2024MNRAS.528.6807C

Query : 2024MNRAS.528.6807C

2024MNRAS.528.6807C - Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc., 528, 6807-6822 (2024/March-2)

Transient quasi-periodic oscillations in the gamma-ray light curves of bright blazars.

CHEN J., YU J., HUANG W. and DING N.

Abstract (from CDS):

Transient quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) are extremely interesting observational phenomena. However, the precise physical mechanisms leading to their generation are still hotly debated. We performed a systematic search for transient QPO signals using Weighted Wavelet Z-transforms on the gamma-ray light curves of 134 bright blazars with peak flux exceeding 1 × 10–6 ph cm–2 s–1 as monitored by Fermi-LAT. Artificial light curves were generated from the power spectral density and probability distribution functions of the original light curves to assess the significance level of transient QPO. We discuss several physical mechanisms that produce transient QPOs, with the helical jet model providing the best explanation. This study identified four new transient QPO events. Interestingly, repetitive transient QPOs are observed in PKS 0537-441, and nested transient QPOs are detected in PKS 1424-41. Additionally, we find that transient QPOs tend to occur in the flare state of the blazar. Finally, we estimate the incidence of transient QPO events to be only about 3 per cent.

Abstract Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Astronomical Society.

Journal keyword(s): galaxies: active - BL Lacertae objects: general - gamma-rays: galaxies

Simbad objects: 155

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Number of rows : 155
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 QSO J0017-0512 Bla 00 17 35.8173230832 -05 12 41.768611560       17.60   ~ 127 1
2 7C 0059+5808 Bla 01 02 45.76237340 +58 24 11.1366164   20.09 19.22 18.57 17.90 ~ 262 1
3 4C 01.02 Bla 01 08 38.77110544 +01 35 00.3171844   18.54 18.39 19.05   ~ 589 1
4 4C 31.03 Bla 01 12 50.3328920232 +32 08 17.435303556     18.0 18.1   ~ 140 1
5 QSO B0130-17 Bla 01 32 43.48746292 -16 54 48.5220804   18.75 18.44 15.44   ~ 247 1
6 QSO B0131-522 Bla 01 33 05.76250002 -52 00 03.9454078   18.68 20.3 18.63   ~ 129 1
7 QSO B0202-172 Bla 02 04 57.67433267 -17 01 19.8408671   18.18 18 17.19   ~ 263 1
8 QSO B0208-512 BLL 02 10 46.2004407600 -51 01 01.893013392   17.10 16.93 14.82   ~ 485 1
9 ICRF J021113.1+105134 BLL 02 11 13.1774921592 +10 51 34.798753116 13.96 13.63 13.40 15.42   ~ 161 1
10 6C 021803+354230 BLL 02 21 05.4920852208 +35 56 13.848581904   20.0 20.0 19.60   ~ 603 3
11 QSO B0219-1628 Bla 02 22 00.72502859 -16 15 16.5480927   15.38 15.00 18.14   ~ 125 1
12 3C 66A BLL 02 22 39.6114771888 +43 02 07.799534304   15.71 15.21 14.5   ~ 942 2
13 QSO B0226-559 Bla 02 28 21.5992002288 -55 46 03.292197564     19.0 19.76   ~ 55 1
14 4C 28.07 Bla 02 37 52.40567519 +28 48 08.9899986     19.30 16.99   ~ 654 1
15 QSO B0235+1624 BLL 02 38 38.93010450 +16 36 59.2745528   16.46 15.50 15.92   ~ 1614 2
16 QSO B0244-470 Bla 02 46 00.1179456480 -46 51 17.232749496     18.5 17.9   ~ 104 1
17 ICRF J025247.9-221925 Bla 02 52 47.95365568 -22 19 25.4659009       19.83   ~ 130 1
18 PKS J0303-2407 BLL 03 03 26.5025589984 -24 07 11.426291220   16.55 16.18     ~ 249 1
19 QSO B0336-0156 Bla 03 39 30.93778633 -01 46 35.8041892   18.96 18.41 17.33   ~ 598 1
20 QSO B0346-279 Bla 03 48 38.14457039 -27 49 13.5657855   20.08 18.63 17.72   ~ 219 1
21 6C 035545+504923 Bla 03 59 29.74727351 +50 57 50.1618607           ~ 480 1
22 QSO J0403-3605 Bla 04 03 53.74990003 -36 05 01.9131880   17.04 17.17 16.67   ~ 313 1
23 WISEA J042840.41-375619.3 BLL 04 28 40.4241894720 -37 56 19.580735832   18.96 19.0 17.21   ~ 343 1
24 QSO B0440-003 Bla 04 42 38.66072366 -00 17 43.4209582   19.59 19.22 17.85   ~ 433 1
25 PKS J0449-4350 BLL 04 49 24.6981911928 -43 50 08.960970948 14.95 17.52 15.24 16.27   ~ 190 1
26 QSO J0457-2324 Bla 04 57 03.1791422424 -23 24 52.021129572   18.85 18.5 16.56   ~ 435 1
27 4C -02.19 Bla 05 01 12.80988538 -01 59 14.2564557   19.1 18.06 19.04   ~ 624 1
28 QSO B0502+049 Bla 05 05 23.18472514 +04 59 42.7245008   18.7 19.0 17.58   ~ 188 1
29 QSO B0514-459 Bla 05 15 45.2501347656 -45 56 43.198786536   18.18 17.5 17.31   ~ 132 1
30 RX J0521.7+2112 BLL 05 21 45.9657388992 +21 12 51.452786736           ~ 162 1
31 ESO 362-21 BLL 05 22 57.98464178 -36 27 30.8512953   15.26 14.62 14.48   ~ 873 2
32 9Y-MST J0531-4827 BLL 05 31 58.6155149088 -48 27 35.991354960           ~ 64 1
33 QSO B0529+075 Bla 05 32 38.9985483000 +07 32 43.344156480   19.0 19.00 17.50   ~ 252 1
34 QSO B0537-441 BLL 05 38 50.36155950 -44 05 08.9390233   15.77 16.48 16   ~ 924 2
35 QSO B0537-286 Bla 05 39 54.28147904 -28 39 55.9481236   19.70 20.0 18.789   ~ 314 1
36 7C 055201.39+394824.00 Bla 05 55 30.80561419 +39 48 49.1649683     18.30 17.5   ~ 527 2
37 4FGL J0555.6+3947 AG? 05 55 36.4 +39 47 16           ~ 20 0
38 QSO B0646-176 Bla 06 48 28.4985227592 -17 44 05.437773816   20.18 18.5 18.7   ~ 88 1
39 LEDA 88588 Sy1 07 08 41.4886614696 -49 33 06.308921700   16.02 15.7 12.7   ~ 566 0
40 ICRF J071355.6+193500 Bla 07 13 55.67917496 +19 35 00.4089341       18   ~ 106 3
41 8C 0716+714 BLL 07 21 53.4482942664 +71 20 36.363846516   15.5 15.50 14.27   ~ 1388 1
42 4C 14.23 BLL 07 25 16.80776465 +14 25 13.7465925       17.48   ~ 170 1
43 QSO J0730-116 Bla 07 30 19.11247452 -11 41 12.6006642     20.30 20.3   ~ 323 1
44 QSO B0736+01 Bla 07 39 18.03389906 +01 37 04.6177501   16.90 16.47 16.19   ~ 738 1
45 6C 073840+545153 BLL 07 42 39.79069953 +54 44 24.6671050     16.90     ~ 138 1
46 6C 074842+332048 Bla 07 51 53.67324343 +33 13 19.8189929   20.00 19.78 19.43   ~ 85 1
47 4FGL J0751.9+3314 AG? 07 51 55.8 +33 14 10           ~ 21 0
48 ICRF J080512.8-011113 QSO 08 05 12.88848306 -01 11 13.7952408       17.87   ~ 71 0
49 QSO B0805-077 Bla 08 08 15.53603763 -07 51 09.8865298     19.80 16.71   ~ 291 1
50 7C 082754.29+242103.00 Bla 08 30 52.08619250 +24 10 59.8202919   17.62 17.26 16.30   ~ 563 1
51 4C 71.07 Bla 08 41 24.36528508 +70 53 42.1730435     17.30 16.8   ~ 818 1
52 3FHL J0852.5-5756 Bla 08 52 38.710 -57 55 29.50           ~ 33 1
53 PG 0851+202 BLL 08 54 48.8749846272 +20 06 30.639583620   15.649 15.146 15.446   ~ 2513 1
54 ICRF J090442.3-351424 BLL 09 04 42.37879433 -35 14 24.3505590           ~ 47 1
55 QSO B0903-573 BLL 09 04 53.1791655231 -57 35 05.782508724           ~ 131 1
56 4C 01.24B Bla 09 09 10.09159883 +01 21 35.6176206   17.63 17.29 17.04   ~ 454 2
57 6C 091739+622838 Bla 09 21 36.23107643 +62 15 52.1803510   19.76 19.26 18.96   ~ 394 1
58 QSO B0920-397 Bla 09 22 46.41826886 -39 59 35.0682386   18.12 18.8     ~ 143 1
59 QSO J0948+0022 Bla 09 48 57.32005819 +00 22 25.5596984   18.85 18.61 18.17   ~ 350 2
60 6C 095456+654857 BLL 09 58 47.2451872176 +65 33 54.819354600     17.0 15.75   ~ 771 1
61 QSO B1004-217 Bla 10 06 46.4138565672 -21 59 20.411032848   17.05 16.89 16.29   ~ 111 1
62 RX J1015.0+4926 BLL 10 15 04.1396533776 +49 26 00.706055496   16.56 16.15 14.58   ~ 400 3
63 4C 40.25 Bla 10 23 11.56566843 +39 48 15.3853581   17.5 17.5 17.18   ~ 182 1
64 6C 103031+610629 Bla 10 33 51.4290959304 +60 51 07.334442756   19.31 18.86 20.24   ~ 195 2
65 Z 212-25 Sy1 10 34 38.5982990352 +39 38 28.187042604   17.37 16.90     ~ 402 1
66 ICRF J103840.6-531143 QSO 10 38 40.6571345328 -53 11 43.270611684   19.41       ~ 48 1
67 6C 104451+715930 Bla 10 48 27.61992778 +71 43 35.9384142     19.0 17.49   ~ 270 1
68 4C 01.28 BLL 10 58 29.60520810 +01 33 58.8237454   18.74 18.28 16.68   ~ 828 2
69 Z 184-50 BLL 11 04 27.3140835504 +38 12 31.798495872   13.50 12.90 8.31   ~ 2841 1
70 3FGL J1123.2-6415 Bla 11 23 19.41524 -64 17 36.1959           ~ 35 3
71 QSO J1130-1449 Bla 11 30 07.0523452128 -14 49 27.388021944   17.17 16.90 16 16.97 ~ 739 1
72 6C 114419+401458 Bla 11 46 58.29791724 +39 58 34.3043988   18.80 18.45 18.58   ~ 261 1
73 Ton 599 Bla 11 59 31.83391383 +29 14 43.8268224   14.80 14.41 17.652 13.39 ~ 989 1
74 RX J1217.8+3007 BLL 12 17 52.0819904040 +30 07 00.634936872   16.07 15.62 13.47   G7 516 1
75 NGC 4253 Sy1 12 18 26.5163572920 +29 48 46.531535472   14.34 13.57     ~ 1106 1
76 7C 1219+2830 BLL 12 21 31.6904439888 +28 13 58.500308172   16.81 16.11 14.24   ~ 924 1
77 7C 122223.5+213929 Bla 12 24 54.4583146056 +21 22 46.385507388   17.56 17.50 18.2   ~ 770 2
78 3C 273 BLL 12 29 06.6998257176 +02 03 08.597629980   13.05 14.830 14.11   ~ 6022 1
79 RX J1230.2+2518 BLL 12 30 14.0893292232 +25 18 07.136022996   15.6   14.78   ~ 177 1
80 2XMM J123103.2+110648 AG? 12 31 03.239 +11 06 48.60           ~ 56 0
81 [VV2006] J123932.7+044305 Bla 12 39 32.75568115 +04 43 05.2330218   20.81 20.56 18.1   ~ 191 2
82 QSO J1246-2547 Bla 12 46 46.80203943 -25 47 49.2889822   17.65 17.41 16.96 15.5 ~ 314 1
83 3C 279 Bla 12 56 11.16657958 -05 47 21.5251510   18.01 17.75 15.87   ~ 3205 2
84 US 371 BLL 13 10 28.66385420 +32 20 43.7828340   15.61 15.24 17.91   ~ 917 1
85 6C 131034+484447 Bla 13 12 43.35362141 +48 28 30.9405577   21.8 20.3 20.00   ~ 109 1
86 QSO B1313-333 Bla 13 16 07.98594757 -33 38 59.1726741   18.04 20.0 17.23   ~ 267 1
87 QSO B1334-127 Bla 13 37 39.78278132 -12 57 24.6933925   18.5 19.00 16.22   ~ 540 1
88 7C 134328.69+450758.00 Bla 13 45 33.17247907 +44 52 59.5725560       19.6   ~ 138 1
89 ICRF J135938.0+401138 Bla 13 59 38.09426177 +40 11 38.2506777     19.2 17.00   ~ 69 1
90 QSO B1406-076 Bla 14 08 56.48120623 -07 52 26.6665312   20.3 18.4     ~ 336 1
91 6C 142016+323628 Bla 14 22 30.3788624376 +32 23 10.440862980   19.33 19.16 19.11   ~ 196 1
92 QSO B1424-41 Bla 14 27 56.29756617 -42 06 19.4376238   18.48 17.7 16.30   ~ 547 1
93 RX J1428.5+4240 BLL 14 28 32.6090008440 +42 40 21.048123396   16.95 16.45 14.4   ~ 549 1
94 QSO J1457-3539 BLL 14 57 26.71171449 -35 39 09.9716148   17.95 19.50 18.93   ~ 167 1
95 QSO B1502+1041 Bla 15 04 24.97978391 +10 29 39.1985309   18.97 18.56 18.94   ~ 634 1
96 6C 150412+374224 Bla 15 06 09.52997529 +37 30 51.1325012   21.2 21.2 20.60   ~ 213 1
97 QSO J1512-0906 Bla 15 12 50.53293048 -09 05 59.8297908   16.74 16.54     ~ 1409 1
98 ESO 514-1 BLL 15 17 41.8134049824 -24 22 19.482207024   15.13 14.00 13.95   ~ 815 3
99 7C 1520+3154 Bla 15 22 09.99173254 +31 44 14.3819383   20.45 19.89 19.87   ~ 230 1
100 PG 1553+113 BLL 15 55 43.0440048528 +11 11 24.365649948 14.91 14.72 14.57 13.99   ~ 672 1
101 QSO J1626-2951 Bla 16 26 06.02084013 -29 51 26.9712990   18.41 20.5 17.6   ~ 452 1
102 4C 38.41 Bla 16 35 15.49297809 +38 08 04.5005995   18.14 17.97 17.25   ~ 906 1
103 Z 225-7 BLL 16 53 52.21668403 +39 45 36.6088754 14.09 14.15 13.29 8.26   ~ 2304 2
104 GB6 J1700+6830 Rad 16 59.9 +68 27           ~ 12 0
105 6C 170021+683437 Bla 17 00 09.29285259 +68 30 06.9591278     17.00 18.47   ~ 143 1
106 6C 170807+432136 Bla 17 09 41.08658310 +43 18 44.5325307   19.99 19.25 19.67   ~ 113 2
107 AT20G J171735-515532 Bla 17 17 34.69189 -51 55 31.9252           ~ 40 1
108 7C 172601.30+453309.00 BLL 17 27 27.65080202 +45 30 39.7312530   19.0 18.10 16.64   ~ 233 2
109 QSO B1730-130 Bla 17 33 02.70578907 -13 04 49.5482119   18 19.50 18.78 17.39 ~ 1198 1
110 7C 173240.70+385949.00 BLL 17 34 20.57853650 +38 57 51.4430945   19.5 19 19.00   ~ 232 1
111 NAME Fermi Bubbles bub 17 45 -29.0           ~ 525 0
112 RX J1748.5+7005 BLL 17 48 32.8402992264 +70 05 50.768819304   17.46 17.01 15.48   ~ 456 2
113 4C 09.57 BLL 17 51 32.81857326 +09 39 00.7284066   17.46 16.78 15.57   ~ 1007 1
114 1RXS J180043.6+782806 BLL 18 00 45.6838528560 +78 28 04.018028016   16.4 15.90 16.134   ~ 793 1
115 7C 180003.10+440418.00 Bla 18 01 32.31481983 +44 04 21.9002442   16.8 17.90 15.29   ~ 228 1
116 ICRF J182912.4-581355 Bla 18 29 12.40235306 -58 13 55.1618061   19.26   18.80   ~ 50 1
117 4FGL J1829.2-5813 AG? 18 29 14.6 -58 13 56           ~ 15 0
118 QSO B1830-211 Bla 18 33 39.9399138048 -21 03 39.368838780     18.70 21   ~ 724 1
119 6C 184914+670207 Bla 18 49 16.07228484 +67 05 41.6802599     16.90 17.45   ~ 305 2
120 QSO B1908-202 Bla 19 11 09.65289294 -20 06 55.1090664   18.21   18.14   ~ 306 1
121 NVSS J192540+122738 Rad 19 25 40.81705290 +12 27 38.0868063           ~ 27 1
122 3FGL J1925.7+1228 Bz? 19 25 43.5 +12 27 50           ~ 16 0
123 QSO B1954-388 Bla 19 57 59.81927491 -38 45 06.3558881   18.47 17.07 16.73   ~ 239 1
124 QSO B1959+650 BLL 19 59 59.8520303688 +65 08 54.652536492     12.8 11.21   ~ 699 2
125 8C 2007+777 BLL 20 05 30.9987913056 +77 52 43.248139536     16.5 17.36   ~ 474 1
126 QSO B2022-077 BLL 20 25 40.6602562440 -07 35 52.688047128   18.5       ~ 234 3
127 QSO B2032+107 BLL 20 35 22.33330500 +10 56 06.7881888   17.96 16.37 17.4   ~ 218 1
128 QSO B2052-474 Bla 20 56 16.35980507 -47 14 47.6277179   18.29 19.1 18.07   ~ 341 1
129 4C -02.81 BLL 21 34 10.30958988 -01 53 17.2389056   18.6 19.00 18.87   ~ 431 1
130 9Y-MST J2141-6409 Bla 21 41 43.3 -64 10 45           ~ 29 0
131 PMN J2141-6411 rG 21 41 46.4409715032 -64 11 14.476312320           ~ 15 1
132 QSO B2141+1730 Bla 21 43 35.54456275 +17 43 48.7875890   15.91 15.73 15.17   ~ 418 1
133 QSO B2144+093 Bla 21 47 10.16296704 +09 29 46.6722487   18.72 18.54 16.51   ~ 225 1
134 QSO J2147-7536 Bla 21 47 12.73063669 -75 36 13.2249063   17.79 17.30     ~ 167 1
135 QSO B2149-306 Bla 21 51 55.52396937 -30 27 53.6980880   17.95 18.0 17.48   ~ 281 1
136 PKS J2158-3013 BLL 21 58 52.0652249880 -30 13 32.118447792   13.36 13.09 12.62   ~ 1829 1
137 AT20G J220219-833812 Bla 22 02 19.2376999896 -83 38 11.831685864     18.5 19.3   ~ 69 1
138 NAME BL Lac BLL 22 02 43.2913536816 +42 16 39.979416792   15.66 14.72     ~ 2397 1
139 4C 11.69 Bla 22 32 36.40890093 +11 43 50.9040592   17.75 17.33     ~ 1205 2
140 QSO B2233-148 BLL 22 36 34.08715104 -14 33 22.1896043 19.53 19.13 18.66 18.05   ~ 172 1
141 ICRF J224412.7+405713 BLL 22 44 12.7311667056 +40 57 13.619816316       19.7   ~ 110 1
142 PKS J2249-1251 rG 22 49 59.61247455 -12 51 16.8243273           ~ 68 1
143 QSO B2247-283 BLL 22 50 44.49237710 -28 06 39.3295239   21.71   19.3   ~ 90 1
144 3C 454.0 QSO 22 51 34.7277468096 +18 48 40.087264428   18.52 18.4     ~ 232 2
145 3C 454.3 Bla 22 53 57.7480438728 +16 08 53.561508864   16.57 16.10 15.22   ~ 3004 2
146 QSO B2255-2814 Bla 22 58 05.96287687 -27 58 21.2567572   17.34 16.77 17.20   ~ 397 1
147 4FGL J2301.0-0158 AG? 23 01 03.0 -01 58 33           ~ 24 0
148 [VV2006] J230108.0-015804 Bla 23 01 07.97847262 -01 58 04.5857764   19.23 19.10 20.04   ~ 66 1
149 6C 230840+340844 Bla 23 11 05.32880063 +34 25 10.9049514     19.5 19.2   ~ 138 1
150 QSO B2320-035 Bla 23 23 31.95375055 -03 17 05.0238540   18.6   18.16   ~ 229 2
151 RX J2324.7-4040 BLL 23 24 44.6723616768 -40 40 49.444171248 15.88 15.72 15.54 16.84   ~ 88 1
152 QSO B2326-502 Bla 23 29 20.8816086312 -49 55 40.657964772   19.0 19.0 20.86   ~ 114 1
153 QSO J2345-1555 BLL 23 45 12.4622049264 -15 55 07.836801888   19.21   18.48   ~ 202 1
154 QSO B2344+514 BLL 23 47 04.8372110928 +51 42 17.877513168     15.50 10.7   ~ 500 1
155 QSO B2345-167 Bla 23 48 02.60851466 -16 31 12.0222546   18.00 18.41 16.86   ~ 432 1

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