2024RAA....24g5014M

In star formation regions, the complex organic molecules (COMs) that contain peptide bonds (-NH-C(=O)-) play a major role in the metabolic process because -NH-C(=O)- is connected to amino acids (R-CHNH₂-COOH). Over the past few decades, many COMs containing peptide-like bonds have been detected in hot molecular cores (HMCs), hot corinos, and cold molecular clouds, however, their prebiotic chemistry is poorly understood. We present the first detection of the rotational emission lines of formamide (NH₂CHO) and isocyanic acid (HNCO), which contain peptide-like bonds toward the chemically rich HMC G358.93-0.03 MM1, using high-resolution and high-sensitivity Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array bands 6 and 7. We estimate that the column densities of NH₂CHO and HNCO toward G358.93-0.03 MM1 are (2.80 ± 0.29) × 10¹⁵ cm^–2 and (1.80 ± 0.42) × 10¹⁶ cm^–2 with excitation temperatures of 165 ± 21 K and 170 ± 32 K, respectively. The fractional abundances of NH₂CHO and HNCO toward G358.93-0.03 MM1 are (9.03 ± 1.44) × 10^–10 and (5.80 ± 2.09) × 10^–9. We compare the estimated abundances of NH₂CHO and HNCO with the existing three-phase warm-up chemical model abundance values and notice that the observed and modeled abundances are very close. We conclude that NH₂CHO is produced by the reaction of NH₂ and H₂CO in the gas phase toward G358.93-0.03 MM1. Likewise, HNCO is produced on the surface of grains by the reaction of NH and CO toward G358.93-0.03 MM1. We also find that NH₂CHO and HNCO are chemically linked toward G358.93-0.03 MM1.