2024NatAs...8..368P

Query : 2024NatAs...8..368P

2024NatAs...8..368P - Nature Astronomy, 8, 368-376 (2024/March-0)

A departure from the mass-metallicity relation in merging galaxies due to an infall of metal-poor gas.

PEREZ-DIAZ B., PEREZ-MONTERO E., FERNANDEZ-ONTIVEROS J.A., VILCHEZ J.M. and AMORIN R.

Abstract (from CDS):

Heavy element accumulation and stellar mass assembly are fundamental processes in the formation and evolution of galaxies. However, the key elements that govern them, such as gas accretion and outflow, are not fully understood. This is especially true for luminous and massive galaxies, which usually suffer strong feedback as massive outflows and large-scale gas accretion triggered by galaxy interactions. Using a sample of 77 luminous infrared (IR) galaxies, we derive chemical abundances using new diagnostics based on nebular IR lines, which peer through their dusty medium and allow us to include the obscured metals. In contrast to optically based studies, our analysis reveals that most luminous IR galaxies remain close to the mass-metallicity relation. Four galaxies with extreme star formation rates (>60 M⊙ yr–1) in their late-merger stages show strongly depressed metallicities (12 + log(O/H) ≈ 7.7-8.1) along with solar-like N/O ratios, indicative of gas mixing processes and suggesting the action of massive infall of metal-poor gas in a short phase, eventually followed by rapid enrichment. These results challenge the classical gas equilibrium scenario applied to main-sequence galaxies, suggesting that chemical enrichment and stellar-mass growth in luminous IR galaxies likely occur via mergers, driving these galaxies out of chemical equilibrium.


Abstract Copyright: 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited

Journal keyword(s):

VizieR on-line data: <Available at CDS (J/other/NatAs/8.368): table1.dat table2.dat table3.dat table4.dat>

Simbad objects: 132

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Number of rows : 132
N Identifier Otype ICRS (J2000)
RA 		ICRS (J2000)
DEC 		Mag U Mag B Mag V Mag R Mag I Sp type #ref
1850 - 2026 		#notes
1 NGC 23 AGN 00 09 53.411 +25 55 25.46   12.5       ~ 331 2
2 MCG-02-01-051 Sy2 00 18 50.898 -10 22 36.49   14.81 14.33     ~ 154 3
3 ESO 350-38 Sy2 00 36 52.489 -33 33 17.23   14.31 14.41 13.49   ~ 450 0
4 LEDA 165307 AGN 00 42 15.51192 -12 56 03.3108   19.45       ~ 86 0
5 NGC 232 Sy2 00 42 45.814 -23 33 40.69   14.43   12.78   ~ 167 0
6 NGC 253 SyG 00 47 33.134 -25 17 19.68   8.03   6.94 8.1 ~ 3588 2
7 MCG+12-02-001a G 00 54 04.4 +73 05 23   18       ~ 3 0
8 SDSS J005456.38+255307.8 G 00 54 56.387 +25 53 07.85           ~ 26 0
9 MCG-03-04-014 Sy1 01 10 08.92440 -16 51 09.7668   15   13.96   ~ 117 1
10 NGC 450 H2G 01 15 30.4565036568 -00 51 39.125259576   13.4   13.3 13.2 ~ 240 0
11 MCG-07-03-014 Sy1 01 18 08.370 -44 27 43.29   14.43   13.06   ~ 86 0
12 Z 436-30 LIN 01 20 02.654 +14 21 41.73   14.9       ~ 176 1
13 MCG-06-04-050 EmG 01 34 51.2977756128 -36 08 14.160509484   14.16   12.72   ~ 71 1
14 NGC 625 AGN 01 35 04.632 -41 26 10.32 12.37 11.78 11.25 11.03 11.5 ~ 312 2
15 NGC 633 EmG 01 36 23.418 -37 19 17.64   13.50   12.50   ~ 101 1
16 NGC 695 AGN 01 51 14.3479513536 +22 34 55.956444960   13.7       ~ 201 1
17 NGC 877 LSB 02 17 59.6453041536 +14 32 38.215857696   12.5       ~ 189 1
18 NGC 891 H2G 02 22 32.907 +42 20 53.95 11.08 10.81 9.93 7.86   ~ 1741 2
19 Z 553-7 AGN 02 24 07.9838118384 +47 58 10.747047684   15.7       ~ 94 1
20 NGC 992 AGN 02 37 25.491 +21 06 03.04   13.5       ~ 144 1
21 NAME SMM J02399-0136 rG 02 39 51.87 -01 35 58.8       21.20   ~ 201 2
22 Z 440-4 rG 02 46 17.482 +13 05 44.33   15.2       ~ 141 1
23 MCG+02-08-029 AGN 02 54 01.80480 +14 58 14.6244           ~ 107 1
24 NGC 1140 AGN 02 54 33.5271666624 -10 01 43.142143908 12.41 12.84 12.49 13.6 13.5 ~ 303 1
25 NGC 1222 Sy2 03 08 56.7398731608 -02 57 18.587969280   13.3   13.0 13.2 ~ 210 0
26 SBSG 0335-052 AGN 03 37 44.06 -05 02 40.2     16.65     ~ 500 1
27 IC 342 AGN 03 46 48.514 +68 05 45.98   10.5       ~ 1579 1
28 Z 418-14 AG? 04 12 22.670 +05 32 49.13   15.50       ~ 170 0
29 SPT-S J041839-4751.8 rG 04 18 39.270 -47 51 50.10           ~ 59 0
30 NGC 1569 rG 04 30 49.186 +64 50 52.52 11.72 11.86 11.03     ~ 1297 3
31 NGC 1614 Sy1 04 34 00.027 -08 34 44.57   14.66 13.99     ~ 697 1
32 NGC 1705 Sy2 04 54 13.4661493464 -53 21 39.471592428 12.32 12.96 12.56 12.58 12.9 ~ 692 1
33 NGC 1741 EmG 05 01 38.3 -04 15 25   13.7   13.02 13.6 ~ 273 0
34 NGC 1808 Sy2 05 07 42.343 -37 30 46.98 11.05 10.80 9.94 9.36 10.2 ~ 756 3
35 ZW VII 31 rG 05 16 46.44456 +79 40 12.4320   15.8       ~ 159 1
36 UGCA 116 AGN 05 55 42.645 +03 23 32.23 10.74 11.68 11.46   11.82 ~ 561 0
37 NGC 2146 AGN 06 18 37.710 +78 21 25.27 11.67 11.38 10.59     ~ 765 2
38 2MASX J06272170-4710364 GiG 06 27 21.705 -47 10 36.44   19.26   18.47   ~ 27 0
39 LEDA 3098117 Sy1 07 03 28.588 -60 16 44.11   16.11   14.70   ~ 29 1
40 LEDA 2790884 QSO 08 25 55.5166210656 +35 32 31.833368556   18.2       ~ 128 1
41 MCG-04-21-005 AGN 08 36 15.190 -26 24 33.66 12.04 11.93 11.45 11.09 12.3 ~ 600 3
42 LEDA 90088 AGN 08 37 01.827 -49 54 30.27           ~ 67 0
43 IRAS 08572+3915 LIN 09 00 25.38288 +39 03 54.2988     16.66     ~ 450 1
44 NVSS J090412-362700 rG 09 04 12.70392 -36 27 01.1412           ~ 104 1
45 H-ATLAS J091043.1-000321 LeG 09 10 43.1 -00 03 21           ~ 34 0
46 NAME Grasshopper B G 09 15 54.67224 +44 19 51.4524           ~ 21 0
47 KUG 0912+445A AGN 09 15 55.522 +44 19 58.08   14.87 14.42     ~ 63 0
48 NGC 2903 AGN 09 32 10.111 +21 30 02.99 10.44 9.75 9.07 8.68   ~ 1204 3
49 Mrk 116 AGN 09 34 02.1 +55 14 25           ~ 1179 1
50 M 82 AGN 09 55 52.430 +69 40 46.93 9.61 9.30 8.41     ~ 6156 6
51 AS2COS 0023.1 rG 09 59 42.860 +02 29 38.20           ~ 74 0
52 NGC 3180 GiG 10 18 16.985 +41 25 27.77   10.4       ~ 777 0
53 NGC 3198 EmG 10 19 54.990 +45 32 58.88 10.83 10.87 10.33     ~ 946 1
54 NGC 3256 Sy2 10 27 51.284 -43 54 13.55   11.83 11.33 10.62 11.9 ~ 920 2
55 Z 266-55 AGN 10 32 31.956 +54 24 03.53 13.29 13.66 13.13 12.71 12.27 ~ 381 1
56 ESO 264-36 Sy2 10 43 07.676 -46 12 44.50   14.34   12.55   ~ 84 0
57 M 95 GiP 10 43 57.7313485800 +11 42 13.301191332 10.71 10.51 9.73 9.48   ~ 1238 2
58 NGC 3353 AGN 10 45 22.390 +55 57 37.36 12.90 13.25 12.79     ~ 378 1
59 Z 267-15 AGN 10 49 05.0478242832 +52 20 07.788652296   14.6       ~ 94 0
60 NAME HLock01 G 10 57 51.1 +57 30 27           ~ 45 0
61 MCG-07-23-002 AGN 10 59 01.794 -43 26 25.81   15.02   13.22   ~ 78 0
62 IRAS 10565+2448 LIN 10 59 18.12811 +24 32 34.7357   15.7       ~ 302 0
63 APG 148 IG 11 03 53.89153 +40 50 59.8850   14.29       ~ 190 1
64 LEDA 125693 LIN 11 12 03.37008 -02 54 22.7232   17.45 17.40     ~ 113 1
65 Z 351-62 bCG 11 27 59.90 +78 59 39.0   14.50       ~ 346 1
66 Mrk 1450 AGN 11 38 35.6552554896 +57 52 26.636623644   15.5       ~ 130 1
67 Z 12-61 rG 11 42 12.253 +00 20 03.68   14.16 13.67 13.41 13.03 ~ 196 1
68 LEDA 37102 Sy1 11 51 33.3537570144 -02 22 21.893502576   17       ~ 179 0
69 NGC 3938 GiG 11 52 49.4335936248 +44 07 14.697085116 10.80 10.90 10.38     ~ 566 1
70 IRAS 12112+0305 PaG 12 13 45.98880 +02 48 39.9600           ~ 373 0
71 [CGM90] IRAS 12112+0305 NE rG 12 13 46.10735 +02 48 41.4959           ~ 369 0
72 LEDA 39055 EmG 12 14 02.4588226248 +53 45 17.525587212   18       ~ 87 0
73 NGC 4194 rG 12 14 09.615 +54 31 35.93   13.79 13.30     ~ 467 2
74 LEDA 90166 AGN 12 14 22.0958120832 -56 32 33.317528712   16.8       ~ 66 0
75 NGC 4228 SBG 12 15 39.174 +36 19 36.80 10.63 10.30 9.93 9.74   ~ 1017 1
76 Z 244-18 bCG 12 26 15.69 +48 29 38.3   15.3       ~ 364 0
77 NGC 4536 H2G 12 34 27.12887 +02 11 16.3680 11.14 11.16 10.55 17.393   ~ 913 3
78 NGC 4559 H2G 12 35 57.6402869976 +27 57 35.859278160   10.46 10.01     ~ 667 1
79 NGC 4631 GiC 12 42 08.009 +32 32 29.44   9.78 9.19 9.10   ~ 1154 3
80 Z 43-99 rG 13 01 50.29128 +04 20 00.4488   15.5       ~ 91 0
81 MCG-02-33-098 AG? 13 02 19.5 -15 46 05   14       ~ 96 0
82 NVSS J130220-154603 Rad 13 02 20.00 -15 46 03.7           ~ 3 1
83 MCG-04-31-023 Sy1 13 02 52.3177169808 -23 55 17.932558692   14.77 14.78 13.24 13.59 ~ 131 1
84 LEDA 101484 EmG 13 06 24.19927 +35 13 42.9587           ~ 44 0
85 2MASX J13081875-5727300 GiG 13 08 18.754 -57 27 30.09   16.4       ~ 49 0
86 2MASX J13150638-5509225 Sy2 13 15 06.33480 -55 09 22.7736   17.3       ~ 172 0
87 MCG+10-19-056 AGN 13 15 35.103 +62 07 28.43   15       ~ 120 1
88 NGC 5104 AGN 13 21 23.11513 +00 20 33.3820   14.5   13.227   ~ 169 1
89 LEDA 46982 AGN 13 25 48.66 -11 36 37.8   17.93 17.43     ~ 98 0
90 IC 4280 Sy1 13 32 53.390 -24 12 25.83   13.48   12.17 15.22 ~ 86 1
91 M 83 SBG 13 37 00.91920 -29 51 56.7400 8.85 8.11 7.52 7.21   ~ 2778 2
92 NGC 5253 rG 13 39 55.990 -31 38 24.11 11.48 10.94 10.49 10.33 13.47 ~ 1421 4
93 QSO J1342+0928 QSO 13 42 08.100 +09 28 38.36           ~ 145 0
94 Z 190-60 AGN 13 49 13.912 +35 15 27.04   14.7       ~ 128 1
95 ESO 221-10 Sy2 13 50 56.924 -49 03 19.72   12.96 11.93 11.75 12.7 ~ 84 1
96 NGC 5331S GiP 13 52 16.56 +02 06 09.9           ~ 63 0
97 QSO J1415+1129 QSO 14 15 46.25 +11 29 43.4   17.63 17.23     ~ 678 0
98 Z 219-66 QSO 14 17 01.716 +43 30 13.52   15.6       ~ 181 0
99 LEDA 52270 Sy1 14 37 38.2867288488 -15 00 24.087592692   16.58 16.40     ~ 300 2
100 MCG+07-30-055 H2G 14 44 12.8032800372 +42 37 43.773570223   16.0       ~ 92 0
101 MCG+04-35-019 G 14 57 00.66647 +24 37 02.6720     15.7     ~ 76 1
102 ESO 99-4 G 15 24 58.217 -63 07 34.43   16.4       ~ 51 0
103 NVSS J153412+571655 rG 15 34 13.3862564640 +57 17 07.282532472   15.8       ~ 79 1
104 IC 1127 SyG 15 34 57.22396 +23 30 11.6084   14.76 13.88     ~ 3090 4
105 NGC 5990 Sy2 15 46 16.3702704024 +02 24 55.693907820   13.1       ~ 158 1
106 FIRST J155623.3+300443 rG 15 56 23.311 +30 04 43.44           ~ 19 0
107 Z 52-37 AGN 16 30 56.539 +04 04 58.36   14.9       ~ 113 1
108 ESO 69-6 AGN 16 38 11.85408 -68 26 08.1888   16.16   14.83   ~ 72 2
109 LEDA 58817 Sy1 16 42 40.1747908920 -09 43 18.848119476   16.77       ~ 106 1
110 NGC 6240 Sy2 16 52 58.9 +02 24 03   14.31 13.37     ~ 1734 2
111 NGC 6286 AGN 16 58 31.3566512040 +58 56 10.114753560   14.2       ~ 202 1
112 LEDA 60189 LIN 17 23 21.96264 -00 17 00.8088   15.1       ~ 454 0
113 LEDA 84885 Sy1 18 32 41.177 -34 11 27.46   15.63   13.66   ~ 142 1
114 2MASX J18333768+5953227 IG 18 33 37.683 +59 53 22.76           ~ 77 0
115 NGC 6701 AGN 18 43 12.429 +60 39 12.13   12.9       ~ 142 1
116 NGC 6786 Sy2 19 10 53.928 +73 24 36.20   13.7       ~ 80 1
117 CXO J191431.2-211905 X 19 14 31.2 -21 19 05           ~ 3 0
118 MCG+04-48-002 Sy2 20 28 35.061 +25 44 00.18   18       ~ 164 1
119 NGC 6946 H2G 20 34 52.332 +60 09 13.24   10.5       ~ 2661 2
120 LEDA 90367 AGN 20 37 17.72304 +25 31 37.6968           ~ 58 0
121 ESO 286-19 LIN 20 58 26.8183783008 -42 38 59.411838156   14.79 14.79 14.20   ~ 318 0
122 MCG-07-43-014 AGN 21 04 11.162 -43 35 32.51   14.42   13.47 13.9 ~ 72 0
123 MCG-07-44-026 EmG 21 36 10.5851750568 -38 32 42.911473128   14.59 13.38 13.27   ~ 87 1
124 LEDA 67037 GiP 21 36 11.10 -38 32 33.0   15.12   13.83   ~ 19 0
125 Z 514-93 AGN 22 41 12.275 +34 14 56.28   15.0       ~ 99 1
126 ESO 148-2 Sy2 23 15 46.76280 -59 03 15.6924   14.94 14.73 13.95   ~ 289 1
127 NGC 7591 SyG 23 18 16.2727927344 +06 35 09.108933504   13.8       ~ 285 1
128 Mrk 930 AGN 23 31 58.630 +28 56 50.51 14.27 15.04 14.63 14.56 14.46 ~ 147 0
129 MCG-01-60-022 Sy2 23 42 00.8439651072 -03 36 54.634148712   14.5 14.6     ~ 89 0
130 NVSS J234605+531359 rG 23 46 05.7217380192 +53 13 56.609577840           ~ 60 1
131 NGC 7771 GiG 23 51 24.880 +20 06 42.57 13.42 13.08 12.25     ~ 350 3
132 Z 455-59 AGN 23 51 26.731 +20 35 10.22   14.9       ~ 237 0

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