2024MNRAS.527.6321Q

We report the first ground-based detection of the water line p-H₂O (2₁₁-2₀₂) at 752.033 GHz in three z < 0.08 ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs): IRAS 06035-7102, IRAS 17207-0014, and IRAS 09022-3615. Using the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX), with its Swedish-ESO PI Instrument for APEX (SEPIA) band-9 receiver, we detect this H₂O line with overall signal-to-noise ratios of 8-10 in all three galaxies. Notably, this is the first detection of this line in IRAS 06035-7102. Our new APEX-measured fluxes, between 145 and 705 Jy km s^–1, are compared with previous values taken from Herschel SPIRE FTS. We highlight the great capabilities of APEX for resolving the H₂O line profiles with high spectral resolutions while also improving by a factor of two the significance of the detection within moderate integration times. While exploring the correlation between the p-H₂O(2₁₁-2₀₂) and the total infrared luminosity, our galaxies are found to follow the trend at the bright end of the local ULIRG's distribution. The p-H₂O(2₁₁-2₀₂) line spectra are compared to the mid-J CO and HCN spectra, and dust continuum previously observed with ALMA. In the complex interacting system IRAS 09022-3615, the profile of the water emission line is offset in velocity with respect to the ALMA CO(J = 4-3) emission. For IRAS 17207-0014 and IRAS 06035-7102, the profiles between the water line and the CO lines are spectroscopically aligned. This pilot study demonstrates the feasibility of directly conducting ground-based high-frequency observations of this key water line, opening the possibility of detailed follow-up campaigns to tackle its nature.