2024MNRAS.527.9626P

We have studied a star-forming complex S193 using near-infrared (NIR) observations and other archival data covering optical to radio wavelengths. We identified stellar clusters in the complex using the NIR photometric data and estimated the membership and distance of the clusters. Using the mid-infrared (MIR) and far-infrared (FIR) images, the distribution of the dust emission around H II regions is traced in the complex. The Herschel column density and temperature maps analysis reveal 16 cold dust clumps in the complex. The H α image and 1.4 GHz radio continuum emission map are employed to study the ionized gas distribution and infer the spectral type and the dynamical age of each H II region/ionized clump in the complex. The ¹²CO(J = 3 - 2) and ¹³CO(J = 1 - 0) molecular line data hint at the presence of two velocity components around [-43, -46] and [-47, -50] km s^–1, and their spatial distribution reveals two overlapping zones toward the complex. By investigating the immediate surroundings of the central cluster [BDS2003]57 and the pressure calculations, we suggest that the feedback from the massive stars seems responsible for the observed velocity gradient and might have triggered the formation of the central cluster [BDS2003]57.