03 49.1124029328 -01 06 13.415103900   15.29 14.18     ~ 307 0
20 NGC 1275 Bla 03 19 48.1599902040 +41 30 42.108850836   13.10 12.48 11.09   ~ 4243 3
21 NGC 1320 Sy2 03 24 48.6886857672 -03 02 32.121533436   14.0 14.00     ~ 317 0
22 ESO 116-18 Sy2 03 24 53.0883337848 -60 44 18.653827992   15.09 12.7 13.53   ~ 48 0
23 NGC 1365 Sy1 03 33 36.458 -36 08 26.37 10.48 10.08 9.63 8.79 9.7 ~ 1987 2
24 NGC 1386 Sy1 03 36 46.238 -35 59 57.39 12.42 12.16 11.23 10.76   ~ 553 1
25 MCG-04-09-052 Sy1 03 42 03.7135713768 -21 14 39.577309944   12.84 13.68 11.57   ~ 145 0
26 MCG-05-11-006 Sy2 04 13 49.699 -32 00 25.20   13.31 13.3 12.14   ~ 106 1
27 IRAS 04385-0828 Sy1 04 40 54.9608896320 -08 22 22.126721232   15.71 14.5     ~ 128 0
28 Z 468-1 Sy2 04 46 29.758 +18 27 39.28   15.7       ~ 66 0
29 IRAS 04502-0317 Sy2 04 52 44.5394406960 -03 12 57.133972800   15.80 15.0 14.85   ~ 59 0
30 ESO 33-2 Sy2 04 55 58.93368 -75 32 28.2336   14.61 14.60 13.39   ~ 177 1
31 Z 469-3 Sy1 05 10 45.5396425152 +16 29 58.180436556   15.6 15.774     ~ 142 2
32 LEDA 97085 Sy2 05 16 22.712 +19 27 11.21           ~ 38 0
33 MCG-05-13-017 Sy2 05 19 35.8118941104 -32 39 27.923120568   13.81 13.37 12.73   ~ 274 1
34 NGC 2110 Sy2 05 52 11.3768668776 -07 27 22.507465392   14.77 13.51 11.86   ~ 712 1
35 Z 329-24 Sy2 06 15 36.2812259376 +71 02 14.837219808 14.21 14.03 12.97     ~ 960 2
36 Z 308-30 Sy1 06 32 47.1727076376 +63 40 25.283595072   13.3       ~ 114 0
37 NGC 2273 Sy1 06 50 08.6691789600 +60 50 44.864645136   14.50 13.54     ~ 566 2
38 IC 450 Sy1 06 52 12.3346265592 +74 25 37.121227716   15.16 14.19     ~ 619 1
39 Z 176-27 Sy2 07 14 03.876 +35 16 45.59   14.5       ~ 85 1
40 LEDA 76930 AG? 07 17 07.2370678032 -32 54 19.334944260           ~ 11 0
41 Z 147-20 Sy2 07 25 37.25833 +29 57 14.7920   15.60       ~ 105 2
42 Z 147-61 Sy2 07 44 09.1275236304 +29 14 50.762711400   13.28       ~ 145 1
43 IC 2207 Sy2 07 49 50.897 +33 57 44.14   15.4       ~ 70 0
44 Z 88-14 Sy2 07 59 40.1314683888 +15 23 12.616863324   14.0       ~ 76 0
45 MCG-02-22-003 Sy2 08 21 33.5338367520 -13 21 04.277482992   15   13.88   ~ 15 0
46 ESO 18-9 Sy2 08 24 07.927 -77 46 57.42   14.5 13.7     ~ 38 0
47 NGC 2623 LIN 08 38 24.016 +25 45 16.29 14.10 13.99 13.36     ~ 533 2
48 MCG-03-23-009 Sy1 08 50 20.2313932224 -16 34 46.047099000   14   13.10   ~ 29 1
49 MCG-01-24-012 Sy2 09 20 46.2617017368 -08 03 21.933760068   17.86 17.34     ~ 177 0
50 MCG-05-23-016 Sy2 09 47 40.1332188528 -30 56 55.960779696   14.10 13.69 12.44   ~ 611 0
51 Z 7-49 Sy1 09 52 19.168 -01 36 44.10   14.99 14.39 11.2   ~ 348 1
52 NGC 3094 G 10 01 25.9394231904 +15 46 12.175678236   13.5       ~ 124 1
53 Z 64-55 Sy2 10 05 51.1824374496 +12 57 40.722432408   15.3       ~ 69 0
54 NGC 3227 Sy1 10 23 30.5765149296 +19 51 54.282206700   12.61 11.79     ~ 1807 2
55 MCG-07-22-020 Sy2 10 31 23.1149036016 -42 03 38.266484832   14.42   13.18   ~ 66 0
56 NGC 3281 Sy2 10 31 52.086 -34 51 13.40   12.62 14.02 11.17   ~ 392 1
57 NGC 3516 Sy1 11 06 47.4632200800 +72 34 07.298374656   13.12 12.40     ~ 1638 0
58 IRAS 11215-2806 Sy2 11 24 02.7219289536 -28 23 15.489126168   15.7       ~ 71 0
59 NGC 3783 Sy1 11 39 01.7096819040 -37 44 19.009642992   12.46 13.43 11.33 12.1 ~ 1765 1
60 NGC 4051 Sy1 12 03 09.6101337312 +44 31 52.682601288   11.08 12.92 9.94   ~ 2270 1
61 NGC 4253 Sy1 12 18 26.5163572920 +29 48 46.531535472   14.34 13.57     ~ 1106 1
62 NGC 4388 Sy2 12 25 46.820 +12 39 43.45 11.91 11.76 11.02     ~ 1433 2
63 NGC 4507 Sy2 12 35 36.6338976888 -39 54 33.710416272   12.95 13.54 11.70 12.4 ~ 532 1
64 NGC 4593 Sy1 12 39 39.4435107024 -05 20 39.034988448   13.95 13.15     ~ 1179 0
65 IC 3639 Sy1 12 40 52.8344884344 -36 45 21.057011172   13.01 13.50 11.87 12.7 ~ 262 1
66 NGC 4628 Sy2 12 42 25.2474767568 -06 58 15.805836228   13.8   13.5 12.9 ~ 81 0
67 MCG-07-27-032 Sy1 13 06 26.1214861728 -40 24 52.595604396   13.58 13.42 12.01   ~ 269 0
68 NGC 4968 Sy2 13 07 05.976 -23 40 37.34   13.78 14.79 12.46 12.78 ~ 198 2
69 MCG-03-34-064 Sy2 13 22 24.4583154360 -16 43 42.481822404   14   13.16   ~ 345 2
70 NGC 5135 Sy2 13 25 44.059 -29 50 01.24   12.58 13.35 11.53 12.2 ~ 500 1
71 ESO 383-18 Sy2 13 33 26.1018852696 -34 00 53.311162860   15.29 15.32 14.30 14.25 ~ 95 0
72 MCG-06-30-015 Sy1 13 35 53.7691256160 -34 17 44.160716796   13.89 13.61 8.9   ~ 1559 0
73 2MASS J13473599-6037037 Sy2 13 47 36.00 -60 37 03.8         16.77 ~ 106 0
74 IC 4329A Sy1 13 49 19.2601801224 -30 18 34.213815504   13.81 13.66 12.18 12.35 ~ 876 1
75 LEDA 3096295 Sy1 13 51 29.5017024528 -18 13 46.336515492   11.3   13.7   ~ 65 0
76 NGC 5347 Sy2 13 53 17.7984934128 +33 29 27.011618196   13.46 12.70     ~ 373 1
77 Z 74-129 Sy2 14 10 41.3427501312 +13 33 28.917149112   15.54 14.6     ~ 73 0
78 NAME Circinus Galaxy Sy2 14 13 09.906 -65 20 20.47   10.89 9.84 10.6 10.0 ~ 1331 1
79 NGC 5506 Bla 14 13 14.8761010056 -03 12 27.556909272   15.25 14.38     ~ 1173 1
80 NGC 5548 Sy1 14 17 59.5400291832 +25 08 12.603122268   14.35 13.73     ~ 2895 0
81 NGC 5610 Sy2 14 24 22.9284234432 +24 36 50.885303112   14.5       ~ 129 0
82 LEDA 184694 Sy1 14 32 08.7019590888 -27 04 32.165708664   15.6       ~ 15 0
83 LEDA 3076910 Sy1 14 55 17.5192400136 -51 34 15.181812480           ~ 77 0
84 IC 4518A Sy2 14 57 41.18 -43 07 55.6   16.64   13.74   ~ 131 0
85 NGC 5861 Sy2 15 09 16.09127 -11 19 17.9800   13.34 12.62 11.03 11.5 ~ 186 0
86 NGC 5990 Sy2 15 46 16.3702704024 +02 24 55.693907820   13.1       ~ 158 1
87 LEDA 160710 Sy2 15 54 46.7509943640 -37 38 19.163805360   15.93   14.14   ~ 30 2
88 LEDA 2793282 Sy1 16 11 51.3943954128 -60 37 55.030263996   14.7       ~ 86 0
89 ESO 138-1 Sy2 16 51 20.2789606296 -59 14 04.184655576   14.35 13.63 13.02   ~ 162 0
90 ESO 44-7 Sy2 17 15 55.2210136752 -73 20 31.467244380   14.87   13.62   ~ 12 0
91 NGC 6300 Sy2 17 16 59.5418094960 -62 49 13.946588832   10.88 13.08 9.44 10.2 ~ 478 1
92 ESO 139-12 Sy2 17 37 39.0797034192 -59 56 26.644818696   13.61   12.84 12.7 ~ 83 0
93 IC 4709 Sy2 18 24 19.3825237104 -56 22 08.709650004   14.41   13.10   ~ 78 0
94 ESO 103-35 Sy2 18 38 20.3204821536 -65 25 39.141804936   14.75 14.53 13.24   ~ 342 0
95 ESO 140-43 Sy1 18 44 53.9892878664 -62 21 52.874216640   14.14 14.10 12.94 13.1 ~ 266 0
96 IC 4769 Sy2 18 47 44.0507117496 -63 09 25.055124876   14.09   12.71 13.4 ~ 85 0
97 ESO 281-38 Sy1 18 56 20.976 -43 08 48.07   14.82   13.59 13.5 ~ 35 0
98 Z 202-3 Sy2 19 03 49.1361313176 +33 50 41.115705864   14.0       ~ 54 0
99 LEDA 90334 Sy1 19 37 33.0247353552 -06 13 04.809737748   16.12 15.35 8.8   ~ 186 2
100 NGC 6860 Sy2 20 08 46.8865940304 -61 05 59.782024608   13.70 13.53 12.14   ~ 203 0
101 2MASS J20183873+4041000 Sy2 20 18 38.715 +40 41 00.06           ~ 47 0
102 IC 4995 Sy2 20 19 58.9795544088 -52 37 18.903502956   14.32 14.06 12.84   ~ 71 0
103 MCG+04-48-002 Sy2 20 28 35.061 +25 44 00.18   18       ~ 164 1
104 ESO 234-50 Sy2 20 35 57.8722541808 -50 11 32.172993492   14.38 12.5 13.25   ~ 53 0
105 IC 5063 Bla 20 52 02.15 -57 04 06.7   12.92 13.60 11.30   ~ 710 1
106 LEDA 5060762 AG? 21 02 55.6395111720 +63 36 24.618069108           ~ 9 0
107 IC 1368 Sy2 21 14 12.5737106256 +02 10 40.891041444   14.3       ~ 65 2
108 IRAS 21262+5643 Sy1 21 27 45.3941483856 +56 56 34.915920720       16.6   ~ 186 0
109 NGC 7172 Sy2 22 02 01.897 -31 52 11.60   12.72 13.61 11.15 25.10 ~ 572 2
110 NGC 7469 Sy1 23 03 15.6 +08 52 26 12.60 13.00 12.34     ~ 2253 3
111 NGC 7479 Sy2 23 04 56.6432243448 +12 19 22.357387020 11.74 11.60 10.85 10.47 9.66 ~ 783 2
112 NGC 7582 Sy2 23 18 23.60 -42 22 13.3 11.62 10.92 10.62     ~ 978 3
113 IC 1490 Sy1 23 59 10.7275606392 -04 07 37.061295744   17.8   12.61   ~ 46 1

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