2024MNRAS.527.4209J

Query : 2024MNRAS.527.4209J

2024MNRAS.527.4209J - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 527, 4209-4233 (2024/January-2)

Small-scale stellar haloes: detecting low surface brightness features in the outskirts of Milky Way dwarf satellites.

JENSEN J., HAYES C.R., SESTITO F., McCONNACHIE A.W., WALLER F., SMITH S.E.T., NAVARRO J. and VENN K.A.

Abstract (from CDS):

Dwarf galaxies are valuable laboratories for dynamical studies related to dark matter and galaxy evolution, yet it is currently unknown just how physically extended their stellar components are. Satellites orbiting the Galaxy's potential may undergo tidal stripping by the host, or alternatively, may themselves have accreted smaller systems whose debris populates the dwarf's own stellar halo. Evidence of these past interactions, if present, is best searched for in the outskirts of the satellite. However, foreground contamination dominates the signal at these large radial distances, making observation of stars in these regions difficult. In this work, we introduce an updated algorithm for application to Gaia data that identifies candidate member stars of dwarf galaxies, based on spatial, colour-magnitude and proper motion information, and which allows for an outer component to the stellar distribution. Our method shows excellent consistency with spectroscopically confirmed members from the literature despite having no requirement for radial velocity information. We apply the algorithm to all ∼60 Milky Way dwarf galaxy satellites, and we find nine dwarfs (Boötes 1, Boötes 3, Draco 2, Grus 2, Segue 1, Sculptor, Tucana 2, Tucana 3, and Ursa Minor) that exhibit evidence for a secondary, low-density outer profile. We identify many member stars which are located beyond 5 half-light radii (and in some cases, beyond 10). We argue these distant stars are likely tracers of dwarf stellar haloes or tidal streams, though ongoing spectroscopic follow-up will be required to determine the origin of these extended stellar populations.

Abstract Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): Galaxy: halo - galaxies: dwarf - galaxies: general - Local Group

Simbad objects: 73

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Number of rows : 73
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NAME Tuc IV G 00 02.9 -60 51           ~ 90 0
2 M 31 AGN 00 42 44.330 +41 16 07.50 4.86 4.36 3.44     ~ 13622 1
3 NAME Sculptor Dwarf Galaxy G 01 00 09.4 -33 42 32   9.79 8.6 8.81   ~ 1498 4
4 NAME Cetus II G 01 17.9 -17 25           ~ 56 0
5 NAME Phoenix Dwarf Galaxy Sy1 01 51 06.3 -44 26 41   13.48 13.2 12.69   ~ 575 2
6 DELVE 2 Cl* 01 55 05 -68 15.2     17.16     ~ 20 0
7 NAME Cetus III Dwarf Galaxy LSB 02 05 19.40 -04 16 12.0           ~ 32 0
8 NAME Tri II G 02 13 17.40 +36 10 42.4           ~ 164 0
9 NAME Segue 2 G 02 19 16.0 +20 10 31     15.2     ~ 299 0
10 NAME Eri III G 02 22 45.480 -52 17 04.92           ~ 79 0
11 [LPS2017] DES J0225+0304 G? 02 25 42.40 +03 04 10.1           ~ 23 0
12 NAME Hydrus I G 02 29 33.4 -79 18 32           ~ 80 0
13 MCG-06-07-001 G 02 39 59.3 -34 26 57   9.02 7.4     ~ 1894 1
14 NAME Hor I G 02 55 31.7 -54 07 08           ~ 169 0
15 NAME Magellanic Clouds GrG 03 00 -71.0           ~ 7988 0
16 NAME Horologium II G 03 16 32.1 -50 01 05           ~ 76 0
17 NAME Reticulum II G 03 35 42.1 -54 02 57           ~ 375 0
18 NAME Eridanus II G 03 44 21.1 -43 32 00           ~ 216 0
19 NAME Reticulum III G 03 45.4 -60 27           ~ 67 0
20 NAME Pic I G 04 43 47.4 -50 16 59           ~ 58 0
21 NAME Eridanus IV G 05 05 45 -09 30.9     14.72     ~ 15 0
22 NAME LMC G 05 23 34.6 -69 45 22     0.4     ~ 19090 0
23 NAME Col I G 05 31.4 -28 02           ~ 60 0
24 ESO 206-20A G 06 41 36.7 -50 57 58   22.14 11.0 19.47   ~ 1190 0
25 NAME Pic II G 06 44 43 -59 53.8           ~ 33 0
26 NAME Car III Dwarf Galaxy G 07 38 31.2 -57 53 59           ~ 81 0
27 Cl Pismis 2 OpC 08 17 54.4 -41 40 27           ~ 50 0
28 NAME UMa II Galaxy G 08 51 30.0 +63 07 48     13.3     ~ 410 0
29 NAME Leo T G 09 34 53.4 +17 03 05     15.1     ~ 434 0
30 NAME Antlia II Dwarf Galaxy G 09 35 32.8 -36 46 02           ~ 109 0
31 NAME Segue 1 G 10 07 03.2 +16 04 25     15.3     ~ 517 1
32 Z 64-73 G 10 08 28.12 +12 18 23.4   11.3 10.0     ~ 1284 1
33 NAME Sextans dSph LSB 10 13 02.9 -01 36 53   12 10.4     ~ 921 0
34 NAME UMa I Galaxy G 10 34 52.80 +51 55 12.0     14.4     ~ 355 1
35 NAME Car II HII Region HII 10 44 47 -59 38.8           ~ 40 0
36 NAME Willman 1 G 10 49 21.0 +51 03 00     15.2     ~ 345 0
37 NAME Leo Minor I Dwarf Galaxy G 10 57 03 +28 52.5     17.16     ~ 6 0
38 Z 126-111 G 11 13 28.13 +22 09 10.1   12.9 12.0     ~ 899 0
39 NAME Leo V LSB 11 31 09.60 +02 13 12.0     16.0     ~ 234 0
40 NAME Leo IV LSB 11 32 57.0 -00 32 00     15.1     ~ 419 1
41 NAME Crater II Dwarf Galaxy G 11 49 14 -18 24.8           ~ 176 0
42 NAME Vir I Dwarf Galaxy LSB 12 00 09.6 -00 40 48           ~ 40 0
43 NAME Hydra II G 12 21 42.1 -31 59 07           ~ 118 0
44 NAME Coma Dwarf Galaxy G 12 26 59.0 +23 54 15     14.1     ~ 482 1
45 NAME Centaurus I G 12 38 20 -40 54.1     14.78     ~ 29 0
46 NAME CVn II dSph G 12 57 09.6 +34 19 12     16.1     ~ 287 2
47 NAME CVn I dSph G 13 28 03.5 +33 33 21     13.1     ~ 352 1
48 M 3 GlC 13 42 11.62 +28 22 38.2     6.39     ~ 2593 0
49 NAME Bootes III G 13 57 07.4 +26 46 30     12.6     ~ 115 1
50 NAME Bootes II G 13 58 00.0 +12 51 00     15.4     ~ 269 0
51 NAME Bootes Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy G 14 00 00.0 +14 30 00     12.8     ~ 491 0
52 NGC 5466 GlC 14 05 27.29 +28 32 04.0     9.70     ~ 887 0
53 NAME Bootes V Dwarf Galaxy G 14 15 38 +32 54.8     16.84     ~ 10 0
54 NAME Virgo II Dwarf Galaxy G 15 00 14 +05 54.5     17.7     ~ 5 0
55 Z 318-18 G 15 09 08.0 +67 13 21   13.60 10.6     ~ 1459 0
56 NAME Bootes IV LSB 15 34 45 +43 43.6           ~ 24 0
57 NAME Draco II Gl? 15 52 47.6 +64 33 55           ~ 138 0
58 NAME Hercules Dwarf Galaxy G 16 31 02.0 +12 47 30     14.0     ~ 379 1
59 Z 300-12 G 17 20 14.335 +57 55 16.39   12.40 10.6     ~ 1428 1
60 NAME Galactic Center reg 17 45 39.60213 -29 00 22.0000           ~ 16269 0
61 NAME Sagittarius II Gl? 19 52 40.5 -22 04 05           ~ 97 0
62 NAME Indus I Cl* 21 08 49.970 -51 09 48.60           ~ 68 0
63 NAME Pegasus IV G 21 54 09 +26 37.2           ~ 15 0
64 NAME Gru II G 22 04.1 -46 26           ~ 110 0
65 NAME Pegasus III LSB 22 24 22.6 +05 25 12           ~ 69 0
66 NAME Aquarius 2 G 22 33 55.5 -09 19 39           ~ 66 0
67 NAME Tuc II G 22 51 55.1 -58 34 08           ~ 192 0
68 NAME Grus I G 22 56 42.4 -50 09 48           ~ 126 0
69 NAME Pisces II G 22 58 31.0 +05 57 09     16.3     ~ 283 0
70 NAME Tuc V G 23 37.4 -63 16           ~ 84 0
71 NAME Phe II G 23 39 59.4 -54 24 22           ~ 107 0
72 NAME Tuc III G 23 56.6 -59 36           ~ 229 0
73 NAME Local Group GrG ~ ~           ~ 9325 0

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